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Full-Text Articles in Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
Digital Counterfeiting: States Regulation Of Federal, Foreign & Digital, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence P. Shao, Dale H. Shao, Dale C. Rosenblieb Jr.
Digital Counterfeiting: States Regulation Of Federal, Foreign & Digital, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence P. Shao, Dale H. Shao, Dale C. Rosenblieb Jr.
Ralph E. McKinney
The relatively recent appearance of Internet-based transactions necessitated the develop of digital forms of payment. These payments have evolved into various forms, including digital currency. This paper discusses the regulatory authority and/or lack of authority, of the sovereign States of the United States to regulate the counterfeiting of financial instruments used as currency, including digital currency. Federal and Foreign (non-U.S.) currencies are explicitly examined. Some digital currencies are not regulated or authorized specifically by a government. Can a currency without formal codification from a government be regulated by a State? As financial transactions have shifted historically from various governments' legal …
The Reality Of Digital Currency As A Financial Medium Of Exchange, Dale H. Shao, Lawrence Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney, Duane C. Rosenlieb
The Reality Of Digital Currency As A Financial Medium Of Exchange, Dale H. Shao, Lawrence Shao, Ralph E. Mckinney, Duane C. Rosenlieb
Ralph E. McKinney
This paper presents a discussion of the requirements for the long term acceptance of digital currency as a financial medium of exchange through the examination of fundamental criteria associated with common tender and the examination of selected digital currencies. According to the U.S. Treasury, digital currencies are subject to regulation if that digital currency has a substitutive purpose for facilitating exchanging goods and services (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2013). Although governments can place stipulations on currencies, users of common tender, such as digital currencies, expect at least three basic privileges for a digital currency to evolve from conception to realization. …
Enhanced Expense Practices For Higher Education: Enduring Continuous Reductions In State Appropriation, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence Shao
Enhanced Expense Practices For Higher Education: Enduring Continuous Reductions In State Appropriation, Ralph E. Mckinney, Lawrence Shao
Ralph E. McKinney
The way forward for higher education to survive and to endure reductions in state appropriations is the enrichment of practices associated with traditional expenses. Because consistent reductions in state appropriations threaten to cause major changes to educational services within Higher Education, this paper advocates enhancement to program management and changes to teaching practices without sacrificing students' expectations. In fact, these practices strengthen learning through practical and team teaching environments while promoting unity of colleges and integration of courses. Module learning and transition programs encourage students to complete degrees faster and step up to the next advance degree. Flexibility can be …