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Articles 1 - 30 of 64
Full-Text Articles in Business
Evaluating The Effectiveness And Efficiency Of U.S. Foreign Aid, Rebecca Baley
Evaluating The Effectiveness And Efficiency Of U.S. Foreign Aid, Rebecca Baley
Selected Honors Theses
The U.S. is the top spender in the world when it comes to foreign aid, sending billions of dollars around the world each year. There are many different goals and objectives that the U.S. government hopes to accomplish with their spending. This paper is structured as an extended literature review analyzing previous literature on the topic of U.S. foreign aid spending and the results of these funds around the world to test the effectiveness and efficiency. The process of how the foreign aid budget is set will also be discussed as well as the history of why the U.S. started …
Religious Tourism Demand And Country Prosperity: An Empirical Study Of Saudi Arabia, Eman Mealith Alanzi, Nada Kulendran, Thu-Huong Nguyen
Religious Tourism Demand And Country Prosperity: An Empirical Study Of Saudi Arabia, Eman Mealith Alanzi, Nada Kulendran, Thu-Huong Nguyen
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage
This study examines the impact of destination prosperity level on religious tourism flows to Saudi Arabia. The model was empirically tested for a panel of 21 countries from 2000 to 2019. Dynamic panel gravity models were estimated using the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) difference approach. The study found that the human rights index and prosperity index, word of mouth, Saudi Arabian income, origin country income and investment in tourism at the destination all had a positive and significant impact on religious tourism demand. In contrast, the cost of travel and cost of living at the destination, political risk, visa …
Case Study 1: Trauma-Informed Care For Children And Young People Who Have Been Trafficked: From Theory To Practice
Journal of Nonprofit Innovation
Human trafficking is known as modern day slavery, and it is a human rights violation that impacts millions of children and young people (CYP) around the globe. “Research suggests a high prevalence of physical and mental health consequences from the trauma experienced, with potentially profound neuro-developmental and life-long health consequences for survivors. Trauma-informed care (TIC), which aims to meet the complex and unique needs of trauma survivors, is suggested as a way of working with trafficked CYP.” There is currently little research on the needs of trafficked children and young people and how to address these needs by implementing TIC …
Youth Participation: Adultism, Human Rights And Professional Youth Work, Tim Corney, Trudi Cooper, Harry Shier, Howard Williamson
Youth Participation: Adultism, Human Rights And Professional Youth Work, Tim Corney, Trudi Cooper, Harry Shier, Howard Williamson
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
This article argues that the right of young people to participate in decisions being made about them forms the basis for professional youth work practice. The authors consider the nature of ‘participation’ and its relation to human rights, and introduces the concept of ‘adultism’ and the challenges for youth workers combatting ‘adultist’ beliefs and practices in the work of participation. The paper considers the benefits and limitations of youth participation models, and addresses the relationship between rights-based participation practice, and critical pedagogy (dialogical) in youth work.
China Inc. And The World's Response, Shaomin Li
China Inc. And The World's Response, Shaomin Li
Management Faculty Publications
This article is based on the author’s new book, China, Inc.: How the Chinese Communist Party Transformed China into a Giant Corporation (Cambridge University Press, 2022). The author argues that leveraging its absolute power, low human rights advantage, and tolerance by other countries, the Chinese Communist Party has transformed China into a giant corporation. Living, working, and investing are not rights but privileges granted by the party. The party is the management of China, Inc., with the politburo standing committee as the board of directors and the party’s general secretary as the CEO. The various ministries are the functional departments …
Learning Amid Disruption: Bouncing Forward Into A Changed World, Rachel Reichenbach, Jewlya Lynn, Jen Heeg
Learning Amid Disruption: Bouncing Forward Into A Changed World, Rachel Reichenbach, Jewlya Lynn, Jen Heeg
The Foundation Review
The philanthropic sector has come to recognize the importance of bringing a systems lens to its work, seeking to influence upstream drivers of complex problems, and being adaptive in its approaches instead of implementing static, multiyear plans. Yet, integrating these concepts into practice continues to pose a challenge.
Humanity United — a foundation dedicated to cultivating the conditions for enduring freedom and peace — had been grappling with this charge when the disruption caused by COVID-19 led it into a crisis response mode in 2020, similar to many other philanthropic institutions. That disruption also challenged our old ways of being, …
Hope Versus Reality: The Efficacy Of Using Us Military Aid To Improve Human Rights In Egypt, Gregory L. Aftandilian
Hope Versus Reality: The Efficacy Of Using Us Military Aid To Improve Human Rights In Egypt, Gregory L. Aftandilian
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Using US military aid as a lever to achieve human rights reforms has proven only marginally effective. This article examines the approaches employed by the Obama and Trump administrations to US military aid to Egypt and proposes practical steps that can be taken by policymakers and the military personnel on the ground to advance US human rights values.
Exploring The Effect Of The Ruggie Framework For Human Rights, Louise Rosenmeier, Peter Neergaard
Exploring The Effect Of The Ruggie Framework For Human Rights, Louise Rosenmeier, Peter Neergaard
The International Journal of Ethical Leadership
No abstract provided.
Reforming The Global Value Chain Through Transnational Private Regulation, Kishanthi Parella
Reforming The Global Value Chain Through Transnational Private Regulation, Kishanthi Parella
Kish Parella
In many industries, corporations have changed the organization of their production from a vertically integrated model to a model that is often characterized by outsourcing-shifting business activities to external parties -and offshoring, where production occurs at sites overseas. The global value chain (GVC) for an American corporation often involves several tiers of suppliers. One end of the GVC is often occupied by a multinational buyer (MNB), such as a large brand name corporation. At the opposite end of the value chain are the factories, farms, and other production sites that supply multinational corporations with their goods. This organization of production …
The Trafficking Victim Protection Act: The Best Hope For International Human Rights Litigation In The U.S. Courts?, Sara Sun Beale
The Trafficking Victim Protection Act: The Best Hope For International Human Rights Litigation In The U.S. Courts?, Sara Sun Beale
Faculty Scholarship
The article focuses on uses Alien Tort Statute as a vehicle for litigating human rights abuses in both civil and criminal prosecutions in the U.S. Topics discussed include developments in International Criminal Law in addressing human rights violations; judicial attitudes that could affect the interpretation of the Trafficking Victim Protection Act; and Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain court case on the same.
Introduction: The Enduring Power Of Collective Rights, In Labor Law Stories, Catherine L. Fisk, Laura J. Cooper
Introduction: The Enduring Power Of Collective Rights, In Labor Law Stories, Catherine L. Fisk, Laura J. Cooper
Catherine Fisk
No abstract provided.
Community Land Trusts: A Help Or Hindrance To Community Development In The United States, Andrew Kuka
Community Land Trusts: A Help Or Hindrance To Community Development In The United States, Andrew Kuka
Stevenson Center for Community and Economic Development—Student Research
The availability of affordable housing in the United States continues to be an issue for Americans who are on the brink of homelessness, rely on housing subsidies, or struggle to pay their mortgages or rents. These issues, as well as the gentrification threat that community development poses to low-income residents can have deleterious effects on democratic participation and community development efforts. One proposed solution to these problems is the implementation of more community land trust programs nationally. This paper will assess the practicality of CLTs, and what such an implementation would mean for individuals, government entities, community members, and community …
Governance Interactions In Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Errol Meidinger
Governance Interactions In Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Errol Meidinger
Transnational Business Governance Interactions Working Papers
“Supply chains” are a major site of transnational business governance, and yet their dynamics and effectiveness are usually more assumed than interrogated in regulatory governance discourse. The very term “chain” implies a more determinist and simplistic understanding of supply relationships than is empirically supportable. Supply chains in practice are complex, dynamic, and highly variable networks. Based on peer-group presentations by over 60 supply chain professionals, this paper analyzes sustainable supply chain management practices in terms of the interactions conceptions of the Transnational Business Governance Interactions framework. It discusses possible refinements of the framework and suggests that sustainable supply chain management …
Coming Together For Human Rights, Lance A. Compa
Coming Together For Human Rights, Lance A. Compa
Lance A Compa
Trade unionists and human rights advocates started analysing antiunion tactics as violations of international human rights standards. They decided to reargue American labour law on a human rights foundation
Social Movement Organization And Robust Action: Creating A Pre-Movement In A Movement-Inhibiting Environment, Yanfei Hu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Social movements are extra-institutional forces that stimulate institutional and social change. Research has emphasized political opportunities, consciousness and organizational readiness as critical conditions for movements. In this thesis, I argue that such a conceptualization couches agency under structure, and does not explain how activists may create movement potentiality when none of the aforementioned conditions exist. This omission is significant because many movements can be traced to a pre-movement period when one (or a few) activist group(s) operated in movement-inhibiting environments to create conditions that enable future movements. In particular, the current literature lacks insights regarding the following question: How does …
A Response To The Ais Bright Ict Initiative, Glen Sagers, Douglas P. Twitchell
A Response To The Ais Bright Ict Initiative, Glen Sagers, Douglas P. Twitchell
IT and Supply Chain Management Faculty Publications and Presentations
In 2015, the President of the Associate for Information Systems introduced the Bright ICT Initiative (Lee 2015), which provides a framework for improving Internet security based on four principles: origin responsibility, deliverer responsibility, rule-based digital search warrants, and traceable anonymity. We review these principles and show that at least three of these principles are at odds with the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the founding principles of the Internet and may actually decrease individual security. We conclude giving suggestions for developing principles more in line with human rights.
Memo To Prime Minister Cameron On The Revision Of The U.K. National Action Plan On Business And Human Rights, Kaitlin Y. Cordes, Sam Szoke-Burke
Memo To Prime Minister Cameron On The Revision Of The U.K. National Action Plan On Business And Human Rights, Kaitlin Y. Cordes, Sam Szoke-Burke
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications
In July 2015, CCSI sent a memo to U.K. Prime Minister David Cameron to provide input on the 2015 revision of the U.K. National Action Plan on business and human rights, originally published in 2013. The memo applauded the U.K. Government’s early adoption of a National Action Plan consistent with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, noting that responsible and rights-respecting outward investment can support sustainable development in host countries, and that the U.K. Government has an important role to play in promoting responsible business operations. The memo urged the government to highlight the importance of land …
Reforming The Global Value Chain Through Transnational Private Regulation, Kishanthi Parella
Reforming The Global Value Chain Through Transnational Private Regulation, Kishanthi Parella
Scholarly Articles
In many industries, corporations have changed the organization of their production from a vertically integrated model to a model that is often characterized by outsourcing-shifting business activities to external parties -and offshoring, where production occurs at sites overseas. The global value chain (GVC) for an American corporation often involves several tiers of suppliers. One end of the GVC is often occupied by a multinational buyer (MNB), such as a large brand name corporation. At the opposite end of the value chain are the factories, farms, and other production sites that supply multinational corporations with their goods. This organization of production …
Racism Vs. Social Capital: A Case Study Of Two Majority Black Communities, Bruce W. Strouble
Racism Vs. Social Capital: A Case Study Of Two Majority Black Communities, Bruce W. Strouble
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Several researchers have identified social capital as a means to improve the social sustainability of communities. While there have been many studies investigating the benefits of social capital in homogeneous White communities, few have examined it in Black homogeneous communities. Also, there has been limited research on the influence of racism on social capital in African American communities. In this dissertation a comparative case study was used within a critical race theory framework. The purpose was to explore the role of racial oppression in shaping social capital in majority African American communities. Data were collected from 2 majority Black communities …
Meeting Summary Of Colloquium On Policy, Law, Contracts, And Sustainable Development, Columbia Center On Sustainable Investment
Meeting Summary Of Colloquium On Policy, Law, Contracts, And Sustainable Development, Columbia Center On Sustainable Investment
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications
In November 2014, CCSI and the Institute for Human Rights and Business co-convened a colloquium on policy, law, contracts, and sustainable development, with a particular focus on large-scale investments in the extractive industries and the agriculture sector. The colloquium provided an opportunity for practitioners to share information on their related work, as well as to reflect on current practices and remaining gaps regarding efforts to embed sustainability and human rights into large-scale deals. This outcome document provides a summary of the discussion, while its annex includes information on participants’ relevant programs, initiatives, and tools.
A Review Of Inhuman Conditions: On Cosmopolitanism And Human Rights, Jessica Browne
A Review Of Inhuman Conditions: On Cosmopolitanism And Human Rights, Jessica Browne
e-Research: A Journal of Undergraduate Work
Pheng Cheah's book Inhuman Conditions: On Cosmopolitanism and Human Rights connects globalization and cosmopolitanism to the humanities in an effort to understand the nature of humanity itself. At its core, Cheah's arguments seem to relate to the quote from his book, "Humanity . . . is, after all, an interminable work of collaboration and comparison."[1] He makes his way through various stages of discourse. First, he presents theconcept of new cosmopolitanism as a departure from the cosmopolitanism of Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx. He positions new cosmopolitanism within an intellectual and philosophical paradigm relative to nationalism and cosmopolitanism as "vehicles …
Movimientos Obreros Y Por Los Derechos Humanos En América Latina: Convergencia, Divergencia Y Consecuencias Para La Promoción De Los Derechos Económicos, Sociales Y Culturales [Labor Movements And Human Rights In Latin America: Convergence, Divergence, And The Implications For The Promotion Of Economic, Social And Cultural Rights], Maria Lorena Cook
Maria Lorena Cook
[Excerpt] Los derechos propios del trabajo forman parte de los derechos humanos hace mucho tiempo y gozan del reconocimiento de pactos internacionales. La Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos, adoptada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, en 1948, enumera los derechos a condiciones de trabajo justas y favorables; a igual remuneración por trabajo de igual valor; a una remuneración equitativa y favorable, y a formar sindicatos y afiliarse a ellos. El Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos (PIDCP) incluye los derechos a la libertad de asociación y a formar sindicatos y afiliarse a ellos. El Pacto Internacional de Derechos …
Business, Human Rights, And Corporate Social Responsibility, Lindsay Smith, Ashley Wolf, Victoria Mueller
Business, Human Rights, And Corporate Social Responsibility, Lindsay Smith, Ashley Wolf, Victoria Mueller
The Research and Scholarship Symposium (2013-2019)
This presentation is a review of the literature on business and human rights and Corporate Social Responsibility. Globalization has lead to human rights and business being a combined topic. The United Nations and other countries have began to recognize human rights with labor regulations due to the misconduct in applied legislation. Our research focuses on the country of Myanmar also known as Burma. The United States in particular has had a long history working with Myanmar. During the 2000's American companies have been developing strict labor policies. Through research, companies discovered that implementing business policies and labor regulations programs increase …
The Alien Tort Statute Of 1789 And International Human Rights Violations: Kiobel V. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Paula Alexander Becker
The Alien Tort Statute Of 1789 And International Human Rights Violations: Kiobel V. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., Paula Alexander Becker
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. involves an action under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). The case was brought in the United States, Southern District of New York, by the widow of Dr. Barinem Kiobel, a Nigerian activist and member of the Ogoni tribe, and others for human rights violations committed in the Niger River Delta. Defendants include Royal Dutch Petroleum, Shell Transport and Trading Co., and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Although the human rights violations including murder and torture were allegedly committed by the Nigerian military government, it is claimed that the Royal Dutch Petroleum defendants aided …
Shareholder Engagement And Chevron’S Policy 520 On Human Rights: The Role Played By The United States Jesuit Conference’S “National Jesuit Committee On Investment Responsibility”, Nicholas J. C. Santos, John Sealey, Austin G. C. Onuoha
Shareholder Engagement And Chevron’S Policy 520 On Human Rights: The Role Played By The United States Jesuit Conference’S “National Jesuit Committee On Investment Responsibility”, Nicholas J. C. Santos, John Sealey, Austin G. C. Onuoha
Marketing Faculty Research and Publications
Purpose
To demonstrate how the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in the United States through the “National Jesuit Committee on Investment Responsibility” played a significant role as a socially conscious institutional and religious investor in influencing Chevron’s Human Rights Policy 520 and to analyze the factors that contributed to a successful shareholder engagement with the company.
Methodology/approach
Case study based on firsthand information.
Findings
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Our conclusion offers support for Allen et al.’s (2012) conclusion of legitimacy (credibility) being the dominant force in a successful engagement.
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We found that coalition-building is a significant moderating variable in increasing shareholder salience. This finding contradicts …
Economic Empowerment Through Income Generating Activities And Social Mobilization: The Case Of Married Amhara Women Of Wadla Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia, Belete Deribie Woldegies
Economic Empowerment Through Income Generating Activities And Social Mobilization: The Case Of Married Amhara Women Of Wadla Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia, Belete Deribie Woldegies
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
Wadla Woreda is located in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. The woreda is predominantly agrarian and the population produces mainly subsistence food crops with small amounts of cash crops. Access to basic social and economic services such as health, education, and employment for rural communities is limited due to poor development of rural infrastructure. Wadla is one of the food insecure woredas in the region. As a result some of the people are internally displaced and a portion of the population is included in safety-net programs. The Wadla Woreda is prone to famine due to severe droughts, soil …
Solidarity And Rights: Two To Tango: A Response To Joseph A. Mccartin, Lance Compa
Solidarity And Rights: Two To Tango: A Response To Joseph A. Mccartin, Lance Compa
Lance A Compa
[Excerpt] Thanks to Joseph McCartin for advancing this debate with an insightful critique of the workers’-rights-as-human-rights framework and for his generous treatment of the series of Human Rights Watch reports in which I had a hand. McCartin so fairly presents the human rights case, even while disagreeing with it, that it’s hard to respond without simply borrowing from his framing of my own views. But I’ll try.
Upstream Corporate Social Responsibility: The Evolution From Contract Responsibility To Full Producer Responsibility, Judith Schrempf-Stirling, Guido Palazzo
Upstream Corporate Social Responsibility: The Evolution From Contract Responsibility To Full Producer Responsibility, Judith Schrempf-Stirling, Guido Palazzo
Management Faculty Publications
The debate about the appropriate standards for upstream corporate social responsibility (CSR) of multinational corporations (MNCs) has been on the public and academic agenda for some three decades. The debate originally focused narrowly on “contract responsibility” of MNCs for monitoring of upstream contractors for “sweatshop” working conditions violating employee rights. The authors argue that the MNC upstream responsibility debate has shifted qualitatively over time to “full producer responsibility” involving an expansion from “contract responsibility” in three distinct dimensions. First, there is an expansion of scope from working conditions to human rights and social and environmental impacts broadly defined. Second, there …
India - Censorship For A Good Cause?, Judith Schrempf-Stirling
India - Censorship For A Good Cause?, Judith Schrempf-Stirling
Robins Case Network
Information technology (IT) companies face significant censorship challenges in countries such as China and India. This case deals with the ethical issues associated with government censorship, and specifically whether corporations that comply with such censorship are complicit in violating basic human rights. The context is India, and the case provides a summary of relevant cultural and legal issues in this very turbulent country.
Roche’S Clinical Trials With Organs From Prisoners: Does Profit Trump Morals?, Judith Schrempf-Stirling
Roche’S Clinical Trials With Organs From Prisoners: Does Profit Trump Morals?, Judith Schrempf-Stirling
Management Faculty Publications
This case study discusses the economic, legal, and ethical considerations for conducting clinical trials in a controversial context. In 2010, pharmaceutical giant Roche received a shame award by the Swiss non-governmental organization Berne Declaration and Greenpeace for conducting clinical trials with organs taken from executed prisoners in China. The company respected local regulations and industry ethical standards. However, medical associations condemned organs from executed prisoners on moral grounds. Human rights organizations demanded that Roche ended its clinical trials in China immediately. Students are expected to review the economic and ethical issues regarding the outsourcing of clinical trials to controversial human …