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Full-Text Articles in Business

Impact Of Knowledge Management Processes Upon Job Satisfaction And Job Performance, George Reid Cooper Jan 2022

Impact Of Knowledge Management Processes Upon Job Satisfaction And Job Performance, George Reid Cooper

CCE Theses and Dissertations

While we might know anecdotally that the implementation of knowledge management in an organization improves job satisfaction and job performance, there are limited empirical studies that assess this assumption. There have been studies done in this area but the results vary in terms of which knowledge management processes have an impact upon job satisfaction and which do not. Similarly, many studies make assumptions that job satisfaction leads to improved job performance without testing for that variable. The goal of this dissertation is to assess whether the knowledge management processes have a positive impact upon job satisfaction and job performance and …


Climate Change And Cop26: Are Digital Technologies And Information Management Part Of The Problem Or The Solution? An Editorial Reflection And Call To Action, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Laurie Hughes, Arpan Kumar Kar, Abdullah M. Baabdullah, Purva Grover, Roba Abbas, Daniela Andreini, Iyad Abumoghli, Yves Barlette, Deborah Bunker, Leona Chandra Kruse, Ioanna Constantiou, Robert M. Davison, Rahul De', Rameshwar Dubey, Henry Fenby-Taylor, Babita Gupta, Wu He, Mitsuru Kodama, Matti Mäntymäki, Bhimaraya Metri, Katina Michael, Johan Olaisen, Niki Panteli, Samuli Pekkola, Rohit Nishant, Ramakrishnan Raman, Nripendra P. Rana, Frantz Rowe, Suprateek Sarker, Brenda Scholtz, Maung Sein, Jeel Dharmeshkumar Shah, Thompson S.H. Teo, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Morten Thanning Vendelø, Michael Wade Jan 2022

Climate Change And Cop26: Are Digital Technologies And Information Management Part Of The Problem Or The Solution? An Editorial Reflection And Call To Action, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Laurie Hughes, Arpan Kumar Kar, Abdullah M. Baabdullah, Purva Grover, Roba Abbas, Daniela Andreini, Iyad Abumoghli, Yves Barlette, Deborah Bunker, Leona Chandra Kruse, Ioanna Constantiou, Robert M. Davison, Rahul De', Rameshwar Dubey, Henry Fenby-Taylor, Babita Gupta, Wu He, Mitsuru Kodama, Matti Mäntymäki, Bhimaraya Metri, Katina Michael, Johan Olaisen, Niki Panteli, Samuli Pekkola, Rohit Nishant, Ramakrishnan Raman, Nripendra P. Rana, Frantz Rowe, Suprateek Sarker, Brenda Scholtz, Maung Sein, Jeel Dharmeshkumar Shah, Thompson S.H. Teo, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Morten Thanning Vendelø, Michael Wade

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

The UN COP26 2021 conference on climate change offers the chance for world leaders to take action and make urgent and meaningful commitments to reducing emissions and limit global temperatures to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. Whilst the political aspects and subsequent ramifications of these fundamental and critical decisions cannot be underestimated, there exists a technical perspective where digital and IS technology has a role to play in the monitoring of potential solutions, but also an integral element of climate change solutions. We explore these aspects in this editorial article, offering a comprehensive opinion based insight to a …


Knowledge Management Strategies In Support Of Succession Planning, Jared Kunath Jan 2022

Knowledge Management Strategies In Support Of Succession Planning, Jared Kunath

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Leader succession is a persistent strategic concern for U.S. federal agencies. The resultant loss of institutional knowledge as members retire, are replaced or are promoted significantly impacts the organization’s performance. Grounded in knowledge management theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies federal leaders use to emplace effective knowledge management programs to support succession planning. The six participants were middle and senior-level leaders of a U.S. federal agency located in Texas who had at least 5 years of experience managing their organization’s knowledge systems during succession planning and succession events. Data were collected using semistructured …


Work-Life Balance Effective Strategies To Enhance Personal And Professional Success, Cheryl Lentz Jan 2022

Work-Life Balance Effective Strategies To Enhance Personal And Professional Success, Cheryl Lentz

Publications

Two components of academic excellence are continuity and predictability (Noddings, 1991; Pierantoni, 2017). Students need academic consistency, especially at the early elementary levels, for optimal learning (Hemmeter et al., 2006; Pierantoni, 2017). Continuity and predictability are interrupted by internal and external factors that are sometimes beyond the control of education stakeholders (Coleman & Collinge, 2006). The unpredictability of crises can negatively affect people and disrupt the education sector and peoples’ livelihoods. Education systems, families, students, and educators struggle to maintain optimal learning environments because of the 2020 pandemic (Coleman & Collinge, 2006). Learning poverty means children are unable to read …


Climate Change And Cop26: Are Digital Technologies And Information Management Part Of The Problem Or The Solution? An Editorial Reflection And Call To Action, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Laurie Hughes, Arpan Kumar Kar, Abdullah M. Baabdullah, Purva Grover, Roba Abbas, Daniela Andreini, Iyad Abumoghli, Yves Barlette, Deborah Bunker, Leona Chandra Kruse, Ioanna Constantiou, Robert M. Davison, Rahul De’, Rameshwar Dubey, Henry Fenby-Taylor, Babita Gupta, Wu He, Mitsuru Kodama, Matti Mäntymäki, Bhimaraya Metri, Katina Michael, Johan Olaisen, Niki Panteli, Samuli Pekkola, Rohit Nishant, Ramakrishnan Raman, Nripendra P. Rana, Frantz Rowe, Suprateek Sarker, Brenda Scholtz, Maung Sein, Jeel Dharmeshkumar Shah, Thompson S.H. Teo, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Morten Thanning Vendelø, Michael Wade Nov 2021

Climate Change And Cop26: Are Digital Technologies And Information Management Part Of The Problem Or The Solution? An Editorial Reflection And Call To Action, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Laurie Hughes, Arpan Kumar Kar, Abdullah M. Baabdullah, Purva Grover, Roba Abbas, Daniela Andreini, Iyad Abumoghli, Yves Barlette, Deborah Bunker, Leona Chandra Kruse, Ioanna Constantiou, Robert M. Davison, Rahul De’, Rameshwar Dubey, Henry Fenby-Taylor, Babita Gupta, Wu He, Mitsuru Kodama, Matti Mäntymäki, Bhimaraya Metri, Katina Michael, Johan Olaisen, Niki Panteli, Samuli Pekkola, Rohit Nishant, Ramakrishnan Raman, Nripendra P. Rana, Frantz Rowe, Suprateek Sarker, Brenda Scholtz, Maung Sein, Jeel Dharmeshkumar Shah, Thompson S.H. Teo, Manoj Kumar Tiwari, Morten Thanning Vendelø, Michael Wade

College of Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

The UN COP26 2021 conference on climate change offers the chance for world leaders to take action and make urgent and meaningful commitments to reducing emissions and limit global temperatures to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. Whilst the political aspects and subsequent ramifications of these fundamental and critical decisions cannot be underestimated, there exists a technical perspective where digital and IS technology has a role to play in the monitoring of potential solutions, but also an integral element of climate change solutions. We explore these aspects in this editorial article, offering a comprehensive opinion based insight to a …


Information Support In The Parliament Environment: Information Audit On E-Paper Service By The Library Of The Indonesian House Of Representatives, Sukmawati Nila Agustin, Muhamad Prabu Wibowo Jan 2021

Information Support In The Parliament Environment: Information Audit On E-Paper Service By The Library Of The Indonesian House Of Representatives, Sukmawati Nila Agustin, Muhamad Prabu Wibowo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

E-Paper service at the Library of the Indonesian House of Representatives (also known as the DPR RI library) provides information on Indonesia's latest issues for experts and parliament members. The service served its main purpose as information support for decision-making and the law and regulation-making processes. This study audited the information resources management on E-Paper services in the DPR RI library and identify problems that arise during the management process. We interviewed 20 informants comprising librarians, library managers, the head of the library, and service users (experts and parliament members). We conducted observations of the events and analyzed the documents …


The Impact Of Big Data And Information Technology On The Accounting Field And Business Environment, Mitchell Kludt May 2020

The Impact Of Big Data And Information Technology On The Accounting Field And Business Environment, Mitchell Kludt

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.


Development Of An It Balanced Scorecard, Theophilus B. A. Addo, Chee W. Chow, Kamal M. Haddad Mar 2019

Development Of An It Balanced Scorecard, Theophilus B. A. Addo, Chee W. Chow, Kamal M. Haddad

[STREAMING^TV] DIJON PSG MATCH EN DIRECT LIVE DU MARDI

There is a generally acknowledged dearth of metrics for effectively measuring organizational performance. This is particularly true of the IT function, whose contribution to a firm's "bottom line" has been frequently called to question. This paper describes the development of a performance measurement tool called the Balanced Scorecard, which can be used to assess IT performance within the cordetU of overall corporate strategy and financial performance. Data for the scorecard was obtained via a sur^'ey of senior IT executives in various organizations. The paper concludes with a set of guidelines for successfully implementing an IT Balanced Scorecard, as well as …


User Perceptions Of The Benefits Of Implementing An Erp System: A Case Study, Jaideep Motwani, Dinesh Mirchandani, Victor E. Sower Sep 2018

User Perceptions Of The Benefits Of Implementing An Erp System: A Case Study, Jaideep Motwani, Dinesh Mirchandani, Victor E. Sower

Dinesh Mirchandani

Given the large time and fitiancial commitment that an ERP project requires and the potential benefits it can offer if successfidly implemented, it is important to understand the factors that facilitate and inhibit the success ofEP,P implementation. By means of a case study of a global energy company, we first examine the factors that facilitate and inhibit the success of their ERP implementation. We draw on the theory of business process change when analyzing the implementation process. Next, we examine the perceptions non-management professional users of the ERP system (who were not members of the ERP implementation team) have of …


Lessons From The Five Data Breaches: Analyzing Framed Crisis Response Strategies And Crisis Severity, Bokyung Kim, Kristine Johnson, Sun-Young Park Jul 2017

Lessons From The Five Data Breaches: Analyzing Framed Crisis Response Strategies And Crisis Severity, Bokyung Kim, Kristine Johnson, Sun-Young Park

College of Communication & Creative Arts Faculty Scholarship

To fill a gap of research that explores cyber crisis management, this study analyzed news stories of the five largest data breaches experienced in 2014 by retailers (i.e. Target, Michaels, Neiman Marcus, Home Depot, and Staples). Corporate crisis communication and its news coverage (n = 64) were evaluated for crisis communication strategies and framed situational factors. Despite companies’ use of multiple strategies, newspapers reported their use of advocate strategies more often. Massmediated crisis response strategies were even different among the five companies. Newspapers also reframed crisis severity and crisis controllability. Finally, our findings addressed the key to dealing with the …


Human Resource Professionals As Strategic Leaders — A Behavioral Opportunity For Improving Information Management, Cam Caldwell, Ken Kalala Ndalamba Jan 2017

Human Resource Professionals As Strategic Leaders — A Behavioral Opportunity For Improving Information Management, Cam Caldwell, Ken Kalala Ndalamba

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

Human Resource Management is an often overlooked and underutilized strategic tool that has the potential to shape organizational objectives. Authors Caldwell and Ndalamba attempt to identify when, where, and in what fashion HR sources can be more fully utilized to coordinate and fully develop an entity’s interlinking structure to achieve a successful, common purpose.


How Are Concerns About Errors And Ethics Related To Demands For Information Systems Audits?, Joseph S. Mollick Ph. D Oct 2015

How Are Concerns About Errors And Ethics Related To Demands For Information Systems Audits?, Joseph S. Mollick Ph. D

Communications of the IIMA

What factors affect individuals' demands that information systems (IS) audits are implemented in the organizations with which they do business? Using concepts and constructs from theoretical literature on individuals’ concerns about organizational information management practices, we build a theoretical model that can explain and predict individuals' demand for information systems audit in organizations. Using data from U. S. university students, we empirically test two hypotheses using a multiple regression model. It was found that students’ concern about error in data and their concern about organizational ethics of information management positively affect students’ demand for IS audit at U. S. universities.


Developing Mutually Beneficial Relationships Between Researchers And Organizations, Timothy R. Hinkin, Brooks C. Holtom, Malvina Klag Apr 2015

Developing Mutually Beneficial Relationships Between Researchers And Organizations, Timothy R. Hinkin, Brooks C. Holtom, Malvina Klag

Timothy R. Hinkin

[Excerpt] The keys to organizational success are constantly changing. As the global economy evolves in the direction of knowledge-based enterprise, the ability to create and manage information is essential. The decisions that managers make have large operational and financial implications. However, managers often lack the information needed to make sound decisions. When faced with challenges in their organizations they may rely too heavily on personal experience or obsolete knowledge. Often, they turn to consultants for assistance. There are a large number of academics who study issues important to managers, yet the results of their work are often not communicated effectively …


Evaluating The Usability Of Union Web Sites In The United States: A Case Study, Christopher M. Lowery, Nicholas A. Beadles Ii Jan 2015

Evaluating The Usability Of Union Web Sites In The United States: A Case Study, Christopher M. Lowery, Nicholas A. Beadles Ii

Communications of the IIMA

Union membership has undergone a dramatic decline and some have hailed the internet as a means for unions to reverse their membership declines. This study examines the usability of union websites. The content of union websites has been analyzed, but the usefulness of that content, and the overall usability of the websites, has not been assessed. In order for unions to fully utilize the internet and realize the potential benefits of cyberspace usage, they must provide websites that users find easy to use and that provide useful content. This study employs Hassan and Li's (2005) benchmarking approach in order to …


Relieving The Overloaded Help Desk: A Knowledge Management Approach, Nelson K.Y. Leung, Sim Kim Lau Jan 2015

Relieving The Overloaded Help Desk: A Knowledge Management Approach, Nelson K.Y. Leung, Sim Kim Lau

Communications of the IIMA

The establishment of an organizational help desk (HD) is to provide technical support to users when they encounter technical problems related to hardware, software and network connections. Due to the lack of resources, users often have to wait for a considerably long time before their enquiries and problems are answered and solved. This paper discusses the background of HD and its existing challenges. The application of Knowledge Management (KM) techniques and Knowledge Management System (KMS) enables HD to manage its knowledge effectively. In addition, the combination is capable of relieving the overloaded HD by shifting some of the troubleshooting responsibilities …


Web Design: Elements Of Effective Communication, Kurt Collins, Anthony Coulson, Jake Zhu, C.E. Tapie Rohm, Walt Stewart Jan 2015

Web Design: Elements Of Effective Communication, Kurt Collins, Anthony Coulson, Jake Zhu, C.E. Tapie Rohm, Walt Stewart

Communications of the IIMA

The rapid evolution of information technology over the past several decades has opened many new and unique modes of communication. Clearly, the web is one such technology. However, it is quite possible that a fascination with the technology per se can hinder participants from one of its main functions— effective communication. The following essay explores a return to the basics of designing an effective web-based communication strategy. The key components of this strategy are: 1) consistent look and feel, 2) conceptual consistency, and 3) positive attention.


Feasible Task Schedules With Minimum Project Cost Solved By A Genetic Algorithm, Michael L. Gargano, Louis V. Quintas Jan 2015

Feasible Task Schedules With Minimum Project Cost Solved By A Genetic Algorithm, Michael L. Gargano, Louis V. Quintas

Communications of the IIMA

Suppose that a project consists of n separate tasks and one and only one task can be completed in one time period. However, since some tasks can be started only before others have been completed, only feasible task schedules are considered. There is a cost associated with the time at which a task is completed and the project cost is equal to the sum of all the task costs. How can a feasible task schedule with minimum project cost be found for completing the entire project? This research proposes using a genetic algorithm to solve this problem efficiently.


Bioinetric And Systems Security: An Overview Of End-To-End Security System, Emmanuel Opara, Mohammad Rob, Vance Etnyre Jan 2015

Bioinetric And Systems Security: An Overview Of End-To-End Security System, Emmanuel Opara, Mohammad Rob, Vance Etnyre

Communications of the IIMA

As online security threats continue to spread, protecting valuable data becomes one of the security challenges businesses face in today's business-to-customer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) ecommerce. Biometrics technology shows increased promise in enterprise network security. It will play a vital role as system developers fortify the security apparatus of its organization. In this paper, we analyze biometrics technologies and describe techniques that can be utilized to decrease the probabilities of online attacks.


Integrating Technology To Achieve A Measurable Level Of Learning, Dawn Morgan, S. A. Humphries, Tanya B. Goette Jan 2015

Integrating Technology To Achieve A Measurable Level Of Learning, Dawn Morgan, S. A. Humphries, Tanya B. Goette

Communications of the IIMA

The purpose of this paper is to detail the barriers to the integration of technology in US school systems. The harriers experienced by both individual teachers and to school systems as a whole are discussed. Student barriers, such as computer skill levels or poverty, are also discussed. In addition, this paper explains how technology should be used and the measurable benefits of doing so. Measurable benefits reported in the literature include increased performance on measures of reading comprehension, writing, components of IQ, transfer to novel tasks, and grade point average. Closing comments focus on how technology integration must be an …


Voip Adoption: Issues & Concerns, Sathasivam Mathiyalakan Jan 2015

Voip Adoption: Issues & Concerns, Sathasivam Mathiyalakan

Communications of the IIMA

VoIP is a relatively new technology. Current research suggests that firms are using VoIP technology to cut costs, to improve productivity, and the firm's strategic position. The literature is rich with "how to " articles and a discussion ofpossible benefits, costs, and implementation barriers. But, very few academic studies exist. The purpose of this study is to identify and present the issues related to VoIP adoption and implementation.


An Examination Of Web Site Accessibility Issues, Melissa Bundrick, Tanya Goette, S. A. Humphries, Dale Young Jan 2015

An Examination Of Web Site Accessibility Issues, Melissa Bundrick, Tanya Goette, S. A. Humphries, Dale Young

Communications of the IIMA

The Web is becoming more important for communication andfor data access. Unfortunately, not all Web sites are accessible for all users. Web accessibility is concerned with overcoming the barriers that users with disabilities face when they try to access information on Web sites. Currently, for disabled users, the Web presents many barriers that make it dijfiult to use. These barriers can be addressed by organizational commitment and by improved development techniques. This paper examines how Web accessibility standards and legal mandates are affecting the design of corporate and governmental Web sites, and how the rate of adoption can be improved …


Software Development: Cowboy Or Samurai, Charmayne Cullom, Richard Cullom Jan 2015

Software Development: Cowboy Or Samurai, Charmayne Cullom, Richard Cullom

Communications of the IIMA

Much has been written about the failure of software development projects. The importance of good software to business cannot be underestimated. A major issue is quality of the software being written and produced. Over the years, the emphasis for improvement in software development has been to change the process. Unified Modeling Language is but one of a long line of changes in software development process starting with structured programming introduced in the seventies to object oriented programming in nineties. However, several software development experts have begun to assert that the problem may not be with the process employed but rather …


To Catch A Thief Ii: Computer Forensics In The Classroom, Anna Carlin, Steven S. Curl, Daniel Manson Jan 2015

To Catch A Thief Ii: Computer Forensics In The Classroom, Anna Carlin, Steven S. Curl, Daniel Manson

Communications of the IIMA

The subject of computer forensics is still new and both challenging and intriguing for students. Cal Poly Pomona has offered this course since September of 2004. The course involves both the technical and legal aspects of investigative procedures as applied to digital evidence. For the instructor, it can involve challenges not found in other areas of information systems. This paper discusses some of the triumphs and pitfalls of including computer forensics as part of an undergraduate information assurance curriculum.


Competing Next Generation Wireless Technologies, Warren Adis Jan 2015

Competing Next Generation Wireless Technologies, Warren Adis

Communications of the IIMA

Wireless computing is facing a choice concerning the next telecommunication standard. Two of the new and competing protocol standards for local area and personal networking are 802.1 In and Ultra Wide Band. Each one has its own strengths and weaknesses and both will change wireless networking by dramatically increasing the transmission speed, the QoS and the security of the broadcast. Yet decisions have to be made about which protocol to adopt. The choice rests on a deeper understanding of each protocol, its evolution, compatibility and future direction. This paper analyzes these two competing protocols, discussing their performance and probability for …


Monitoring Sale Transactions For Illegal Activity, Robert J. Richardson Jan 2015

Monitoring Sale Transactions For Illegal Activity, Robert J. Richardson

Communications of the IIMA

Discriminant analysis and neural network methodologies were applied to the problem of identifying illegal sales transactions. The researchers independently developed models using data provided by a cr^it card company. A series of measures were developed and used to construct the models. The final results were that the discriminant analysis model recognized 32.3% of the fraudulent activity, while the neural network approach found 28.9%. With only 11.6% of the transactions in common, the combination of the two models identified 49.6%i. In order to provide a real time monitoring program, the models were simplified yielding a capture rate of approximately 42%.


The Evolution Of An Internet Market Exchange And Value System: Examples From The Motion Control Industry, William Lightfoot, James Harris Jan 2015

The Evolution Of An Internet Market Exchange And Value System: Examples From The Motion Control Industry, William Lightfoot, James Harris

Communications of the IIMA

This manuscript examines the evolution of internet value systems in the motion control industry. We believe the primary reason behind the inconsistent performance of that industry's adoption of the internet in the supply channel was largely due to poor strategy. Using a the concepts of bias exchanges and game theory it is suggested that intemet strategies such as disintermediation and first-mover advantage were elusive because firms focused too much on technology and not enough on customer value. Lessons for managers and future decisions are offered.


The Impact Of Mergers And Acquisitions On Information Systems: A Case Of A Software Industry Acquisition, Jeffrey Hsu, Edward T. Chen Jan 2015

The Impact Of Mergers And Acquisitions On Information Systems: A Case Of A Software Industry Acquisition, Jeffrey Hsu, Edward T. Chen

Communications of the IIMA

A company named Syscom was recently acquired by another company, Matcom. Both companies were focused on software development in similar markets, however, the Management Information Systems (MIS) decisions made by each company have resulted in significant differences as to how employees go about the business of developing, selling and supporting software. This paper highlights how Information Systems (IS) decisions made at these two companies enabled different ways for people to work together along with affecting various aspects of business operations and team communications. In addition, this paper presents issues with the integration of Syscom with the Matcom IS structure as …


The Utilization Of Communication Technologies By Study Abroad Participants, S. A. Humphries, Kimberly Cowert, Catherine Whelan Jan 2015

The Utilization Of Communication Technologies By Study Abroad Participants, S. A. Humphries, Kimberly Cowert, Catherine Whelan

Communications of the IIMA

This pilot project was designed to evaluate study abroad participants' degree of homesickness and use of communication channels, specifically telephone and email. A questionnaire was developed to assess several dimensions involved with studying abroad, including degree of culture shock and homesickness, and frequency and methods of communicating home. Respondents were 14 study abroad participants from a medium-sized southern university, including 4 males and 10 females. Based on the findings of this study, homesickness and degree of culture shock were related as measured by the items of strain, helpless, missing, accepted, escape, and shock. As hypothesized, students who reported being homesick …


The Micro-Multinational - A Model For Small Internationa! Business, William E. Gerbacia, Bryan E. Gerbacia Jan 2015

The Micro-Multinational - A Model For Small Internationa! Business, William E. Gerbacia, Bryan E. Gerbacia

Communications of the IIMA

With the recent advances in telecommunications networking and teleconferencing software, small companies can become more cost competitive by outsourcing appropriate functions to lower wage countries. Ad-Station Systems is a startup media advertising company that provides a number of online and off-line advertising services. The online product offering requires support and programming. It was decided to evaluate whether these functions could be provided from a foreign location. An industrial dynamics model indicated that this is a viable option. The processes were designed and documented, and are described here.


A Full Life Cycle Defect Process Model That Supports Defect Tracking, Software Product Cycles, And Test Iterations, Jim Nindel-Edwards, Gerhard Steinke Jan 2015

A Full Life Cycle Defect Process Model That Supports Defect Tracking, Software Product Cycles, And Test Iterations, Jim Nindel-Edwards, Gerhard Steinke

Communications of the IIMA

There are a variety of models, methods and tools to help organizations manage defects found in the development of software. Defect tracking and processing must be integrated in the project life cycle and the testing process for software. This paper reviews a number of defect models and proposes the Full Life Cycle Defect Process model to manage defects that supports defect, project, and test processes. We describe the various states in our model and provide examples of various scenarios and paths through the model.