Business Commons^™

Navigating Challenges For Locally Produced Food, Paul Cook

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

There is much interest in locally produced food and the benefits it can have on communities across the state of Kansas. By interviewing city managers, we have identified some of the unique factors and challenges that city officials face when considering their community’s local food systems. Through interview and survey data, we sensed that there is a desire for more local food in communities but lack of resources, lack of policies and the nature of large commodity agriculture in Kansas appear as challenges. Ad-hoc groups coming from schools, churches, and committees at the county level make up the majority of …

An Exploratory Study On The Use Of Artificial Intelligence For Tourism Marketing In The Midwest, Callyn Anderson, Marisol Banda, Katie Hale

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Rural tourism plays a significant role in fostering economic development, preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable practices. It creates employment opportunities for local residents, both directly in the tourism sector and indirectly in supporting industries. Marketing tourism in rural communities requires a strategic approach that highlights the unique aspects of the area, promotes sustainable practices, and engages potential visitors. A strong understanding of marketing tools and techniques are critical in the usage of marketing ("); border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; background-size: 5px; font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Book Antiqua", "Book Antiqua_EmbeddedFont", "Book Antiqua_MSFontService", "Book Antiqua_MSFontService", Calibri, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0px; font-kerning: normal; line-height: 6px; …

Understanding Implications Of Restaurants In A Post-Pandemic World:​ A Tourism And Hospitality Case Study For La Tasca, Callyn Anderson, Marisol Banda, Katie Hale

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

The impact of COVID-19 has had implications for every single lifestyle and business (Sharma et al., 2022). Not only did it impact the economy, but the service industry took the brunt of it. The industries most affected by COVID-19 over the period January 2020 to January 2022 included “airlines, automobiles, energy equipment and services, hotels-restaurants-leisure, and specialty retail (Vidovic, 2022). When airlines and recreation parts of the industry did not return to pre- pandemic levels in November of 2021, the United States saw a reflection of the appeal for more local tourism (Linn et al., 2022). Local tourism, including restaurants, …

Games To Grades: Evaluation Of Psychological Capital, Emotional Intelligence, And Virtual Team Performance Among Project Teams, Ryan Will, Brent J. Goertzen, Magdalene Moy

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Group projects are frequently used in higher education courses to facilitate collaboration; however, group effectiveness can vary greatly, resulting in individual stress and poor academic performance. To alleviate this, some instructors utilize peer evaluation. While instructors are well intentioned these rubrics rarely, if ever, are grounded in the constructs of collaboration that they wish to foster. This research poster reports on an ongoing project to develop a self and peer evaluation grounded in psychological capital and emotional intelligence, the EQ-PSY Evaluation. These constructs were selected based on their dimensions for individual and social capacities to capture effective teamwork.

This poster …

Is Average Home Stadium Attendance Determined By A Team Payroll?, Jessica Saunders, Nate Egan, Samuel Schreyer

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

We investigate how owner spending (team payroll) affects team attendance in 2022 in Major League Baseball. There are many factors that determine win percentage, so we controlled for win percentage, number of all-stars per team, city population, and which league the team is affiliated with (American League or National League). Attendance is an important revenue generator for teams, and MLB would like to enhance its ability to generate revenue. Average fan attendance is the dependent variable, while team payroll is the primary explanatory variable. The model provides evidence that indicates there is a relationship between team payroll and attendance numbers …

Does The Budget Of A Movie Have An Impact On Income?, Luciana Mendoza, Fiorella Mendez, Samuel Schreyer

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Numerous sources in the field have discussed the positive correlation between movie budgets and the box office income of movies. This research paper aims to examine further the effects budget has on the income success of movies. To achieve this objective, we have extracted data on the most popular movies globally from the International Movie Database (IMDb). The data utilizes information between the years 2019 to 2022. The dependent variable, INCOME, is controlling for various independent variables, which are BUDGET (in millions of dollars), RATING (on a scale of 1-10), and RUNTIME (in minutes). Furthermore, our categorical variables are MONTH …

Junior Faculty Advising For Effective Student Growth And Academic Success: A Qualitative Study, Noreen Powers, Russell Wartalski

Teacher-Scholar: The Journal of the State Comprehensive University

Supporting the academic advising needs of adult learners is paramount for colleges and universities. Research suggests that the faculty advisor's role is pivotal in students' academic progress. At both the undergraduate and graduate levels, faculty advisors are tasked with supporting adult learners in achieving their professional goals and providing resources to ensure their academic success. Specifically, they help students navigate curriculum requirements and provide support both inside and outside the classroom. The tasks and responsibilities associated with faculty advising can vary based on the institution type and program needs. However, junior faculty who take on advising responsibilities at regional public …

Customer-Based University Branding As A Survival Strategy Used By State Universities In Zimbabwe In The Face Of Foreign Competition., Frank Gwavuya, Dzidziso Kamuriwo

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Customer-based branding is a critical branding approach for almost any organisation. This is also true for state universities, particularly those in Zimbabwe. State-owned universities in Zimbabwe do not receive adequate funding from the Government of Zimbabwe, which is financially challenged owing to a national economy that has been performing poorly for close to fifteen (15) years. Against this background, state owned universities find themselves increasingly obliged to compete for students in order to raise revenue to finance their daily operations as well as capital expenditure. The aim of this study was twofold: to investigate the impact of customer-based branding as …

Maximizing Shareholder Value? Spotify Direct Public Offering, Hoje Jo, John Throne, Michael Fieber

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

The typical method of going public has traditionally been an initial public offering (IPO), whereby a company works with an underwriter syndication to establish a price at which shares will be offered to the public before listing them. The purpose of this paper, however, is to evaluate whether IPOs are truly the best method for taking a company public. To answer this question, at least partially, we explore the upsides and downsides of a direct listing using the music streaming company Spotify (NYSE: SPOT) as a case study. Having officially registered to go public with the SEC and direct listed …

The Relative Importance Of Transformational Leadership And Contingent Reward On Satisfaction With Supervision In Nonprofit And For-Profit Organizations, Agnieszka Kwapisz, F. William Brown, Scott Bryant, Robyn Chupka, Terry Profota

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

We study the relationships and intervening mechanism between leaders’ transformational and contingent reward behaviors and the raters’ satisfaction with their supervision in the context of nonprofit and for-profit management settings in the United States. The results show that regardless of the context, transformational leadership on the part of the manager relates positively to the raters’ satisfaction with supervision and that this relationship is stronger in nonprofit organizations. Our results also provide evidence for the differential impact of contingent reward in for-profit and nonprofit settings. In the for-profit context, the relationship between contingent reward and satisfaction with supervision is negative while …

Information And Communication Technology, Uncertainty Reduction, And Dual Identification In Chinese Organizations, Ran Ju, Moyi Jia

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

By employing Chinese sample, this study examined the relationship between organizational members’ use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and their identification with the immediate workgroup and the overall organization. Employees’ uncertainty level was proposed as a mediating factor in these relationships. Participants N=336 completed an online survey. Results indicated that workgroup identification (WID) was positively predicted by members’ use of organizational social media to seek work-related information, and organizational identification (OID) was positively predicted by organizational social media and intranet for the same purpose. These relationships were either partially or fully mediated by employee’s uncertainty level. Results contributed to …

Closeness Centrality: A Social Network Perspective, Dong-Young Kim

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Although the topic of a firm’s network centrality has received significant attention in the literature, little is known about the theoretical concepts behind closeness centrality. This study reviews the definitions of closeness centrality that have been proposed by researchers. This research also provides a proposition about how a firm’s closeness centrality influences its supplier firm’s performance in a supply chain context. Our findings show that extant research has viewed closeness centrality as one of the following dimensions: the distance to other firms, the number of links to other firms, and the level of embeddedness. We found that closeness centrality has …

Online Payment Systems: Are We On The Same Page?, Patrizia Roeckert, Dong-Young Kim, Marco Lorenz

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Although scholars have enhanced our understanding of online payment systems (OPSs), our literature review shows that extant research has not fully addressed the way in which scholars have conceptualized OPSs and what roles organizations have played in establishing the OPSs. This study reviews the literature on OPSs and synthesizes the definitions of OPSs. This study also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the roles of regulators, service providers, and technologies. Using the literature review method, we analyze the definitions of online payment systems from perspectives of academics, regulators, and practitioners. This study deepens our understanding of the concepts of …

2019 Cover And Front Matter

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

No abstract provided.

Immigration And High-Growth Entrepreneurship In Developing Countries, Saurav Pathak

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Immigration is emerging as a potent and visible policy tool at the disposal of policymakers seeking to increase economic development through entrepreneurship. However, it is less clear if immigration has the same role in developing countries. This paper presents a narration on whether the independent effects and interaction between rates of immigration and the social desirability of entrepreneurship in developing countries exercise any influence on the likelihood of individuals entering into high-growth entrepreneurship. The propositions reported would argue that each has an independent positive influence, but that social desirability would be instrumental in moderating the positive effect of immigration, such …

Improving Shewhart Control Chart Performance In The Presence Of Measurement Error Using Multiple Measurements And Two-Stage Sampling, Kenneth W. Linna

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

The usual Shewhart control chart efficiently detects large shifts in the mean of a quality characteristic and has been extensively studied in the literature. Most proposed alternatives to the Shewhart chart aim to improve either the signal performance for smaller mean shifts or reduce the sampling effort required to detect a larger shift. Measurement error has been shown in the literature to result in reduced power to detect process shifts. The combination of multiple measurements and two-stage sampling is considered here as a strategy for both regaining power lost due to measurement error and specifically tuning the charts for shifts …

Profit And Social Value: An Analysis Of Strategies And Sustainability At The Base Of The Pyramid, Eric Dent, Ronda Ansted, Catherine Aasen

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

The last decade has seen a growing interest in market-based approaches to poverty reduction. Since the publication of Prahalad’s Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid in 2004, businesses, entrepreneurs, and researchers have investigated ways to tap into this fortune. Many researchers have suggested that companies could both do well financially and contribute to social good by serving the bottom two-thirds of the global economic pyramid and effectively raising members of this rapidly growing base of this pyramid (BOP) out of poverty (Agnihotri, 2013; Hammond et al., 2007; London, 2007; Prahalad & Hart, 1999). Although there have been many debates …

Humanitarian Supply Chain/Logistics: Roadmap To Effective Relief Effort, Ik-Whan Kwon, Sung-Ho Kim

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Between the years of 2000 and 2012, natural disasters caused 1.7 trillion dollars in damage and affected 2.9 billion people (dosomething.org). In Americas (ranked second globally in terms of natural disasters) between 2007 and 2016, disasters caused 255,033 deaths, 898,816 injuries and damages worth $470 billion (Disasters, 2017). In 2016 alone, natural disasters caused $175 billion in damage with 8,700 lives (Munich RE, 2017). The above numbers reflect the amount of physical destruction only but do not include indirect losses such as unemployment, environmental consequences, and business disruptions. Therefore, the full impact of these catastrophic events is much greater than …

A Statistical Analysis Of The Predictive Power Of Japanese Candlesticks, Mohamed Jamaloodeen, Adrian Heinz, Lissa Pollacia

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Japanese Candlesticks is a technique for plotting past price action of a specific underlying such as a stock, index or commodity using open, high, low and close prices. These candlesticks create patterns believed to forecast future price movement. Although the candles’ popularity has increased rapidly over the last decade, there is still little statistical evidence about their effectiveness over a large number of occurrences. In this work, we analyze the predictive power of the Shooting Star and Hammer patterns using over six decades of historical data of the S&P 500 index. In our studies, we found out that historically these …

Projected Economic And Financial Benefits Of The 2017 Summer Universiade Games, Steve Chen, Teame Ghirmay, Yi-Hua Lee, Chie-Der Dongfang, Tsung-Chih Chiu

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

In Western society, sport economic impact studies are often utilized to showcase the financial benefits for hosting mega sport event or to justify the spending for entering bids or covering infrastructure construction costs. This study projected economic impact of the 2017 Summer Universiade by examining the Taiwanese (the hosting country) residents’ willingness to attendance and estimated individual spending (consumption) while attending the games. Through a series of convenience sampling surveys from February to April, 2017, 1,021 respondents (53.5% males and 45.3% females) reported their potential personal spending, willingness to attend the events, and preferred ticket price range. The results indicated …

Chinese Students In U.S. Universities: A Qualitative Study Of Cross-Cultural Learning Experiences, Transition And Adaptation, Josefina E. Oramas, Hagai Gringarten, Lloyd Mitchell

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Chinese students represent the largest single group among international students enrolled in the U.S, and globalization has played an important role in impacting Chinese students’ perceptions of what it means to study abroad. According to The Wall Street Journal, there are 85 percent more international students enrolled today in U.S. schools than ten years ago, adding more than 35 billion dollars to the nation’s economy in 2015 (Belkin & Purnell, 2017). This qualitative study adds to the limited research available regarding Chinese students’ cross-cultural transition and academic adaptation to American universities (Kusek, 2015; Yan & Berliner, 2009). Findings add a …

Front Matter And Editorial Board

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

No abstract provided.

When Making Money Is More Important Than Saving Lives: Revisiting The Ford Pinto Case, Stuart Strother

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Despite a long tradition of ethics training in business colleges, managers commonly make unethical business decisions. This paper reports a five-year study of ethical decision making of business students (n = 192). In an undergraduate microeconomics course, students were presented with financial data from the infamous Ford Pinto case where defective engineering, coupled with unethical management behavior, resulted in a number of fiery fatalities. Facing the decision to repair the cars or pay the estimated costs of lost wrongful death lawsuits, 56.8% of students chose to pay for the deaths. This paper describes the classroom experiment and uses logistic …

The Influence Of Proactivity On Creative Behavior, Organizational Commitment, And Job Performance: Evidence From A Korean Multinational, Baek-Kyoo (Brian) Joo, Robert H. Bennett Iii

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Proactivity has emerged as an extremely important behavior in organizations, and has been shown to correlate with very positive organizational and individual outcomes. Proactive personality has been identified as a stable personality attribute that is predictive of several positive work behaviors outcomes. Utilizing a large sample from a well-known and successful Korean multinational employer, this study investigated the influences of proactive personality on three key outcomes in the workplace, namely the level of employee creativity, level of organizational commitment, and in-role job performance. The study also examined whether the contextual factors of quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) and the level …

A Review Of The Literature On Human Resource Development: Leveraging Hr As Strategic Partner In The High Performance Organization, Daniel Thoman, Robert Lloyd

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution of Human Resources (HR) from its inception as the clerical personnel administration utility of a company to its current developmental role as the strategic partner that helps to grow firms into dynamic, high-performance organizations through the invocation of the next stage of HR conceptual growth, Human Resource Development (HRD). Further, it covers the evolution of HRD with both a theoretical lens as well as a practitioner’s viewpoint in mind. This paper will discuss this conceptual evolution as it has occurred over time, as well as how it mirrors the overall …

The Precautionary Principle: What Is It, Where Did It Come From, How Should We Use It?, Yorgos Marinakis, Rainer Harms, Steven T. Walsh

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Since being globalized by inclusion in the 1980’s and 1990’s through several U.N. declarations and treaties, the Precautionary Principle has become a flashpoint internationally among scholars working in the fields of risk, international environmental law, European Union law and even U.S. federal law. The controversy surrounding the Precautionary Principle apparently arose and persists because the Principle is undertheorized. We revisit three fundamental questions: what is the Precautionary Principle, where did it come from, and how should we use it. Because the Precautionary Principle is a legal tool that is used internationally to manage technology, a comprehensive discussion of it is …

Product Diversification In Health Insurance With Comprehensive Coverage Benefits U.S. Health Insurers, Bo Shi, Etti G. Baranoff, Thomas W. Sager

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

This paper studies the relationship between product diversification and financial performance in U.S. health insurers during 2005 – 2014. We focus on diversification among different types of comprehensive coverage – termed related diversification. We use a modified Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) as a proxy for product diversification and measure financial performance by both return on assets and return on capital. We find a robust positive relationship between product diversification and performance. Moreover, the positive relationship still holds when the performance measures are adjusted for volatility. These findings support the theoretical foundation of economies of scope and risk-reduction, as adapted to the …

Calculating The Euclidean Technology Distance Of Dyads Using Patent Citations, Don Goeltz, Jan Buzydlowski

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

Calculating the technology base of a firm is a critical first step in studies of the technology strategies of a single entity and in making comparisons between the technology strategies of firms. For example, many studies of alliances and alliance portfolios require calculation of the technology distance or technology overlap between firm dyads. These studies typically use the patents of each partner dyad as the bases for the calculation. This paper introduces a new method of calculating a measure of technology overlap using the patent citations made in the patent applications. Each patent application lists the patented technologies that are …

Art For Irs’ Sake: Hobby Loss Rules And Artistic Endeavors, Maria Pirrone, Deborah Kliener

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

In Crile v. Commissioner, T. C. Memo. 2014-202 (Oct. 2, 2014), the United States Tax Court recently ruled that a tenured art professor’s artistic endeavors constituted a “business” rather than a “hobby.” Internal Revenue Code Section 183 limits taxpayers’ deductions to the extent of income earned if the activity is not engaged in for profit, i.e. a hobby, rather than a business. In this presentation, we examine the nine factors considered by the court in distinguishing between businesses and hobbies and discuss how the facts and circumstances of the taxpayer in this case prompted the court to decide in her …

A Post-Superstorm Sandy Study Of Small Business Disaster Preparedness And Perspectives On Planning For Future Incidents, Cynthia Scarinci

Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research

This paper focuses on small business preparedness for disaster, after Superstorm Sandy, to determine whether the disaster experience encouraged business owners to develop contingency and disaster recovery plans to better prepare for future incidents. The methodology used for this research was a combination survey/interview of small businesses impacted by Superstorm Sandy. The survey results revealed that the majority of respondents did not have plans in place prior to Sandy and that a small percentage developed contingency or disaster recovery plans to better prepare for future incidents, post-Sandy. The interview portion of the research provided valuable insight about how these businesses …