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Organizational Citizenship Behaviour And Performance: A Meta-Analysis Of Group-Level Research, Tjai Nielsen, George Hrivnak, Megan Shaw
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour And Performance: A Meta-Analysis Of Group-Level Research, Tjai Nielsen, George Hrivnak, Megan Shaw
George Hrivnak
Most of the research on the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and performance has been conducted at the individual level. During the past 10 years, however, group-level research on that relationship has begun to appear. This article meta-analytically reviews 38 independent samples (N = 3,097) in which the relationship between OCB and performance was studied at the group level. The analyses in this study suggest a positive overall relationship between OCB and performance ( = .29), as well as the presence of several moderating variables. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed, and some suggestions for future research …
A Framework For Leadership Development, George Hrivnak, Rebecca Reichard, Ronald Riggio
A Framework For Leadership Development, George Hrivnak, Rebecca Reichard, Ronald Riggio
George Hrivnak
Despite the tremendous amount of time, money, and energy spent by practitioners and scholars alike to understand, promote, and facilitate effective leadership development, the field is still far from fully understanding what is often regarded as both art and science. That is not to suggest, however, that the field's efforts have failed to result in substantial progress. Indeed, after defining some salient concepts and the overall scope of this chapter, we review some of the major theoretical and empirical advances in leadership development. Furthermore, the trends and 'best practices' dominant in today's organizations in leadership development are then summarized and …