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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Marketing
Order Of Entry Into Foreign Countries By Us Multinationals Since 1965: Role Of Psychic Distance Over Time And Across Sectors, Suresh Singh
Order Of Entry Into Foreign Countries By Us Multinationals Since 1965: Role Of Psychic Distance Over Time And Across Sectors, Suresh Singh
Suresh Singh
Observations of internationalizing manufacturing firms, in the late seventies, revealed that the order in which firms enter foreign countries is influenced by psychic distance (perceived closeness based on factors such as culture, language and development level). Since then, the world has undergone rapid globalization and services have replaced manufacturing as the dominant sector of the world economy. To ascertain whether (a) psychic distance is still relevant and (b) industry sector impacts the relationship between psychic distance and order of entry, this paper analyzed the order of entry into foreign countries by US multinationals in manufacturing and services sectors since 1965. …
Issues In Ecolodge Management In Latin America, Gregory Osland, Robert Mackoy
Issues In Ecolodge Management In Latin America, Gregory Osland, Robert Mackoy
Robert Mackoy
No abstract provided.
Selecting International Modes Of Entry And Expansion, Gregory E. Osland, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou
Selecting International Modes Of Entry And Expansion, Gregory E. Osland, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou
Gregory E. Osland
Selecting a mode for entering or expanding in a foreign market is a crucial strategic decision for an international firm. This article identifies and compares the most influential factors that affect the international modes of entry and expansion decisions of US and Japanese firms. Using mail surveys, this is one of the first studies on this subject to collect data from top executives in both Japan and the USA. Findings reveal that the Japanese are particularly sensitive to external risk and other target market factors. For Americans, company factors, such as international experience, appear to be most important when selecting …
"Doing Business In China: A Framework For Cross-Cultural Understanding, Gregory Osland
"Doing Business In China: A Framework For Cross-Cultural Understanding, Gregory Osland
Gregory E. Osland
The process of doing business in The People′s Republic of China can be understood better and improved through a conceptual model that identifies and explains critical elements of their culture. An attempt is made to fill a gap in previous work by integrating anthropological and political theory, pertinent literature, and experience in the Chinese context. The model reveals the importance of understanding how communication occurs cross‐culturally through language, material objects, and non‐verbal behaviour. The critical role of interpersonal relationships in China is discussed, highlighting the important factors of guanxi, face, group orientation, and deference to age and authority. The …
Successful Operating Strategies In The Performance Of U.S.-China Joint Ventures, Gregory E. Osland
Successful Operating Strategies In The Performance Of U.S.-China Joint Ventures, Gregory E. Osland
Gregory E. Osland
Evaluations of the performance of international joint ventures (IJVs) in China have produced mixed conclusions. This study sought to uncover performance criteria used by various groups of managers and to identify critical factors in IJV performance in China. Using in-depth case studies, matched data were collected from personal interviews with managers from Chinese and U.S. parent companies, joint venture operating managers from both partners, and government officials from both countries. The performance criteria used by joint venture participants appear to be converging, with profitability emerging as the dominant element. This exploratory study uncovered four important strategic factors in the performance …
Foreign Market Entry Strategies Of Japanese Mncs, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou, Gregory E. Osland
Foreign Market Entry Strategies Of Japanese Mncs, Charles R. Taylor, Shaoming Zou, Gregory E. Osland
Gregory E. Osland
While much prior research has focused on Japanese multi‐national corporations’ (MNCs) marketing strategies, little is known about the factors that influence Japanese MNCs’ foreign market entry mode choice. In this study, a survey of Japanese MNCs is conducted in order to assess the factors that are the most influential in the foreign market entry decisions of Japanese MNCs. Using bargaining power theory, eight factors are identified in the study. The findings indicate that five of the eight factors (stake of the host country, need for local contribution, riskiness of the host country, resource commitment, and host government restrictions) are significant …
Customer Loyalty, Repurchase And Satisfaction: A Meta-Analytical Review, Tamilla Curtis, Russell Abratt, Dawna L. Rhoades, Paul Dion
Customer Loyalty, Repurchase And Satisfaction: A Meta-Analytical Review, Tamilla Curtis, Russell Abratt, Dawna L. Rhoades, Paul Dion
Dr. Tamilla Curtis
The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between customer loyalty, repurchase/repurchase intent and satisfaction in order to attempt to resolve the mixed views on these concepts. A quantitative review of loyalty-repurchase satisfaction constructs was conducted to identify the strength and direction of the researched relationships and the influence of possible moderating factors affecting those relationships. The Hunter and Schmidt (1990) meta-analytical technique and software were employed. The results demonstrate that loyalty and satisfaction indicate strong positive relationships (0.54). Repurchase and satisfaction display a complicated relationship, which confirmed the view that satisfaction does not explain repurchase behavior. Repurchase …
Satisfaction With Airline Service Quality: Familiarity Breeds Contempt, Tamilla Curtis, Dawna Rhoades, Blaise Waguespack
Satisfaction With Airline Service Quality: Familiarity Breeds Contempt, Tamilla Curtis, Dawna Rhoades, Blaise Waguespack
Dr. Tamilla Curtis
The objective of this study is to investigate frequency-of-flight issues and the differences between frequent and non-frequent flyers’ levels of satisfaction and the importance attributed to overall airline service quality and select attributes. The results indicate that the level of satisfaction with overall airline quality and select attributes decrease the more passengers fly. Conversely, the level of importance attributed to airline amenities increased with flight frequency. Perceptions of airline quality may vary between different nationalities and different socioeconomic groups. Differences between the short- and long-haul flights, as well as domestic and international services could also exist. Airline managers need to …
Regional Jet Aircraft Competitiveness: Challenges And Opportunities, Tamilla Curtis, Dawna Rhoades, Blaise Waguespack
Regional Jet Aircraft Competitiveness: Challenges And Opportunities, Tamilla Curtis, Dawna Rhoades, Blaise Waguespack
Dr. Tamilla Curtis
The regional jet aircraft is a unique market niche. Particularly suitable for providing capacity in the 30 to 90 seat range, these jets are often used to connect smaller airports to network carrier hubs, as well as to fill in during slow periods. The market is currently dominated by two manufacturers: Brazil's Embraer and Canada's Bombardier. Due to the nature of the global aircraft industry, Embraer and Bombardier are largely dependent on the international sale of their aircraft for steady revenue streams. Orders and deliveries of aircraft with fewer than 100 seats have grown rapidly over the past ten years. …
How High Will Russian Aviation Fly?, Tamilla Curtis, Irina Swenson
How High Will Russian Aviation Fly?, Tamilla Curtis, Irina Swenson
Dr. Tamilla Curtis
The study provides the historical context of the Russian aviation industry reflecting the periods of its growth and decline. It reveals the competitive advantage strategies that have been implemented by the Russian government in an attempt to revivify an enfeebled nation's aeronautic industry. The paper discusses the newly formed Joint Stock Company (JSC) United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) and its strategies to break into global markets, including UAC innovative product offerings. Whether or not, the recent efforts of the Russian government serve as a fulcrum for the Russian aviation industry that will leverage Russia into the global market, remains to be …
The Challenge Of Intervention To Monetarily Support Or Not Support The National Airline Carriers: A Case Of The Airline Industry In Eastern Europe, Dawna L. Rhoades, Tamilla Curtis
The Challenge Of Intervention To Monetarily Support Or Not Support The National Airline Carriers: A Case Of The Airline Industry In Eastern Europe, Dawna L. Rhoades, Tamilla Curtis
Dr. Tamilla Curtis
The airline industry has been considered a special case in national and international business virtually since its beginning. Because of this status, national governments have repeatedly intervened to support national carriers in order to prevent bankruptcy and failure. The nations of Eastern Europe are no exception to this rule and are currently considering additional intervention to support their carriers. This paper explores the rationale for intervention, particularly the suggested economic impact, using traffic and financial information from the Flightglobal database. The conclusion is that the case for intervention is weak at best and that the results may not justify the …
Crm In Russia And U.S. -- Case Study From American Financial Service Industry, Tamilla Curtis, Tom Griffin, Donald Barrere
Crm In Russia And U.S. -- Case Study From American Financial Service Industry, Tamilla Curtis, Tom Griffin, Donald Barrere
Dr. Tamilla Curtis
This paper discusses Customer Relationship Management in two sharply contrasting business cultures: the United States and Russia. Included in the present work is a case study of a midsized American financial services firm that illustrates a common path to the decision to have a CRM system: the planning, selection, and the implementation of the CRM program, including a discussion of the likelihood of success. The clients in this case are Financial Advisors, who in turn sell the investment products to the end user individual investors. CRM in Russia is yet in its infancy as the economy emerges from 200 years …
Corporate Brand Management In Higher Education: The Case Of Erau, Tamilla Curtis, Russell Abratt, William Minor
Corporate Brand Management In Higher Education: The Case Of Erau, Tamilla Curtis, Russell Abratt, William Minor
Dr. Tamilla Curtis
There is evidence in the literature that organizations struggle to formulate and implement their corporate branding strategies. This paper aims to provide an overview of the corporate brand building process in higher education. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative methodology was used in this study. A single case study of a private American university was used to gather information about their corporate brand building process. University administrators and documents were used to gain insights into their brand building process. Findings – The corporate brand building process addressed three key areas; web administration, program marketing and corporate brand positioning. The corporate brand building …
Cross-Border Shopping: A Research Proposal For A Comparison Of Service Encounters Of Canadian Cross-Border Shoppers Versus Canadian Domestic In-Shoppers, Brian A. Zinser, Gary J. Brunswick
Cross-Border Shopping: A Research Proposal For A Comparison Of Service Encounters Of Canadian Cross-Border Shoppers Versus Canadian Domestic In-Shoppers, Brian A. Zinser, Gary J. Brunswick
Brian A Zinser
The phenomenon known as out-shopping behavior (also known as intermarket patronage) is further explored and analyzed within the context of international cross-border consumer behavior. The authors provide an extensive literature review and a set of research hypotheses, as well as a suggested research methodology, and argue that this research will allow for significant contributions to the literature on out-shopping, international cross-border shopping, and services marketing.
India’S Emerging Retail Systems: Coexistence Of Tradition And Modernity, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Ruby Roy Dholakia, Atish Chattopadhyay
India’S Emerging Retail Systems: Coexistence Of Tradition And Modernity, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Ruby Roy Dholakia, Atish Chattopadhyay
Nikhilesh Dholakia
India’s retailing sector is expected to remain in a transition spiral for the foreseeable future. Because of India’s unique context—in terms of history, regulation, institutions, demographics, geography, and traditions—available theories of retail evolution have limited applicability to the retail situation in India. Drawing from the literature, as well as from empirical research and practical experiences of over a decade, this article presents a conceptual frame for understanding the retail sector of India and the likely future trajectory of this sector.
E-Commerce Patterns In South Asia: A Look Beyond Economics, Nir Kshetri, Nikhilesh Dholakia
E-Commerce Patterns In South Asia: A Look Beyond Economics, Nir Kshetri, Nikhilesh Dholakia
Nikhilesh Dholakia
Conflicting and complex forces are shaping the diffusion patterns of the Internet and e-commerce in South Asia. Drawing upon the literature on institutional theory, we explore the drivers and inhibitors of the Internet in South Asian countries. We examine the influence of the three pillars of institutions (Scott, 1995) on the digital world of South Asia. The paper discusses how regulatory, normative, and cognitive institution–such as laws, relationships, culture, and habit–have shaped the diffusion patterns of the Internet and e-commerce in South Asia.
Sustainability Through Profitability: The Triple Bottom Line, Connie I. Reimers-Hild
Sustainability Through Profitability: The Triple Bottom Line, Connie I. Reimers-Hild
Connie I Reimers-Hild, PhD, CPC
Today’s highly competitive, globalized world requires organizations and businesses to think differently about how they are going to stay in business. Businesses can no longer afford to focus on profits as their sole purpose for existence. Organizations must instead think about the “Triple Bottom Line” and its implications for their ability to grow their brand, customer loyalty and profits.
Standing Alone: Small Business And The Global Market, Damian Hine, Stephen Kelly
Standing Alone: Small Business And The Global Market, Damian Hine, Stephen Kelly
Adjunct Professor Stephen J Kelly
This paper takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the exploration of the role small businesses play in the globalization of the Australian economy. We ask: do SMEs exist primarily to service the demands of their larger counterparts, relying on large firms to enter foreign markets, or do they have the ability to enter global markets as 'independent' entities, sustaining a consistent competitive advantage. A multiple case study approach has been applied to answer the research questions. Findings indicate that small firms are indeed independent and dynamic operators, crucial to Australia's economic success, and small firms are effective in entering foreign markets …
The Role Of Relationship Marketing And Networking In Foreign Market Entry And Sustained Competitiveness By Australian Smes, Stephen Kelly
The Role Of Relationship Marketing And Networking In Foreign Market Entry And Sustained Competitiveness By Australian Smes, Stephen Kelly
Adjunct Professor Stephen J Kelly
No abstract provided.
Falling Short: Has The Sec’S Quest To Control Market Manipulation And Abusive Short-Selling Come To An End Or Has It Really Just Begun?, Richard Ramirez
Falling Short: Has The Sec’S Quest To Control Market Manipulation And Abusive Short-Selling Come To An End Or Has It Really Just Begun?, Richard Ramirez
Richard E. Ramirez, J.D. | CFCS
No abstract provided.
Maintenance Of Latvian Business Language, Culture, And Community Through Heritage Tourism And The Internet, Gundars Kaupins, Nina M. Ray, Andris Berzins
Maintenance Of Latvian Business Language, Culture, And Community Through Heritage Tourism And The Internet, Gundars Kaupins, Nina M. Ray, Andris Berzins
Nina M. Ray
No abstract provided.
Emphasizing Foreign Language Use To International Marketing Students: A Situational Exercise That Mimics Real-World Challenges, Tracy L. Melin, Nina M. Ray
Emphasizing Foreign Language Use To International Marketing Students: A Situational Exercise That Mimics Real-World Challenges, Tracy L. Melin, Nina M. Ray
Nina M. Ray
An international marketing exercise consists of students orally providing an introduction in a chosen foreign language of what they, as potential salespeople, might say to a client in that country. Students speak (not read) their prepared statements to the class and are leniently, yet constructively, evaluated on language use and pronunciation and marketing credibility. The objective is to emulate a real business situation and to show students the challenges of working with different languages and cultures in international marketing and the imperfections of direct translation. Results of a student survey showed that a majority of students believed the exercise to …
Basque Studies: Commerce, Heritage, And A Language Less Commonly Taught, But Whole-Heartedly Celebrated, Nina M. Ray, Nere Lete
Basque Studies: Commerce, Heritage, And A Language Less Commonly Taught, But Whole-Heartedly Celebrated, Nina M. Ray, Nere Lete
Nina M. Ray
No abstract provided.
Beyond Spanish For Business: Teaching Marketing Issues In The Spanish-Speaking World, Nina M. Ray
Beyond Spanish For Business: Teaching Marketing Issues In The Spanish-Speaking World, Nina M. Ray
Nina M. Ray
No abstract provided.
The Antecedents Of Export Marketing Performance: An Australian Perspective, Craig C. Julian, Aron O'Cass
The Antecedents Of Export Marketing Performance: An Australian Perspective, Craig C. Julian, Aron O'Cass
Dr Craig C Julian
This study considers a comprehensive set of potential determinants of export marketing performance and the unit of analysis is the individual product-market export venture. Data were gathered via a mail survey of firms exporting from Queensland, Australia. The firms comprising the sample came from a wide cross section of industries including agriculture, mining, light industries, metal-working, electronics, chemical and the services industries. The results support the contention that export marketing strategy, firm-specific characteristics and market characteristics were the significant determinants of export marketing performance.
Casino Customers In Asian Versus Western Gaming Jurisdictions: Implications For Western Casino Operators, Sudhir H. Kale, Mark Spence
Casino Customers In Asian Versus Western Gaming Jurisdictions: Implications For Western Casino Operators, Sudhir H. Kale, Mark Spence
Mark Spence
Purpose – Most of the growth in casino expansion for the foreseeable future will take place in Asia. Western casino operators appreciate the immense opportunities afforded by the Asian markets, but judging by their performance abroad some have not adapted in ways necessary to survive and prosper. The purpose of this paper is to expose key differences between Asian and Western gaming jurisdictions. In light of these differences, it is a serious mistake for Western casino executives to follow an ethnocentric approach when planning marketing activities and customer service initiatives for Asian customers. To rectify this situation, a framework is …
Re-Internationalisation: Exploration And Conceptualisation, Lawrence Welch, Catherine Welch
Re-Internationalisation: Exploration And Conceptualisation, Lawrence Welch, Catherine Welch
Lawrence Welch
Re-internationalisation represents a research challenge for the internationalisation process and international entrepreneurship fields. Many companies withdraw from international operations, go through an international time-out period and later re- enter the international arena. Little is known about this process, and whether re-internationalisers behave differently from those starting out for the first time. The limited, sketchy evidence is considered and it is argued that some re-internationalisers will go into the re-entry process with a significant international heritage from previous activities, including relevant knowledge and networks, enabling faster re-entry and take-off. However, other firms will have exited in such negative circumstances that international …
Towards More Realistic Conceptualisations Of Foreign Operation Modes, Lawrence Welch, Gabriel Benito, Bent Petersen
Towards More Realistic Conceptualisations Of Foreign Operation Modes, Lawrence Welch, Gabriel Benito, Bent Petersen
Lawrence Welch
We address a long-standing discrepancy between theory and practice regarding how firms choose, use, and modify their modes of operation in foreign markets. Theory typically treats foreign operation modes as choices between well-specified, discrete alternatives. Observation of business practice reveals a "messier" reality. We commonly observe mode packages, within-mode adjustments and mode role changes, yet by and large these aspects of international business development have been relatively ignored in the literature, and in theoretical and empirical research. We propose richer and more realistic conceptualisations of foreign operation modes, and look at their implications for theory and practice.
High- Versus Low-Content National Cultures: Preferences For Type Of Retailer And For Human Interaction, Gregory Osland, Bela Florenthal
High- Versus Low-Content National Cultures: Preferences For Type Of Retailer And For Human Interaction, Gregory Osland, Bela Florenthal
Gregory E. Osland
No abstract provided.
Foundations And Evolution Of A Research Career In International Marketing, Gregory Osland
Foundations And Evolution Of A Research Career In International Marketing, Gregory Osland
Gregory E. Osland
No abstract provided.