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Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics Commons™
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- Computer ethics (3)
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- Ethics (3)
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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics
Immigrant-Owned Small Businesses’ Participation In Diaspora Philanthropy: A Case Study During The Covid-19 Outbreak, Ximeng Chen
Immigrant-Owned Small Businesses’ Participation In Diaspora Philanthropy: A Case Study During The Covid-19 Outbreak, Ximeng Chen
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Purpose – The concept of diaspora philanthropy contains the following two components: diasporas, who are individuals who live outside of their homelands but maintain a sense of identity with their home countries, and charitable giving provided by these diasporas to causes related to their hometowns. Often diaspora philanthropy happens through intermediary organizations such as hometown associations, internet-based philanthropic platforms and faith-based groups. Little research explores immigrant-owned small businesses as intermediary organizations for diaspora philanthropy. In the literature of social entrepreneurship, the theory of opportunity recognition provides insights on how do businesses identify opportunities for fulfilling social missions. However, it is …
Why We Should Have Seen That Coming: Comments On Microsoft’S Tay “Experiment,” And Wider Implications, K. W. Miller, Marty J. Wolf, Frances S. Grodzinsky
Why We Should Have Seen That Coming: Comments On Microsoft’S Tay “Experiment,” And Wider Implications, K. W. Miller, Marty J. Wolf, Frances S. Grodzinsky
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
In this paper we examine the case of Tay, the Microsoft AI chatbot that was launched in March, 2016. After less than 24 hours, Microsoft shut down the experiment because the chatbot was generating tweets that were judged to be inappropriate since they included racist, sexist, and anti-Semitic language. We contend that the case of Tay illustrates a problem with the very nature of learning software (LS is a term that describes any software that changes its program in response to its interactions) that interacts directly with the public, and the developer’s role and responsibility associated with it. We make …
An Integrated Model Of Employee Adoption, Nelson Pizarro
An Integrated Model Of Employee Adoption, Nelson Pizarro
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Proactive firms recognize that environmental and social issues are sources of competitive advantages, but whatever the motivation, organizations face challenges when implementing sustainable practices. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), sustainable practices have stemmed from multinational corporations (MNC), but SMEs cannot adopt sustainable practices from the knowledge and experiences of large corporations because the two entities differ critically. This study introduces an integrated model of employee adoption of sustainable practices in SMEs. It is based on five behaviors to select practical areas to which SMEs can make internal changes to achieve sustainable practices and the benefits gained from them. The …
Trust, Betrayal, And Whistle-Blowing: Reflections On The Edward Snowden Case, Herman T. Tavani, Frances Grodzinsky
Trust, Betrayal, And Whistle-Blowing: Reflections On The Edward Snowden Case, Herman T. Tavani, Frances Grodzinsky
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
Is every act of whistle blowing, by definition, a betrayal of trust on the part of the whistle-blower? If so, are employees who blow the whistle, by implication, untrustworthy employees? Assuming that they are, would employees who blow the whistle (presumably on the grounds of moral obligation) also be willing to concede that they are not trustworthy employees, by virtue of carrying out their whistle-blowing act(s)? In answering these questions, we first propose some working definitions of whistle-blowing, trust, and trustworthiness. We then ask whether some instances of whistle-blowing are morally permissible (and perhaps also morally required), even if it …
The Alien Tort Statute Of 1789 And International Human Rights Violations: Kiobel V. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Paula Alexander Becker
The Alien Tort Statute Of 1789 And International Human Rights Violations: Kiobel V. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Paula Alexander Becker
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. involves an action under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). The case was brought in the United States, Southern District of New York, by the widow of Dr. Barinem Kiobel, a Nigerian activist and member of the Ogoni tribe, and others for human rights violations committed in the Niger River Delta. Defendants include Royal Dutch Petroleum, Shell Transport and Trading Co., and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Although the human rights violations including murder and torture were allegedly committed by the Nigerian military government, it is claimed that the Royal Dutch Petroleum defendants aided …
Sustainability: A Paradigmatic Shift In Entrepreneurship Education, Frances M. Amatucci, Nelson Pizarro, Jay Friedlander
Sustainability: A Paradigmatic Shift In Entrepreneurship Education, Frances M. Amatucci, Nelson Pizarro, Jay Friedlander
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
This article proposes that sustainability represents a paradigmatic shift from traditional perspectives in entrepreneurship education. This “call to action” argues that it is imperative for entrepreneurship scholars and practitioners to add sustainability to academic curricula and consulting support activities. The evolutionary development of entrepreneurship from the traditional profit-oriented perspective to sustainable entrepreneurship is described. A case study of an academic institution, which has successfully incorporated sustainability principles into its curriculum, is provided.This article is among the first that details the importance of a paradigmatic shift because “business as usual” is no longer effective in the twenty-first century.
Moral Responsibility For Computing Artifacts: "The Rules" And Issues Of Trust, Frances S. Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller, Marty J. Wolf
Moral Responsibility For Computing Artifacts: "The Rules" And Issues Of Trust, Frances S. Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller, Marty J. Wolf
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
“The Rules” are found in a collaborative document (started in March 2010) that states principles for responsibility when a computer artifact is designed, developed and deployed into a sociotechnical system. At this writing, over 50 people from nine countries have signed onto The Rules (Ad Hoc Committee, 2010). Unlike codes of ethics, The Rules are not tied to any organization, and computer users as well as computing professionals are invited to sign onto The Rules. The emphasis in The Rules is that both users and professionals have responsibilities in the production and use of computing artifacts. In this paper, we …
Artificial Agents, Cloud Computing, And Quantum Computing: Applying Floridi’S Method Of Levels Of Abstraction, Marty J. Wolf, Frances Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller
Artificial Agents, Cloud Computing, And Quantum Computing: Applying Floridi’S Method Of Levels Of Abstraction, Marty J. Wolf, Frances Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
In his paper “On the Intrinsic Value of Information Objects and the Infosphere,” Luciano Floridi asserts that the goal of Information Ethics (IE) “is to fill an ‘ethical vacuum’ brought to light by the ICT revolution, to paraphrase Moor” (1985). He claims “IE will prove its value only if its applications bear fruit. This is the work that needs to be done in the near future” (Floridi 2002). Our chapter proposes to do part of that work. Initially we focus on Floridi’s Method of Levels of Abstraction (LoA). We begin by examining his methodology as it was first developed with …
Faith-Based Entrepreneurship, M. Yaqub Mirza, Miles K. Davis
Faith-Based Entrepreneurship, M. Yaqub Mirza, Miles K. Davis
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Interview of M. Yaqub Mirza by Miles K. Davis. Dr. Mirza attributes both his personal and business success to following Islamic principles.This interview outlines the Islamic principles he uses to guide his investment in new ventures and how those same principles shape his management style and attitude toward corporate social responsibility.
How A Plane Crash Changed My Life, Ted Leonsis, Miles K. Davis
How A Plane Crash Changed My Life, Ted Leonsis, Miles K. Davis
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
In 1983 Ted Leonsis survived a crash landing of a plane he was on.This fateful event proved to be a pivotal point in his life. One of the byproducts of that near-death experiences is Leonsis’ list of 101 things to do before he died—a "bucket list” before the movie of that title came out. Leonsis has managed to accomplish more than two-thirds of the things on his list including owning a sports franchise (the Washington Capitals), changing someone’s life via a charity, sailing the Caribbean, and being on the cover of a magazine. As impressive as these accomplishments are, they …
Ethical Compliance Behavior In Small And Young Firms: The Role Of Employee Identification With The Firm, Susan Houghton, Mark Simon, Ph.D.
Ethical Compliance Behavior In Small And Young Firms: The Role Of Employee Identification With The Firm, Susan Houghton, Mark Simon, Ph.D.
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
We explored whether employees in smaller, younger firms would be more ethically compromised, and whether employee identification moderates this relationship.We collected survey data from 154 working professionals enrolled in an MBA program in the southeastern United States. We found that employees of smaller, younger firms selected more compromised ethical choices than employees of larger, older firms. Contrary to our expectations, employee identification had no effect in smaller, younger, firms, yet in larger, older firms, identification actually reduced ethical compliance, suggesting that there is not a simple relationship between identification and ethical compliance.
Integrity And Values: Interview With Dr. Jim Sinegal, Costco Wholesale Corporation, Miles K. Davis, James D. Sinegal
Integrity And Values: Interview With Dr. Jim Sinegal, Costco Wholesale Corporation, Miles K. Davis, James D. Sinegal
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
In describing his success, Sinegal attributes it to “just good business practices.” And while he was born into a Catholic family and supports Catholic causes, he does not necessarily tie his faith to the way he approaches business. That approach, he says, is based in learning how to do business with integrity and high values from an early mentor. The following interview outlines how Sinegal approaches business and how he works to establish integrity and high values throughout Costco Wholesale Corporation.
Owens Sawmill: A Family Business Facing A Social Responsibility Dilemma, Dianne H. Welsh, David Rawlings
Owens Sawmill: A Family Business Facing A Social Responsibility Dilemma, Dianne H. Welsh, David Rawlings
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
This is a real case involving an SME that produces southern hardwood finished lumber. The family business faces a social responsibility dilemma in terms of displaced workers and limited job opportunities in the surrounding labor market if they purchase a new saw that would modernize production, improve profitability, and eliminate 50 percent of their labor costs. The most logical employment for these workers would be a cutter, loader, or hauler of logs, which have been determined to be some of the most dangerous jobs in the United States. This case requires students to examine the decision-making process of a modest …
Entrepreneurial Selection And Use Of Legal Counsel, Stephen J. Schanz
Entrepreneurial Selection And Use Of Legal Counsel, Stephen J. Schanz
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurs starting new ventures will encounter a host of legal issues requiring consultation with an attorney on an episodic or ongoing basis. It is critical that careful attention be given to the attorney selection process to properly match the needs of the company with the credentials of the attorney. Additionally, options should be explored regarding the billing and payment methodologies the attorney is willing to entertain. The financial resources and cash flow of young companies will likely have a direct impact on the financial agreements entered into with legal counsel. Further, companies desirous of offering the attorney a stake in …
Ethical Reflections On Cyberstalking, Frances Grodzinsky, Herman T. Tavani
Ethical Reflections On Cyberstalking, Frances Grodzinsky, Herman T. Tavani
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
This essay examines some ethical aspects of stalking behavior in cyberspace. We have argued elsewhere that recent online stalking incidents raise a wide range of ethical concerns, including issues affecting gender (Grodzinsky and Tavani, 2001), personal privacy (Tavani and Grodzinsky, 2002), and physical vs. virtual harm (Grodzinsky and Tavani, 2002). The primary axis of discussion in this essay has to do with implications that cyberstalking has for our notion of moral responsibility, both at the collective (or group) and individual levels. For example, do collectivities and organizations such as Internet service providers (ISPs) have any moral obligations to cyberstalking victims, …
Ethical Issues In Open Source Software, Frances Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller, Marty J. Wolf
Ethical Issues In Open Source Software, Frances Grodzinsky, Keith W. Miller, Marty J. Wolf
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
In this essay we argue that the current social and ethical structure in the Open Source Software (OSS) Community stem from its roots in academia. The individual developers experience a level of autonomy similar to that of a faculty member. Furthermore, we assert that the Open Source Software Community's social structure demands benevolent leadership. We argue that it is difficult to pass off low quality open source software as high quality software and that the Open Source development model offers strong accountability. Finally, we argue that Open Source Software introduces ethical challenges for universities and the software development community.
Cyberstalking, Personal Privacy, And Moral Responsibility, Herman T. Tavani, Frances Grodzinsky
Cyberstalking, Personal Privacy, And Moral Responsibility, Herman T. Tavani, Frances Grodzinsky
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
This essay examines some ethical aspects of stalking incidents in cyberspace. Particular attention is focused on the Amy Boyer/Liam Youens case of cyberstalking, which has raised a number of controversial ethical questions. We limit our analysis to three issues involving this particular case. First, we suggest that the privacy of stalking victims is threatened because of the unrestricted access to on-line personal information, including on-line public records, currently available to stalkers. Second, we consider issues involving moral responsibility and legal liability for Internet service providers (ISPs) when stalking crimes occur in their `space' on the Internet. Finally, we examine issues …
Some Ethical Reflections On Cyberstalking, Frances Grodzinsky, Herman T. Tavani
Some Ethical Reflections On Cyberstalking, Frances Grodzinsky, Herman T. Tavani
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
The present study examines a range of moral issues associated with recent cyberstalking cases. Particular attention is centered on the Amy Boyer/ Liam Youens case of cyberstalking, which raises a host of considerations that we believe have a significant impact for ethical behavior on the Internet. Among the questions we consider are those having to do with personal privacy and the use of certain kinds of Internet search facilities to stalk individuals in cyberspace. Also considered are questions having to do with legal liability and (possible) moral responsibility that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have for stalking crimes that occur in …
Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Do Values Matter?, Mike Morris, Minet Schindehutte, Jack Lesser
Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Do Values Matter?, Mike Morris, Minet Schindehutte, Jack Lesser
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
While considerable attention has been devoted to the personality traits of entrepreneurs, less attention has been given to their values, especially outside of a Western context. Values are instrumental in the decision to pursue entrepreneurship, and have implications for the entrepreneur’s approach to creating and managing the venture. The role of values would seem especially relevant in the context of ethnic subcultures. Values traditionally associated with entrepreneurship, such as risk, individualism, competitiveness, wealth generation, and growth, may be more consistent with Western cultures, and may conflict with closely held values within various ethnic subcultures the world over. This article examines …
The Development Of The 'Ethical' Ict Professional And The Vision Of An Ethical On-Line Society: How Far Have We Come And Where Are We Going?, Frances Grodzinsky
The Development Of The 'Ethical' Ict Professional And The Vision Of An Ethical On-Line Society: How Far Have We Come And Where Are We Going?, Frances Grodzinsky
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
It has been a decade since Computer Ethics came into prominence within the field of computer science and engineering, changing not only the profession but the classroom as well. The commercialization and globalization of the World Wide Web has impacted us all, both producers and consumers alike. What was once the province of the few has become the virtual society of the multitudes. Ethical issues concerning security, privacy, information, identity, community and equity of access once contained and localized, have assumed additional complexity in the global environment. Every day, the front pages of our newspapers and magazines report violations of …
The Practitioner From Within: Revisiting The Virtues, Frances Grodzinsky
The Practitioner From Within: Revisiting The Virtues, Frances Grodzinsky
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
Traditionally the study of computer ethics involves taking students who are not philosophically trained, exposing them to action-guiding theories, presenting them with the codes of ethics of several companies and professional organizations and asking them to make ethical decisions in scenario-based cases. This approach is deliberately action-based and focuses on doing. "What would you do?" is the traditional question we ask our students. While this pedagogical methodology forces them to examine situations and argue from a particular point of view, it does little to influence their character. They see the utilitarian or deontologist as someone other than themselves. There seems …