History Commons^™

Background For The “War On Terror”

Human Rights & Human Welfare

September 11 changed the United States’ understanding of terrorism. Prior to these attacks, Americans typically viewed terrorist events and actors through the lens of foreign affairs, quite removed from “everyday” concerns. Terrorist events involving Americans did occur, occasionally on American soil, but a sense of American invulnerability never truly wavered. September 11 challenged this presumption; as well as perspectives on the history of terrorism, compelling some to reexamine past events in order to find portents of the future tragedy.

Afghanistan, Greg Sanders

Human Rights & Human Welfare

After September 11, Afghanistan became the first battleground of the War on Terror when the Taliban government refused to turn over Osama Bin Laden and other Al Qaeda members. Human rights concerns about these events fall in two areas. First, did the United States violate human rights when it launched Operation Enduring Freedom to overthrow the Taliban and during the subsequent occupation? Second, have the occupation forces and new regime of under the leadership of Hamid Karzai done enough to improve the previously miserable human rights situation in Afghanistan?

Dollars, Defense, And The Desert: Southern Nevada’S Military Economy And The Second World War, Robert V. Nickel

Psi Sigma Siren

Modern Las Vegas has come to inhabit a unique place in the American imagination. A neon mirage glittering amid the desolate Mojave Desert, “Sin City” is both celebrated and scorned as an oasis of gambling, nightlife, and entertainment. Consistently ranked among the nation’s fastest-growing metropolitan areas, Las Vegas has experienced sensational economic, infrastructural, and demographic growth in recent years. The dizzying pace of this development makes it difficult to imagine that the city was once anything other than the bustling urban playground it is today. Like many great western cities, Las Vegas came of age during the World War Two …

Veterans Residing In Adams County, Pennsylvania, 1840-1930, Kevin L. Greenholt

Adams County History

The federal decennial census provides a wide-ranging set of data for analysis. The census forms for each ten-year cycle from 1790 until 1930 have been released to the public for access. The tabulations of 1840, 1910, and 1930 contain data relating to the military service of those interviewed by the census enumerator. Compiled here is a list of veterans, listed by Adams County township, who served in the American Revolution, War of 1812, Civil War, Spanish-American War, World War I, or other military actions from 1840 through 1930.

Adams County History 2004

Adams County History

No abstract provided.

The 55th College Training Detachment Of The Army Air Corps Program On The Gettysburg College Campus, 1943-1944, Julia Grover

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The 55th College Training Detachment of the Air Force Cadet Program came to Gettysburg College in 1943. It was a separate program designed to provide educated officers for the Air Corps in the United States Army. These trainees would not only learn military drill, physical training, medical aid and flight skills, but they would also study physics, math, English, history, and geography. They were taught by members of the Gettysburg College staff and housed on campus, in dorms and fraternity houses.Their presence on campus was a constant reminder for regular students that the country was in the midst of a …

Archaeology And The Changing View Of Custer's Last Stand, Nick Reonas

The Corinthian

On August 9, a grass fire burned one hundred acres of land north of the Little Bighorn Battlefield before being contained. Overnight, the wind kicked up smoldering embers east of the Calhoun Hill area of the battlefield, and the fire spread quickly. Park rangers and employees saved the visitor center and National Cemetery, but the rest of the battlefield was scorched. This could have been a disaster, but James Court, superintendent of what was then known as Custer National Monument, saw the potential presented by the lack of brush and grass, which before the fire had grown so thick on …

The Alliance Against Disarmament: The Atomic Energy Commission, The National Security Council, And The Joint Chiefs Of Staff, Mary D. Wammack

Psi Sigma Siren

Of the discussions that took place at the highest policy levels during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower, those concerning the possibility of a diplomatic solution to the arms race with the Soviet Union were among the most urgent and, perhaps, the most consequential in their failure. In the United States, members of the Eisenhower cabinet and other agencies and departments analyzed and addressed the consequences of various diplomatic proposals. Throughout that assessment phase, the National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Atomic Energy Commission joined in steadfast opposition to arms limitations. On the international plane, the …

The Indelible Scars Of Private Hutchinson, Maine 15th Infantry Regiment, Frederick G. Hoyt

Maine History

Private Albert E. Hutchinson of the 15th Maine Regiment survived thirteen long and dreary months of imprisonment in a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp, an experience so horrific he made two unsuccessful attempts at escape. It was over thirty years before he could tell his story of abandonment by his own regiment in Louisiana and incarceration in Texas. Surprisingly, his greatest trauma came after the war, when the released POW arrived home as a ‘straggler' neglected and disregarded by officials and citizens in his home state. The glorious welcome other veterans received contrasted starkly with his shoddy treatment. Private Hutchinson’s confrontation with …

Wwii Pacific Theatre Maps, Jacqueline D. Goins

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.

Kitchener's Volunteers, Peter Brauer

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The fourth of August 1914 was a day of jubilation throughout Britain. German armies, numbering in the millions, had overrun Belgian border stations the previous day and were advancing unchecked across the frontier. As the morning progressed, a buzz of enthusiasm began to grow. News placards throughout Britain broadcast the news of the German invasion to the eager public from every street corner. Those British in the big cities were first to hear. From London to Birmingham, Manchester to Cardiff, and Edinburgh to Belfast, people gathered to hear the news. By noon, Trafalgar Square was packed end to end with …

Trends. Truth And Narrative: The Case Of Ballistic Missile Defense, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and the politics and the narrative politicians tell themselves for pragmatic purposes.

Nuclear Weapons Diplomacy: Russian Victories And United States Defeats In The Post Cold War Era, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes the status and dynamics of the latest nuclear weapons diplomacy between the United States and Russia.

The Human Terrain Of Urban Operations, Ralph Peters

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Back To Basics: Us Foreign Policy For The Coming Decade, James E. Goodby, Kenneth Weisbrode

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

The Gettysburg Battlefield, One Century Ago, Benjamin Y. Dixon

Adams County History

In the fall of 1899, Colonel John Nicholson reported on the recent changes being made to the Gettysburg National Military park. The park held a dedication ceremony that July for a new equestrian statue to General John Reynolds erected northwest of town. It was a shiny goldenbrown, polished-bronze statue sculpted by Henry Kirke Bush-Brown (his second equestrian statue at Gettysburg in three years). The horse and rider, balancing on two legs stood on a large pedestal near the new avenue in his name. Reynolds Avenue and adjoining Wadsworth, Doubleday, and Robinson Avenues were new to the battlefield as well. These …

Adams County History 2000

Adams County History

No abstract provided.

The Civil War Letters Of Jeremiah Mickly Of Franklin Township, Adams County, Eric Ledell Smith

Adams County History

On December 2, 1862, just eleven days before the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia, Jeremiah Mickly said goodbye to his wife and two children and reported for duty with the 177th Pennsylvania Infantry to become a Civil War chaplain. The only known photograph ofMickly shows him dressed in the standard chaplain's uniform of the day: a plain black frock coat with a standing collar and black buttons with plain black pantaloons. Like many other Civil War soldiers, Mickly re-enlisted for service after his stint with the 177th ended, becoming chaplain of the 43rd Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Impressed with the …

Some Culp Family Members In The Civil War, David A. Culp

Adams County History

In the 1860s Gettysburg had a population of around 2,400. The Culps had lived there since 1787, the year Christopher Culp purchased the farm, located on the east end of town, with its western boundry starting at Baltimore St. between Breckenridge and South Streets, going northeast to South Stratton St. and Wall Alley East, then on to East Middle St. between South Stratton and Liberty Streets. The town more or less ended at the farm boundary. Prominent on the farm and southeast of town was Culp's Hill. Five generations of Culps had lived in Gettysburg by the time of the …

Adams County History 1998

Adams County History

No abstract provided.

Adams County In "The Splendid Little War," April Through August 1898, Timothy H. Smith

Adams County History

The Spanish American War lasted less than four months (April 25 to August 13, 1898). For the entire war, American casualties totaled less than 2,000 men, among them 345 killed or mortally wounded. Many more, however, died of disease (about 2000). Over the years, the war has been remembered as an event in which American interests and yellow journalism led to a conflict where the outcome was never in doubt. The nation of Spain, embroiled in internal dispute and civil unrest, was ripe for the picking and could do little to organize a defense of her colonies against a nation …

From Bangor To Elmira And Back Again: The Civil War Career Of Dr. Eugene Francis Sanger, Andrew Macissac

Maine History

Bangor's Dr. Eugene Francis Sanger holds a dubious claim to fame in the annals of Civil War history. Having joined the Union medical corps largely to advance his own career; the abrasive surgeon moved from post to post, frustrated by lack of discipline among field staff and by lack of recognition from his superiors. In 1864 Sanger became the chief medical officer at the Elmira Prison Camp in New York, a northern counterpart to the infamous Andersonville Prison. Was Sanger responsible for Elmira 's unconscionable mortality rate? The historical record is ambiguous. Andrew Maclsaac grew up in Mexico, Maine, and …

Abolishing Nuclear Weapons: Psychological Freedom Or Escape From Freedom?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the aspects of efforts to abolish nuclear weapons.

Building A Battle Site: Roads To And Through Gettysburg, Elwood W. Christ

Adams County History

On the morning of 1 July 1863, lead elements of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia advanced on the town of Gettysburg situated in the lush farm lands of south-central Pennsylvania just eight miles east of the South Mountain in Adams county. The Southern reconnaissance in force made early that summer morning was destined not only to change the history of the struggling Confederacy, but also to set the infant United States republic, indeed the world, on courses towards more democratic forms of government.

Although many historians have dwelled on those three fateful days in 1863, few …

Adams County History 1997

Adams County History

No abstract provided.

The Bermudian Creek Tories, James P. Myers Jr.

Adams County History

The history of the American Revolution which most Americans have learned and which is everyday reinforced in the public media is essentially but one of several competing interpretations of that conflict. We rarely think about this, so successfully has that particular history taken root in our culture. Common sense, however, should caution us that the British also possess a version or versions which differ in important ways from ours. The French, our allies during the Revolution, offer yet another construction, one stressing that war's place in their own long history of conflict with Great Britain. And had the northeastern American …

Blending Loyalties: Maine Soldiers Respond To The Civil War, Andy Deroche

Maine History

Scholars agree that during the Civil War most Federal soldiers saw their primary purpose as saving the Union, but their loyalty to the Union was expressed in complex ways. Using a sample of thirty-seven collections of Civil War correspondence and diaries, Andy DeRoche assesses the soldiers ’ view of the war, the Union, the Conscription Act, and the elections of 1864. Above all, loyalty to family structured their thinking about these momentous national questions.

The Case For The Vietnam War, W. W. Rostow

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Franklin Simmons And His Civil War Monuments, Martha R. Severens

Maine History

Franklin Simmons was a Maine sculptor who achieved national prominence for his Civil War monuments. Simmons' work in Maine earned him the opportunity to create numerous monuments in Washington, D. C. In this article Martha R. Severens reviews the sculptor's life and work and provides insight into a unique style that inspired other sculptors across the Northeast. Ms. Severens, curator at the Greenville (SC) County Museum of Art, has published volumes on the Museum's Southern Collection and on Andrew Wyeth. Previously, she held similar positions at the Portland Museum of Art and the Gibbes Museum of Art in Charleston, SC.

Bath Iron Works, By Carroll Thayer Berry, William David Barry

Maine History

No abstract provided.