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Articles 31 - 53 of 53
Full-Text Articles in Modern Languages
Port-Royalists, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
Port-Royalists, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
Seventeenth-Century French Jansenists, authors of the so-called Port-Royal Logic and Grammar. Of the many textbooks written by the Jansenists with ties to the monastery of Port-Royal near Paris, two have significant rhetorical implications: Antoine Arnauld's and Claude Lancelot's General Grammar (1660) and, especially, Arnauld's and Pierre Nicole's Logic or Art of Thinking (1662). The Logic privileges a spare style in which any recourse to the figures must be justified by the subject matter, a distrust of rhetorical methods of invention, and an ideal of transparent language. This approach is born of a convergence of Cartesian epistemology and an Augustinian …
Sharing Grief/Initiating Consolation: Voltaire's Letters Of Condolence, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
Sharing Grief/Initiating Consolation: Voltaire's Letters Of Condolence, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
The letter of condolence has generally been neglected by students of epistolary discourse in spite of being located at the intersection of a number of recent critical concerns. Interest among historians of death is shifting from the ars moriendi that prepared the dying for a holy death to the grief of those who mourn the deceased. Second, letters of condolence raise the problem of the representation of grief and the adequacy of language to convey it. Finally, a rhetoric of consolation is implicit in the topoi of condolence selected by the letter writer, and while the consolatory discourse of antiquity …
De Didascalie En Diégèse: Le Fantastique Moderne Et «Un Coeur Simple», Marshall C. Olds
De Didascalie En Diégèse: Le Fantastique Moderne Et «Un Coeur Simple», Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
Rattachée à l'étude des genres chez Flaubert, une question qui reste à approfondir concerne le soin qu'a mis le romancier à éviter l'anachronisme dans ses images diégétiques ainsi que dans ses diverses formulations de la causalité, les deux réseaux appartenant souvent à un même ensemble de données culturelles. On voit dans cette attention de Flaubert un souci d'exactitude historique, certes, mais qui va de paire avec le statut générique de son ouvrage. Déjà dans le conte oriental de sa jeunesse, Flaubert savait que c'était le cas pour le merveilleux: certains genres admettent volontiers l'intervention du surnaturel et se définissent même …
Scientific Verses: Subversion Of Cartesian Theory And Practice In The "Discours A Madame De La Sabliere", Russell J. Ganim
Scientific Verses: Subversion Of Cartesian Theory And Practice In The "Discours A Madame De La Sabliere", Russell J. Ganim
French Language and Literature Papers
Study of the relationship between science and La Fontaine's Fables has a limited, but thought-provoking past. Beverly Ridgely asserts that while La Fontaine represents himself mainly as an "artist" and "moralist" concerned with depicting the irony and comedy of life, he "also had a genuinely studious and reflective side... [with] a real aspiration to write scientific philosophical verse in emulation of such ancient masters as Lucretius and Virgil" (180). Ridgely analyzes the influence of late seventeenth-century cosmic theory on L'astrologue qui se laisse tomber dans un puits and L'horoscope. The two poems attack the concept of judicial astrology, which …
Mallarmé And Internationalism, Marshall C. Olds
Mallarmé And Internationalism, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
Bertrand Marchal’s welcome new edition of Mallarmé’s early correspondence will surely invite a fresh look at the often subtle intersections between text and hors-texte. The question is an engaging one not only because of Mallarmé’s own pronouncements questioning the mimetic function of literary language but because the oblique referentiality that does occur, sometimes in spite of the poet's overt intentions, points to unexpected structures of thought. I have shown elsewhere how these are at work in the verse, where Mallarmé’s cherished notions of friendship among poets and ideal readership play upon his use of the muse figure. A somewhat …
Review Of Michael Bishop, Nineteenth-Century French Poetry, Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Michael Bishop, Nineteenth-Century French Poetry, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
Michael Bishop has written extensively and well on some of the best of mid and late twentieth-century French poets--Char, Deguy, Jaccottet-and in this volume turns his attention to a thematic consideration of the major practitioners of the last century. The results are somewhat mixed. On the one hand, just about everyone is included whom one would expect to find (Lamartine, Vigny, Baudelaire, Hugo, Mallarmé, Verlaine, Rimbaud, Lautréamont, Laforgue; Desbordes-Valmore is present, Musset is not). Moreover, Bishop has read through the oeuvre of each poet, so his perceptive observations pertain not only to familiar poems but also to some that have …
Review Of Gustave Flaubert, La Première Education Sentimentale, Ed. Martine Bercot., Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Gustave Flaubert, La Première Education Sentimentale, Ed. Martine Bercot., Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
Martine Bercot's edition of the first Education sentimentale will be of use to Flaubert scholarship, and may well be the best one available for some time to come. As inexpensive as it is, this volume would also be an excellent addition to any graduate course on Flaubert.
Review Of Monic Robillard, Le Désir De La Vierge: Hérodiade Chez Mallarmé, Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Monic Robillard, Le Désir De La Vierge: Hérodiade Chez Mallarmé, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
With this insightful though sometimes difficult book Monic Robillard has gone well beyond his earlier work on Stéphane Mallarmé's Hérodiade to offer a reading of the 30-year project where psychoanalytic paradigms and close reading create a lively and suggestive network that moves to the center of Mallarmé's poetics.
Review Of Jean-Pierre Lecercle, Mallarmé Et La Mode, Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Jean-Pierre Lecercle, Mallarmé Et La Mode, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
Mallarmé et la mode is clearly a fundamental contribution to the literature surrounding La Derniére mode. Yet the book's importance goes beyond its stated subject because, quite simply, La Derniére mode is more than an isolated instance of mediocrity. The project was interrupted too early to have acquired a unique character and its editorial devenir has yet to be established. Moreover, following on the heals of “Toast funebre," the magazine helped inaugurate Mallarme's arrival in Paris and the widening of interests that would have a profound effect on his poetry. Under the spell of Mallarme himself in a way …
Hallucination And Point Of View In La Tentation De Saint Antoine, Marshall C. Olds
Hallucination And Point Of View In La Tentation De Saint Antoine, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
Over the past twenty-five years, as readings of Flaubert's texts have become increasingly concerned with the definition of various narrative structures, the study of point of view has been inextricably tied to determining how his narratives generate (or, to some minds, subvert) meaning. Thus it is that almost all hermeneutical approaches have been concerned with point of view in one way or another, the procedure usually being to establish the principal or authoritative narrational axis (or perhaps a pseudo-authoritative one) and then to plot and analyze the departures from it. Point of view is not a new concern, of course, …
Flaubert's Dis/En Closures, Marshall C. Olds
Flaubert's Dis/En Closures, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
The topos of the window and analogous framing devices is one of the recurrent characteristics of Flaubert's work, and, as examples of this discretionary practice, one need recall only some of the many scenes that are framed by windows: the view of Yonville through the carriage window or the stainedglass window that is, very nearly, La Légende de Saint Julien l'hospitalier. But windows are only incidentally our concern, for as the views of Yvetot and Constantinople equally signify something beyond themselves, so does this topos tie into a larger question, which is the evolution of Flaubert's practice of closure.
The …
Review Of Mallarmé And The Sublime By Louis Wirth Marvick, Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Mallarmé And The Sublime By Louis Wirth Marvick, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
In this comparative study, it is Louis Marvick's aim to read Mallarmé’s prose writings in light of the historical discussion of the sublime as a category of esthetic experience. Understanding of the sublime comes primarily from Longinus and the English tradition (Burke, Dr. Johnson, Hazlitt, Coleridge), filtered through Kant's "Analytic of the Sublime." Except for a few brief references to French writers other than Mallarmé (Boileau, the seventeenth-century critic René Bary, Baudelaire), Professor Marvick eliminates from his study any discussion of the French literary tradition, preferring to focus on a body of essays specifically on the subject of the sublime. …
Review Of Mlchal Peled Ginsburg, Flaubert Writing: A Study In Narrative Strategies, Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Mlchal Peled Ginsburg, Flaubert Writing: A Study In Narrative Strategies, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
This study starts from the premise that the young Flaubert had difficulty sustaining his narratives, that once underway, the opposing efforts of both narrator and character to promote their individual interests within the text led to an impasse, a kind of narrational death, which required a particular strategy (presumably on the part of the author) to circumvent the difficulty and keep things going. For Ginsburg this "stammering" (1) was a problem that Flaubert never quite outgrew. Consequently, she invites us to read his development as a novelist in terms of the different solutions the various works bring to the problem …
Review Of Marthe Robert, En Haine Du Roman, Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Marthe Robert, En Haine Du Roman, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
En haine du roman is a lively and well-written discussion with the stated objective of wanting to account for the near religious veneration with which Flaubert viewed his activity as a writer. The answer is that Flaubert's exclusive devotion to writing was a retreat from life, indeed a hatred of it and particularly of the drives towards social success and power and, at root, sexual conquest and procreation. Yet the very fact that he wrote, and that he wrote books like Madame Bovary when he (as he sometimes said) preferred writing books like La Tentation de saint Antoine, points to …
Review Of Richard E.Goodkin, The Symbolist Home And The Tragic Home: Mallarmé And Oedipus, Marshall C. Olds
Review Of Richard E.Goodkin, The Symbolist Home And The Tragic Home: Mallarmé And Oedipus, Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
In this comparative study, it is Richard E. Goodkin's subtly argued project to discuss dramatic tragedy and poetic symbolism as two responses to the problem of establishing what is most human in language, what Goodkin calls home. To be sure, Heidegger lies behind part of the author's development of this image. Yet, the principal force of the metaphor comes from a close reading of the texts under study, where the concept of home is tied to human attempts to exceed human limits, leading to self-recognition. Thus, he brings together tragedy and symbolism and shows their common vocabulary and concerns.
Voltaire's Fables Of Discretion: The Conte Philosophique In Le Taureau Blanc, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
Voltaire's Fables Of Discretion: The Conte Philosophique In Le Taureau Blanc, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
Le Taureau blanc (1774) offers remarkable insight into Voltaire's use of the conte as persuasive discourse for two reasons. First, as the purest example of the genre among his last contes, it is in many ways the quintessence of his talents as a conteur. This tale does not cover any new ideological territory in its treatment of the Old Testament, a preoccupation found in much of his production of the Ferney period; nor does it introduce any technical innovations. But unlike Voltaire's last tragedies, where his reworking of the themes and dramatic conventions of his dramatic successes of the 1730s …
French History Textbooks As A Tool For Teaching Civilization, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French History Textbooks As A Tool For Teaching Civilization, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
The recent controversy in France over the new history textbooks based on the reforms promulgated under René Haby in the middle 1970s can serve as a reminder of the many uses such textbooks can have in our civilization classes. In the past ten years the Haby programs have become the symbol for what many observers in France take to be a serious weakening of the teaching of history since the late 1960s. At the primary level, history was joined to geography and the sciences as an activité d'éveil; no longer was it the privileged instrument for fostering national identity as …
Desire Seeking Expression: Mallarmé'S "Prose Pour Des Esseintes", Marshall C. Olds
Desire Seeking Expression: Mallarmé'S "Prose Pour Des Esseintes", Marshall C. Olds
French Language and Literature Papers
Over the past sixty-five years of Mallarméan criticism, few poems have come to occupy as central a place in the discussion of the poet's work as "Prose pour des Esseintes." While it is generally agreed that, beginning around 1862, the development of Mallarmé's principal conceits and images, of his syntax and his directing ideas, culminates in "Un Coup de dés," "Prose" is often held to be not only Mallarmé's most hermetic poem but also the one that deals most directly with the nature of poetic composition. Commentators have variously called it Mallarmé's ars poetica, a conviction piece, a taking stock …
The Visual Arts In The Civilization Classroom, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
The Visual Arts In The Civilization Classroom, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
Although the visual arts have long been a feature of civilization courses, instructors do not always exploit their full potential. This paper presents a checklist to help teachers identify the relevant aspects of the arts for study. Its goal is to facilitate comprehensive treatment of works of art by focusing on three areas: the aesthetic dimension, the social context, and the artist’s own experience. The checklist is followed by a series of activities which encourage students to integrate the various aspects of the arts while practicing their language skills.
The Rhetorical Theories Of Malebranche: Persuasion Through Imitation Or Attention?, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
The Rhetorical Theories Of Malebranche: Persuasion Through Imitation Or Attention?, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
France's most prominent philosopher of the second half of the seventeenth century is reputed to be no friend of rhetoric. Bernard Tocanne declares, "C'est chez Malebranche que se mettent en place tous les arguments mis en oeuvre par les adversaires de la rhétorique à la fin du siècle," and Peter France calls him "a philosopher who had no love for rhetoric." The basis of such judgments is the Oratorian's attacks in the Recherche de la vérité (1674) against the use of the imagination and passions in the eloquence of Tertullian, Seneca, and Montaigne. Malebranche's critique is symptomatic of the legacy …
François Lamy And The Rhetoric Of Attention Of Malebranche, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
François Lamy And The Rhetoric Of Attention Of Malebranche, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
François Lamy is always mentioned in the lively polemic over rhetoric touched off in 1694 by the attack of Goibaud Dubois against pulpit eloquence. The Benedictine Lamy became the center of the controversy when a 1698 éclaircissement of his De la connaissance de soi-même (5 vols. Paris, 1694-1698) provided the most thorough critique of the ancient art the quarrel produced. Malebranche himself did not participate directly in this dispute, but since he had made similar criticisms in passing in the Recherche de la vérité (1674) his presence was constantly felt in the background. This resemblance is no coincidence. According to …
Exploring The Cultural Content Of French Feature Films, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
Exploring The Cultural Content Of French Feature Films, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
Of the many forms of realia at the disposal of the French teacher, the feature film can be the most engaging and rewarding. Nothing holds students' attention quite like a movie or gives them as vivid an experience of France, short of going abroad. Moreover, movies can furnish glimpses of milieus and personalities the average tourist or student rarely encounters. Instructors have been quick to make use of this potential in the classroom. In literature courses the movie version of a play or novel is compared with the original text. In civilization classes films are used along with supplemental readings …
Dramatic Structure And Philosophy In Brutus, Alzire And Mahomet, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
Dramatic Structure And Philosophy In Brutus, Alzire And Mahomet, Thomas M. Carr Jr.
French Language and Literature Papers
An impressive amount of recent critical work has dealt with the philosophic element in Voltaire's tragedies. His plays have been labelled a theatre of involvement and a theatre of ideas; they have been examined from the standpoint of propaganda and as tragedy. However,the focus of such studies has been primarily on Voltaire's message or on the meaning of the plays, rather than on the dramatic structure he created to convey his philosophic concerns.
Today, of course, Voltaire does not rank high either as an original thinker or as a dramatist. Nonetheless, his attempt to introduce his philosophic concerns into his …