Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons^™

Learning From Subsistence Marketplaces And Beyond: A Cross-Sectoral Comparison In Benin, Paul Ingenbleek, Souleimane A. Adekambi, Hans C.M. Van Trijp

Subsistence Marketplaces

Subsistence Marketplaces publishes studies that study consumers, entrepreneurs, and marketplaces from a broad range of low income contexts in their own right, transcending the boundaries between sectors and disciplines to derive practically meaningful implications. This paper contributes to accomplishing the mission of the new journal by contextualizing market learning theory to subsistence marketplaces. More specifically, the study links two modes of market learning (exploration and exploitation) with producers’ livelihood performance. It hypothesizes that within subsistence marketplaces, producers benefit the most from exploration but to seize a market opportunity beyond the subsistence context, BoP producers should strengthen their exploitative learning processes. …

Pandemic, Retail Sales And Local Economies: Evidence From Northeast Oklahoma, Sanchari Ghosh, Brian Jackson, Ray Murphy

Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Technology

Early post-COVID pandemic studies focused on the macroeconomic impacts of that event on employment, income, healthcare costs, food security, etc. Yet there has been little emphasis on how changes in consumption spending patterns resulting from the pandemic affected retail sales and revenues, each of which are major contributors of growth for local economies. This study investigates these relationships by implementing retail pull and sales gap analyses to determine how non-metropolitan rural regions responded to consumption expenditures and retail sales before and after the pandemic. Using three cities of northeastern Oklahoma as a case study, retail pull factors at the city …

Member Engagement And Level Of Satisfaction In A Revitalized Co-Operative Enterprise In Iloilo Province, Philippines, Ma. Rhona P. Beriales

Journal of Economics, Management and Agricultural Development

A co-operative is a member-centered association of individuals with the goal of advancing their economic and social interests. This paper examined member engagement dynamics in a revitalized community-based co-operative in terms of members’ perceived value, member patronage and participation. The study also explored the effect of member engagement to the revitalized co- operative operations and member satisfaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study involved a survey of 175 respondents chosen purposively from the co-operative members of good standing. Results showed that members joined the co-operative for economic and personal growth, except for the older members’ goal which was for socialization. …

Invited Perspective - Nutritional Needs And Implications For Children In Subsistence Marketplaces, Nagendra Rangavajla

Subsistence Marketplaces

Today, while the number of stunted children is decreasing in all geographies, the progress is not consistent. Moreover, there is an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescent. Globally, about half of all children under five do not receive essential nutrients, often unnoticed until too late. On the other end of the spectrum, the incidence of overweight and obesity in 5-19 year old has increased from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016 ¹. These trends reflect a ‘triple burden of malnutrition’, a burden that impacts the survival, growth, and development of children, and in turn, …

Invited Perspective - Engaging Aspirations To Nurture Communities, Kentaro Toyama

Subsistence Marketplaces

For subsistence communities, the question is whether aspirations can be applied to motivate behavior that is, on the one hand consistent with people’s aspirations, but which might otherwise be difficult to elicit. Could poorer households be encouraged to save, to spend more on their children’s education, or to act against unhealthy social norms? A couple of examples suggest this is not only possible, but highly successful in contexts where other appeals fail.

Extension-Led Demonstration: Grameen Microfinance Methods And Capital Access For Low-Income Female Entrepreneurs, Mark A. Edelman

The Journal of Extension

A nonprofit community development financial institution and Extension collaborated to conduct a demonstration project to evaluate efficacy of Grameen peer-group microfinance methodology in addressing barriers faced by low-income women entrepreneurs in a small metro area. Program performance metrics achieved by 284 culturally diverse, low-income entrepreneurs (almost all women) over 5 years included a program loan repayment rate of 99%, increased average client income, bank savings accumulation, and increased opportunities for improved credit scores. Client survey responses indicated program methods developed confidence and skills in finances, leadership, and teamwork. Extension professionals may play various roles in such endeavors.

Subsistence Marketplaces: Journal, Knowledge-Practice Portal, And Organization, Madhu Viswanathan

Subsistence Marketplaces

Subsistence Marketplaces: Journal, Knowledge-Practice Portal and Organization

Plastic Bags And Bamboo Stools, Grace R. Bithell

Marriott Student Review

This paper conducts a critical analyses of microfinance institutions. It gives an overview of the complexities of credit in developing countries and shows how microfinance fits into the equations. It discussed the successes and failures of microenterprises in trying to alleviate poverty. It also delves into best practices pertaining to lending to the poor and how microfinance is impacted by culture in developing nations.

Gdp And Refugees: An Economic Argument For Accepting Refugees, Michael Jarman

Marriott Student Review

This paper examines both the costs and benefits associated with accepting refugees and purports to show that accepting refugees is economically beneficial; increasing GDP in the long run. There is a substantial cost associated with accepting and sustaining refugees, both in providing necessities and in the impact that refugees have on local job markets. However, longitudinal data pulled from Denmark, Germany, and Turkey has shown that local markets do recover from the initial shock. Over time as refugees integrate into their host communities, they provide dividends in the form of increasing demand, greater mobility and wage increases for locals, and …

Women’S Work: Labor Market Outcomes And Female Entrepreneurship In Ghana, Loretta Agyemang

Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper is an investigation of female entrepreneurship in Ghana. It seeks to answer the following question: Why are Ghanaian women so heavily concentrated in microenterprise in the informal economy? The literature review explores labor market trends for women on three different scales including an overview of developing countries, Sub-Saharan Africa regional, and Ghana-specific analysis. After exploring issues women face in formal employment, the study delves into business operations of informal, urban-based market participants by analyzing data pertaining to Ghanaian microenterprise. Additionally, the paper details the experiences and views of female entrepreneurs through in-depth interviews and participant observations with thirty …

A Case Study Analysis Of A Regional Food System: The Sustainable Agriculture Consortium For Historically Disadvantaged Farmers Program, Tasha M. Hargrove, Walter A. Hill, John Brown, Miles Robinson, Iris Cole-Crosby, Elizabeth Myles, Billy Lawton, Karla Martin

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

The Sustainable Agriculture Consortium for Historically Disadvantaged Farmers Program (SACH) was designed to carry out an experiment by five 1890 Land-Grant Universities in partnership with five farmer based cooperatives in five states to assess marketing fruits and vegetables to Walmart from a regional perspective. Using the Consortium as a case study, this study assessed the Consortium within the framework of implementation evaluation; data were collected using semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The study answered questions such as, what did the Consortium do, and what were some of the accomplishments of the Consortium? The farmers were able to: negotiate price points; …

Effect Of Deposit Money Banks' Credit On The Performance Of Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises In Nigeria, G. O. Evbuomwan, V. O. Okoruwa, A. E. Ikpi

Economic and Financial Review

This paper set out to empirically evaluate the effect of deposit money banks' credit on the performance of MSMEs in Nigeria, with the aid of a vector autoregression and error correction mechanism (ECM) technique. Results of the empirical investigation confirmed credit had a positive effect on GDP of MSMEs in Nigeria as the coefficient of CAM (credit to MSMEs) was positive (1.0569) and significant at 1.0 per cent level. It was, therefore, recommended that every effort should be made to improve access to credit by MSMEs, so that they could play their potential roles of employment generation and wealth creation …

Entrepreneur's Dilemma: Hotel Investments In Emerging Markets, Melih Madanoglu

Hospitality Review

Estimating the required rate of return for hotel properties is a daunting task because a lodging property is considered a hybrid between a real estate asset, and a revenue-generating enterprise affiliated with a hotel brand. Computing the expected rate of return for a hotel becomes even more complicated when a third party foreign investor/entrepreneur is the one performing the computation for an investment hotel in an emerging country. This clinical case illustrates the challenges surrounding the estimation of a project’s cost of equity in the multinational hotel industry. The results reveal that estimating cost of equity in emerging markets for …

The Renaissance Of A Food-Based Economy In Skowhegan, Amber Lambke

Maine Policy Review

This case study discusses the example of Skowhegan, Maine, which is seeing the rebirth of a local food-based economy, focused on the development of a local grist mill and farmer’s market

Micmac Farms: From Community Garden To Four-Season Farm And Retail Outlet, Jane Caulfield

Maine Policy Review

This short case study describes how Maine’s Micmac tribe is developing “Micmac Farms” from a community garden to a four-season agricultural business.

The Development Of Informal Sector Small And Medium Scale Enterprises Through Formation Of Cluster And Networking: A Case Study Based On Sri Lanka And Pakistan, S.W.S.B. Dasanayaka

Business Review

In recent years Pakistan has faced a rapidly growing services sector which has lead some observers to believe that there is a transfer of resources occurring in Pakistan from the tradable to the non-tradable sector, hence causing the Dutch Disease in the economy. However no precise response has been offered on this subject. This paper seeks to provide empirical evidence on the question of the existence of Dutch Disease in Pakistan by using Linda Kamas's model on Dutch Disease. The percentage change in the growth of the tradable and the non-tradable sectors in Pakistan is calculated by using data from …

Factors Affecting Business Success Of Small And Medium Enterprises (Smes) In Bangladesh, Muhammad Aminul Islam, Ejaz Ahmad Mian, Muhammad Hasmat Ali

Business Review

The concepts of cluster and networking emerged in 1960s in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) literature but the formation of SME clusters and networking is a very new strategy for Sri Lanka started in 2001 and Pakistan started in 2003. But it shows some positive sign of growth by increasing competitiveness of SMEs by opening-up new opportunities due to good innovative networking, common facility usage and collective efficiency of economies of scale, scopes and synergies, etc. The problem of many SMEs in both countries is not their size, but being isolated and working in enclave nature, therefore SMEs individually …

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector: The Case For The Manufacturing Of Cotton, Textile In Nigeria., Onuoha G. Nkem

Bullion

Nigeria is the third largest producer of cotton in Africa after Egypt and Sudan. Cotton growing zones are mainly in the Northern parts of the country, though the planting of cotton started in Western Nigeria. This paper focusses on the manufacture of cotton, textile in Nigeria, sources of material available, the equipment required, manpower, the land space required, the capital outlay and Profitability of the business. The paper concludes that from the financial result of the above analysis, the project is economically viable and technically feasible. Neem Seeds as Raw Materials is in abundance and can be sourced at lower …

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Millinery Industry In Nigeria., Mark Chito Mrs.

Bullion

This paper examines the establishment of millinery factory in Nigeria, the capital outlay, equipment, landscape, sources of materials, profitability and target market. The paper contends that anybody can learn hat making skills and procedure but sustainability in the millinery industry is a function of creativity, foresight and artistic venturesome-ness. The study argues that the foreign market for Nigerian hats may well exceed that of the local in leaps and bounds. Nigeria appears to have a traditional attitude of disdain against their own locally produced materials even when such is internationally recognised and accepted.

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Case For The Production Of Corn Flakes., Abdullahi Abubakar

Bullion

Cornflakes production is a promising viable business considering the increasing rate of urbanizing and our penchant for fast foods. Moreover, the demands of children for breakfast cereals especially in preparation for school and even in leisure times made the cornflakes business a promising and worthwhile venture for consideration by any aspiring entrepreneur. This paper examines cornflakes production, machinery and equipment, production process, market potentials, production capacity, financing cornflakes production and necessary approvals. The study concludes that The value added in a gross output of about sixty small textile mills with a gross output of N1.014 Trillion is N0.670 Trillion. This …

Employment Generation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Case For The Manufacturing Of Farm Implements., Ihinodu I. I

Bullion

The modernization of agriculture has the potential to achieve the various objectives of creating employment, increasing productivity and output in both the sector and the entire economy, thus contributing to the food security goal of the government. This paper aims primarily at examining the prospects as well as the processes of manufacturing agricultural implements with a view to encouraging small/medium entrepreneurs to engage in the ventures. It examines the manufacturing activities of farm implements. It analyses the role which governments should play as well as highlighting the potential benefits of the enterprises. The paper conclude that given the stage of …

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Case For Neem Tree In Nigeria., Abdullahi Abubakar

Bullion

This paper is focused on neem oil production for both local and export markets. It examines Neem, (Azadirachta indica A Juss), an evergreen tree that belongs to the family, Meliaceae and is known by the botanical name Azadirachta indica A Juss. lt is a fast growing tree, well adapted to semi-arid conditions and grows well on poor shallow stony or sandy soils where agricultural crops give low yields despite the application of fertilisers. The paper examines the origin of the neem tree, composition, uses, products, investment potentials and financial analysis on profile for neem seeds processing. The study conclude that …

Knowledge Flows And Economic Development Through Microenterprise Collaboration In Third-Sector Communities, Raymond M. Jones, Roger J. Kashlak, Audra M. Jones

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

"The U.N. once dealt only with governments. By now we know that peace and prosperity cannot be achieved without partnership involving governments, international organizations, the business community and civil society. In today’s world we depend on each other.” Kofi Annan, UN Secretary (1999).

As emphasized by Secretary Annan’s quote, the global community is increasingly concerned with economic development and promotion of democracies is focusing on developing programs to stimulate partnerships among three distinct sectors: government sector, civil society and private sector, including locally based and international entrepreneurs. The modern organization is becoming increasingly informed in its strategies and practices by …

Employing Service Learning In Community-University Partnership Program To Develop Local Msmes In Bungo And Tejo Regencies, Mona Novita, M. Syukri Ismail, Muhammad Solihin, Muhammad Asman

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

This paper illustrates the implementation of a community project developed based on a partnership between the community and the local university in Bungo and Tebo Regencies. The project aims to develop the local micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as a strategic step to increase the regional economy, taking the form of a so- called Community–University Partnership Program in Bungo and Tebo Regencies. The Community–University Partnership methodology employs the Service Learning (SL) method to increase MSME actors’ competence in terms of financial literacy, product packaging, and marketing. The effectiveness of the SL-based Community–University Partnership Program was measured using a quantitative …

The Meaning Of Black Entrepreneurship In Constructing Community, Stacey Sutton

Trotter Review

The small business sector in the United States has traditionally been viewed as a strong source of economic growth and prosperity, as entrepreneurship epitomizes the quintessential American fantasy of rugged individualism. Given the myths about larger-than-life entrepreneurial heroes, business development has historically been touted as a viable trajectory toward economic and social mobility for immigrant groups and marginalized people. Stories about "great" American businessmen such as John D. Rockefeller, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs among others, often highlight rags-to-riches myths about innumerable possibilities within American capitalism given diligence, fierce competition, and an uncompromising work ethic. The work values of small business …

The New England Economic Revitalization And Future Research Priorities, James M. Howell

New England Journal of Public Policy

New England's recent economic revitalization is largely attributed to the region's success in technological innovation and adaptation. This capacity to supplant older, maturing technologies with new technologies — a willingness to continually shed the old to make room for the new — has been a characteristic of New England since the early nineteenth century. At that time, as today, the critical factors in the process of technological development were the presence of investment capital, skilled labor, entrepreneurs, and, above all, preeminent colleges and universities that foster unconventional thinking and risk-taking. While the region's economy should continue to benefit from these …