History Commons^™

Early Continental Philosophy Of Science, Babette Babich

Babette Babich

No abstract provided.

Una Breve Historia De Políticas Sobre Drogas, O Por Qué Declaramos La Guerra A Unas Drogas Y No A Otras, David T. Courtwright

David T. Courtwright

El comercio de ultramar y la expansión europea durante los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII convirtieron las sustancias psicoactivas, incluidos el tabaco y las bebidas alcohólicas, en productos globales. Desde sus inicios, el comercio de estos productos generó controversias. Los médicos discutían acerca de las indicaciones, dosis y riesgos de las drogas importadas. Cuando el uso de éstas se extendió más allá del campo de la medicina, el Estado intervino. Algunos gobernantes recurrieron a la mutilación y las ejecuciones para hacer cumplir las prohibiciones, particularmente la que pesaba contra fumar tabaco. Ninguno tuvo éxito en erradicar este nuevo vicio ni …

A Short History Of Drug Policy Or Why We Make War On Some Drugs But Not On Others, David T. Courtwright

David T. Courtwright

Overseas trade and European expansion in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries turned psychoactive drugs, including spirituous alcohol and tobacco, into global products. From the beginning, the commerce provoked controversy. Doctors argued about the indications, dosages, and risks of imported drugs. When use spread beyond medicine, the state became involved. Some rulers resorted to mutilation and execution to enforce prohibitions, especially against tobacco smoking. None succeeded in stamping out the novel vice or in suppressing the cultivation of tobacco, which quickly became a global crop. ‘Mankind has found too few comforts,’ wrote historian V.G. Kiernan, ‘to let itself be robbed …

Women Power Connect Obituary Mrinal Gore: Vibhuti Patel, Professor Vibhuti Patel

Professor Vibhuti Patel

On 17th July 2012, Mrinal Gore passed away. With her demise, an era of women freedom fighters with feminist sensitivities in praxis is over. Inspired by Quit India Movement under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, 14 year old young girl Mrinal became active in the freedom movement. Drawn to political and social causes, she gave up a promising career in medicine in order to organise the poorest and most powerless. She married her comrade, Shri Keshav Gore and when he died at a young age in 1958, she founded Keshav Gore Smarak Bhavan which provided democratic platform to progressive forces for …

Agency, Structures And Peru: Action And In-Action During 1980-2000, Kimberly A. Protzel

Kimberly Protzel

The Shining Path along with Alberto Fujimori's presidency in Peru (encompassing the years 1980-2000) created a terrifying chaos that was wound up in both state and insurgent terrorism, corruption, and massacres. While this chaos is inextricably linked to Peru's history, I fear is being all too quickly forgotten. My main motivation behind this research has been to take a step towards increasing awareness of these events and the many reasons behind them: the agenic nature of some versus the lack of it in others, structures developed by colonialism, and most terrifyingly of all - willful ignorance. By understanding these reasons, …

Medicine In The Americas, Kristine A. Petre Mls, Cm, Ahip

Kristine A Petre, MLS, CM, AHIP

Medicine in the Americas is a freely available, searchable collection of historical medical Americana. The collection is part of the Digital Collections repository at the National Library of Medicine’s online digital archives. This review discusses the contents, searching functions, and additional features available in the collection.

Review Of Shared Spaces And Divided Places: Material Dimensions Of Gender Relations And The American Historical Landscape., Mark Tebeau

Mark Tebeau

Reviews the book "Shared Spaces and Divided Places: Material Dimensions of Gender Relations and the American Historical Landscape," edited by Deborah L. Rotman and Ellen-Rose Savulis.

“Towards An African Theology Of Reconciliation: A Missiological Reflection On The Instrumentum Laboris Of The Second African Synod”, Stan Chu Ilo

Stan Chu Ilo

No abstract provided.

The Crusades And The Lost Literature Of The Italian Renaissance, Brian Maxson

Brian J. Maxson

Tea With The Chief: Ocl Interviews Chief Justice Rehnquist, Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Annexed to the room in which the justices conference after oral argument, a chamber offers gilt-on-marble in fashion art deco: Rockefeller Center, the steamship Normandie, architectural tastes of futurismo dimension. In short, full on 1930s and architect Cass Gilbert letting his imagination take wing. This interview (re)launched OCL’s career as constitutional historian, following on two years’ study of the Nicomachean Ethics and the Politics. This is one of the few interviews not recorded on audiotape. Other interviewees include Michael Foote, J.O. Urmson, and Benson Mates. The interview (in context) continues in the next article. A longer recollection of this interview …

The Muster Roll Of The First Regiment West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Company K, 1898-1899, Jack L. Dickinson

Jack L Dickinson

This original muster roll contains the names, dates and places of enlistment, and the service records of the 114 men of Company K, 1st West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment. It was called up by the Governor when the Spanish-American War started in April 1898. This ebook includes a short unit history of the regiment and company, short bios of the officers, and brief histories of the camps that the unit occupied. At the end of the book is an alphabetical list of the soldiers.

Dixie Progress: Sears, Roebuck & Co. And How It Became An Icon In Southern Culture, Jerry Hancock, Jr.

Jerry R. Hancock Jr.

This study will investigate Sears, Roebuck & Co. and the special relationship it established with the South during the first half of the twentieth-century. The study will examine oral interviews with former employees, southern literature and customer letters from the region in an effort to better understand how Sears became more than just a friend to the poor dirt farmers of the South; it became a uniquely southern institution.

¿Las Clases Dominantes?, Guillermo Arosemena

Guillermo Arosemena

No abstract provided.

Introduction To United Apart: Gender And The Rise Of Craft Unionism, Ileen A. Devault

Ileen A DeVault

[Excerpt] The American Federation of Labor entered the twentieth century ensconced as the primary vehicle for the nation's organized workers. As such, the attitudes of the AFL toward women workers provided the basis for virtually all later attempts at organizing women. The cross-gender strikes that are the basis of this book illustrate both the ways in which men and women would move forward united and the ways in which they would remain apart. That both females and males could at times feel drawn together and at other times feel driven apart, and carry both those feelings into their actions and …

Narratives Serially Constructed And Lived: Ethnicity In Cross-Gender Strikes 1887-1903, Ileen A. Devault

Ileen A DeVault

[Excerpt] The strikes narrated in this paper have illustrated different ways in which individuals' recognition of ethnic identity could interact with their recognition of gender and class identities. In each strike workers' identities developed along with the serial narrative of the particular strike situation. The use of Sartre's concept of the series helps us think about the many possible variations of class, ethnicity, and gender. Though Sartre planned to use his concept of series as a way to examine peoples' class identities, my employment of the concept broadens it to include other categories of identification as well. Using the concept …

Samuel Gompers, Ileen A. Devault

Ileen A DeVault

[Excerpt] Samuel Gompers, founder and president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) for 37 years, was both extraordinary and exemplary of many skilled workers during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

White Collar/Blue Collar, Ileen A. Devault

Ileen A DeVault

[Excerpt] Examining the determinants of class for women and the ways men experienced gender will help clarify some of the ambiguous status of the clerical sector, but it will still not answer all of our questions. To understand the place of clerical work in the class structure, we need to examine more than just clerical work itself. A major argument of this book is that understanding the impact of clerical work on overall social stratification requires understanding stratification within the manual working class as well. The status of clerical work would perhaps be much clearer in contrast to that of …

‘‘Too Hard On The Women, Especially’’: Striking Together For Women Workers’ Issues, Ileen A. Devault

Ileen A DeVault

This essay draws upon a larger study of over forty strikes which involved both male and female strikers in the United States between the years 1887 and 1903. Here the focus of analysis is on those strikes which began with demands raised by women workers. The essay examines the nature of women workers’ demands, the ways in which cooperation with male co-workers altered those demands, and the affect that formal union involvement had on women strikers and their strike demands. Because the original set of case studies examines strikes across the United States, the strikes explored here also highlight a …

"Give The Boys A Trade": Gender And Job Choice In The 1890s, Ileen A. Devault

Ileen A DeVault

[Excerpt] It seems redundant (but is unfortunately not unnecessary) to say that this response emphasizes the gendered nature of the famed "manliness" of turn-of-the-century skilled workers. Davis Montgomery has described how "the workers' code celebrated individual self-assertion, but for the collective good, rather than for self-advancement." The process by which these skilled workers chose their jobs suggests an intermediate step: between the "collective good" of the union and the "self-advancement' of the individual stood the smaller collective unit of the male-headed household. The sense of what it meant to "be a man" thus not only holds the potential of explicating …

The East In Open Conflict: The Great Strike Of 1993, Lowell Turner

Lowell Turner

[Excerpt] Because it is impossible in one book to examine all German institutions of negotiation, this book focuses on one important set of relations at the heart of social market regulation: the "social partnership" between labor and management. "Social partnership," a term widely used throughout the European Union but little known in the United States, refers to the nexus—and central political and economic importance—of bargaining relationships between strongly organized employers (in employer associations) and employees (in unions and works councils) that range from comprehensive collective bargaining and plant-level codetermination to vocational training and federal, state, and local economic policy discussions. …

Becoming A People Of The Library: Reconceptualizing The Church’S Technology For Texts, Transmission, And Transformation, Michael J. Paulus Jr.

Michael J. Paulus, Jr.

This presentation considers the role of libraries in shaping and preserving the Bible.

Rallying Round Our Liberty, Wendell Dobbs, Leo Welch, Linda Dobbs, Neil Cadle

Linda Dobbs

No abstract provided.

O Cidadão E O Estadista, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Fala-se muito em crise, naturalmente em mudanças políticas, e até em regeneração dos partidos. Cremos que esta é fundamental. Ou tal ocorre, ou virá, mais dia menos dia, após esta ou aquela convulsão, a ditadura e o partido único, sob qualquer bandeira, normalmente populista. Muitos estão já a atiçar o lume antipartidário e antidemocrático, como ocorreu noutros tempos. E apontando já os bodes expiatórios a sacrificar, enquanto os verdadeiros responsáveis passam ao largo... Por outro lado, não é Estadista quem quer. São precisas virtudes e qualidades. Não uma competência mitificada e abstrata. Mas projeto político e capacidade, experiência, etc.

Disillusionment In Afghanistan. Content-Analysis Als Methode, Esmeralda Kleinreesink

Esmeralda Kleinreesink

White Snake, Black Snake Folk Narrative Meets Master Narrative In Qing Dynasty Sichuanese Cross-Stitch Medallions, Cory Willmott

Cory A. Willmott

The cross-stitch medallion in figure 1 was collected by my grandmother, Katherine Willmott, in the early 1920s when she was a missionary in Renshow, Sichuan Province, West China. Many years after I inherited it, I learned that it depicts a folk narrative called “White Snake; Black Snake” that was traditionally performed both on stage in the legitimate theaters and in Chinese shadow puppet dramas (Highbaugh n/d:6).

The story may be summarized as follows: There were two female snakes, White Snake and Black Snake, who were inseparable friends. They both changed into beautiful young women. White Snake got married and bore …

Journeys To Self And Lessons Of Other: Carlos Castaneda, Indigenismo, And The Politics Of A New Age, Ageeth Sluis

Ageeth Sluis

During the 1960s and 1970s, Carlos Castaneda’s work on shamanism introduced a large international readership to Mexico at a time when the Americas saw pronounced socio-political and cultural changes: mounting social unrest, political instability, civil rights movements, the counterculture, and the sexual and other revolutions. While heavily criticized by contemporary scholars, Castaneda's work became instrumental in the construction of an imagined Mexico, which, in addition to drawing counterculture tourists, featured new ways of conceptualizing race and gender. Seeking to understand the Castaneda phenomenon within a larger transnational context, the study sheds light on how new conceptions of indigenous identity informed …

'Fair Play Has Entirely Ceased And Law Has Taken Its Place': The Rise And Fall Of The Squatter Republic In The West Branch Valley Of The Susquehanna River, 1768-1800, Marcus Gallo

Marcus Gallo

The article presents a history of land tenure in Pennsylvania, focusing on the squatter settlements established by Scots-Irish immigrants near the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna River, known as the Fair Play region, from 1768 to 1800. The article details how the settlers established farms to lay claim to their lands, chronicles conflicts between squatters and Indians over land rights, and discusses how a tribunal known as the Fair Play Men were able to resolved disputes amongst settlers. Other topics include the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, a land sale negotiation between Pennsylvanians and members of the Haudenosaunee Indians, documents …

Cornering The Black Market: A Role For The Corner Store In Community Development, Seneca Vaught

Seneca Vaught

This paper addresses these important themes by examining the impact of corner stores in two American cities: Buffalo, New York and Atlanta, Georgia. The paper illustrates how corner stores can effectively address unique demands in urban niche markets and the problems and possibilities these approaches present. The paper puts these developments into a historical, economic and spatial context that illustrates how neighborhood stores emerge and the dynamics of race, economics, and geography that they engage. Finally, the paper illustrates several models for effective small propriety grocers that specifically address issues of economic disparity and racial divisions, illustrating how these examples …

The Tomb Of The ‘True German’: Kuno Francke And The American Rejection Of A German Ideal, Kevin Ostoyich

Kevin Ostoyich

No abstract provided.

"Even We Can't Prevent Forests: The Chemical War And The Illusion Of Control", Edwin Martini

Edwin A. Martini

By exploring tactical and strategic uses of chemical agents beyond Agent Orange and the other ‘Rainbow Herbicides’ used as part of Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, this essay seeks to fill a gap in our under- standing of the chemical war waged by the United States in South-east Asia, and to make a contribution to the growing body of literature devoted to the intersections of military and environmental history. Taking seriously the roles played by both human and non-human actors, it explores how the White House and Pentagon continually attempted, unsuccessfully, to impose more stringent forms of control …