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The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy And Its Antithesis, Jay H. Bernstein
The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy And Its Antithesis, Jay H. Bernstein
Publications and Research
The now taken-for-granted notion that data lead to information, which leads to knowledge, which in turnleads to wisdom was first specified in detail by R. L. Ackoff in 1988. The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration, reduction, and transformation. Besides being causal and hierarchical,the scheme is pyramidal, in that data are plentiful while wisdom is almost nonexistent. Ackoff’s formulalinking these terms together this way permits us to ask what the opposite of knowledge is and whether analogous principles of hierarchy, process, and pyramiding apply to it. The inversion of the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy produces a series of opposing terms (including misinformation,error, …
A Relative Comparison Of Leading Supply Chain Management Software Packages, Zhongxian Wang, Ruiliang Yan, Kimberly Hollister, Ruben Xing
A Relative Comparison Of Leading Supply Chain Management Software Packages, Zhongxian Wang, Ruiliang Yan, Kimberly Hollister, Ruben Xing
Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Supply Chain Management (SCM) has proven to be an effective tool that aids companies in the development of competitive advantages. SCM Systems are relied on to manage warehouses, transportation, trade logistics and various other issues concerning the coordinated movement of products and services from suppliers to customers. Although in today’s fast paced business environment, numerous supply chain solution tools are readily available to companies, choosing the right SCM software is not an easy task. The complexity of SCM systems creates a multifaceted issue when selecting the right software, particularly in light of the speed at which technology evolves. In this …