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Articles 31 - 60 of 361
Full-Text Articles in Art and Design
Designing Visuo-Haptic Illusions For Virtual Reality Applications Using Floor-Based Shape-Changing Displays, Nargiz Askarbekkyzy, Yilong Lin, Kongpyung Moon, Andrea Bianchi, Seungwoo Je
Designing Visuo-Haptic Illusions For Virtual Reality Applications Using Floor-Based Shape-Changing Displays, Nargiz Askarbekkyzy, Yilong Lin, Kongpyung Moon, Andrea Bianchi, Seungwoo Je
IASDR Conference Series
Large-scale haptic displays offer the opportunity to create fully-immersive experiences in Virtual Reality (VR). In particular, floor-based pin-array shape displays allow the creation of worlds with complex textures and walkable terrain patterns. However, the size and resolution of these terrains are typically limited by the physical constraints of the actuating hardware, negatively impacting the designing of VR experiences. To overcome these limitations, we propose the usage of visuo-haptic illusions for floor-based shape displays, effectively creating the illusion for terrains of a larger size and of a higher resolution. Following closely related prior work, we have conducted two user studies with …
The Use Of Life Cycle Assessment For Lightweight Product Design Based On Functional Unit, Nuria Goldáraz-Salamero, Jorge Sierra-Pérez
The Use Of Life Cycle Assessment For Lightweight Product Design Based On Functional Unit, Nuria Goldáraz-Salamero, Jorge Sierra-Pérez
IASDR Conference Series
The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology has traditionally been a tool to assist in the comparison between design alternatives. Currently, one of the established strategies in product eco-design will be the design of lightweight products. For this purpose, due to the nature of the LCA methodology, based on the inventory of materials in relation to a functional unit of the product, it can have a relevant role in the application of lightweight product design strategy. The present study addresses this approach with the analysis of a retail product, more specifically a supermarket shelf. Starting from a complete LCA with a …
Developing A Child-Friendly Outdoor Public Playground For Children Aged 4-8, Through Co-Creation Mindset, Neda Batenipour
Developing A Child-Friendly Outdoor Public Playground For Children Aged 4-8, Through Co-Creation Mindset, Neda Batenipour
IASDR Conference Series
Outdoor playgrounds, as part of urban space, with their equipment/settings play an important role in child development. For designing a child-friendly playground, looking at a playground through the eyes of children as end users should be of prime importance for designers. This study presents a new framework and methodology for exploring design parameters based on users’ real needs and wants and finally designs a child-friendly outdoor public playground for children aged 4-8 years old. Existing problems, gaps, and opportunities in Wuppertal’s playgrounds – especially in the Nordbahntrasse and Parkour Park area – provide the rationale and need, as well as …
An Investigation Into The Product Attachment Between Single-Person Household And Their Home Appliances, Ga-Eul Han, James Andrew Self, Chajoong Kim
An Investigation Into The Product Attachment Between Single-Person Household And Their Home Appliances, Ga-Eul Han, James Andrew Self, Chajoong Kim
IASDR Conference Series
Products that are emotionally bonded are more likely to be successful in the market than those that are not. Emotional bonding is defined as product attachment. It induces positive relationships between user and product by offering a more expansive, holistic approach to design for higher longevity from the sustainability perspective. Although it is an important factor in product development, little research has been done towards understanding product attachment, especially for home appliances. The study aimed to further understanding of product attachment in home appliance design. A total of ten home appliances were selected by cross-mapping of physical interaction density and …
In-House Designers To Break Out Public Sector Auditing In A Manageable Way, Linda Meijer-Wassenaar, Marjorie Bakker-Joosse
In-House Designers To Break Out Public Sector Auditing In A Manageable Way, Linda Meijer-Wassenaar, Marjorie Bakker-Joosse
IASDR Conference Series
For Supreme Audit Institutions to live up to the expectations of Parliament and the public and meet the needs of the public sector organisations they audit, they need to break out of their traditional knowledge-driven role of public spending watchdogs. Human-centred design offers an alternative to more knowledge: knowledge-in-action. Yet, the current frame of auditors restrains them from experimenting with alternatives. This study shares our experiences as in-house designers at the Netherlands Court of Audit of enriching the current focus on siloed public administration with citizens’ perspectives and of finding alternative ways to increase audit impact. Moreover, we show the …
Innovative Collaboration And Co-Designing With Santhal And Mohli Tribes Of Dumka, India, Nilanjana Bairagi, Ajithsen Selvadhas, Sowndarya Archarya
Innovative Collaboration And Co-Designing With Santhal And Mohli Tribes Of Dumka, India, Nilanjana Bairagi, Ajithsen Selvadhas, Sowndarya Archarya
IASDR Conference Series
Tribal communities use locally available resources to fulfil their daily needs in India. Santhal and Mohli tribes in Jharkhand, India have an intergenerational skill of using bamboo and other natural fibres to make utility crafts like baskets and mats, which is used as a part of their lifestyle. However, it was limited in terms of product range and market reach, which resulted in the tribes’ livelihood stagnancy and other financial difficulties. Therefore, the objective of this research was design intervention and product development based on collaborative designing, as the researchers were outside of the tribal community. And also to propose …
Changing Perspective On Social Inclusion And Design: Exploring The Concept Of Designing For Inclusive Attitudes, Daniele Busciantella-Ricci
Changing Perspective On Social Inclusion And Design: Exploring The Concept Of Designing For Inclusive Attitudes, Daniele Busciantella-Ricci
IASDR Conference Series
The pandemic increased disparities and exacerbated pre-existing inequalities. Attitudinal barriers and discrimination were also exacerbated by the pandemic effects. Some diversity conditions suffered more than others post-pandemic status because their needs were not embedded in the pandemic planning prior to COVID-19. Also, the pandemic effects underlined the importance of embedding Inclusion, Diversity, Equality and Accessibility strategies in complex contexts such as in healthcare systems. Therefore, the paper focuses on how improving inclusive attitudes through design for fighting discrimination and promoting diversity in society. However, traditional design for inclusion approaches does not provide instruments to address this aspect. Consequently, the paper …
Forming Bacterial Cellulose: A Research Activity Exploiting Digital Fabrication Technologies., Patrizia Bolzan, Flavia Papile
Forming Bacterial Cellulose: A Research Activity Exploiting Digital Fabrication Technologies., Patrizia Bolzan, Flavia Papile
IASDR Conference Series
Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is a material gaining increasing interest in design research. Being produced by the fermentation of Kombucha tea, it is classified, as others, as “growing material”. Growing BC offers different research inputs in terms of producing cellulose without extraction practices, reversing the current raw material supply dynamics. By monitoring the materials growth, designers are able to customise shapes, colours, finishes and other aesthetic characteristics of the material while producing it. In this study different experimental activities concerning aesthetic characteristics of grown BC will be presented and discussed. To have a better control on the BC shaping it has …
We’Ve Never Learned To Talk About It’: Considerations For Design Researchers To Address Intimacy And Sexuality., Yoni Lefévre, Niels Hendriks, Andrea Wilkinson
We’Ve Never Learned To Talk About It’: Considerations For Design Researchers To Address Intimacy And Sexuality., Yoni Lefévre, Niels Hendriks, Andrea Wilkinson
IASDR Conference Series
This paper aims to learn from existing design research literature on taboo topics to inform the development of a research project about sexual health in later life. Participatory design approaches can play a role to better understand the complexities of researching taboos and navigate in sensitive situations. A rapid literature review focused on taboos related to people’s individual sexual experiences of the body, resulted in identifying five actionable design considerations: 1) make taboos visible and interactive for people to respond to, 2) use humor to overcome the awkwardness of taboos, 3) design together on taboo subjects for more inclusive futures, …
Community Empowerment: Lessons Learned From A Local Health Programme, Mariana Fonseca Braga, Alejandro Moreno-Rangel, Emmanuel Tsekleves
Community Empowerment: Lessons Learned From A Local Health Programme, Mariana Fonseca Braga, Alejandro Moreno-Rangel, Emmanuel Tsekleves
IASDR Conference Series
The use of complex public health systems to empower communities is often met with challenges and frustrations. Community empowerment programmes focus on improving mental and physical health needs, enabling individuals to become active members of the local community through collective actions. Design research plays a crucial role in understanding the interactions between health and communities. Healthier Fleetwood is a successful community empowerment program in the northwest of the UK, that connects residents with local services, groups, and events to foster a sense of community and encourage them to control their health and well-being. The success of this approach and its …
Olfactory Stimulus As Design Material: Designing An Engaging Interaction Between User And Ai Chatbot, Cecilia Lee
Olfactory Stimulus As Design Material: Designing An Engaging Interaction Between User And Ai Chatbot, Cecilia Lee
IASDR Conference Series
This study explores the lack of user engagement challenge observed in human-AI chatbot interaction from a design research perspective. Olfactory stimulus has the most intimate linkage to the human brains that directly control human emotions, but it has been under-explored as design material for interaction design in human-chatbot interaction. This study inquires into how service designers can leverage the olfactory stimulus as potential design material to design for an interactive experience that enables value co-creation between user and chatbot, which results in enhanced user engagement. The challenge of user engagement is examined through the theoretical lens of service dominant logic …
Combination Of Experiential Learning To Investigate Design Students’ Design Thinking Ability, Yu-Chen Chen, Hsi-Jen Chen, Chia-Han Yang
Combination Of Experiential Learning To Investigate Design Students’ Design Thinking Ability, Yu-Chen Chen, Hsi-Jen Chen, Chia-Han Yang
IASDR Conference Series
The study investigated the relationship between Experiential Learning and design students’ design thinking ability. Experiential Learning was divided into three modes: grasping experience, transforming experience, and the Learning styles, and design thinking ability was evaluated in four phases, Discover, Define, Develop, and Deliver. One hundred and four undergraduate students (from sophomore to senior) majoring in Industrial Design responded to the Learning Style Inventory-version 3.1 and the design thinking ability questionnaire. Independent Sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed to analyze the differences in design thinking ability associated with Experiential Learning. The findings of the study indicated that in the Define …
Using Ar Hmd In Exhibition: Effects Of Guidance Methods And Spatial Relative Positions, Kexing Wang, Zhenlin Song, Xuanhui Liu, Pei Chen, Lingyun Sun
Using Ar Hmd In Exhibition: Effects Of Guidance Methods And Spatial Relative Positions, Kexing Wang, Zhenlin Song, Xuanhui Liu, Pei Chen, Lingyun Sun
IASDR Conference Series
AR devices have the potential to augment the space of exhibitions, provide flexible and diverse interactions between visitors and exhibits, and enhance the viewing experience. To keep the virtual objects from blocking the real exhibits, the virtual objects may appear out of view and cause extra searching efforts for the visitors. Current studies have provided multiple guidance methods to deal with the out-of-view problem, yet they haven’t provided specific advice in the exhibition scenario. This research conducted a within-subject experiment in an exhibition to compare three kinds of guidance methods (i.e., arrow, radar, and spatial sound) with relative positions covering …
How Do Psi Labs Establish Legitimacy?: Dynamics, Approaches, And Knowledge Creation, Kazuki Mori, Hironori Iwasaki
How Do Psi Labs Establish Legitimacy?: Dynamics, Approaches, And Knowledge Creation, Kazuki Mori, Hironori Iwasaki
IASDR Conference Series
Public Sector Innovation Labs (PSI labs) have been increasingly established globally in response to the growing complexity of social issues. These labs typically adopt design-oriented approaches, which may engender potential conflicts with existing organizational cultures due to their exploratory nature. While this has led to the discussion on the organizational perspective to overcome such obstacles, previous research has emphasized the managerial layer, and there are limited discussions on establishing legitimacy on the part of PSI labs. To fill this gap, this paper examines the process of establishing legitimacy—how PSI Labs can gain approval, support, or continuous project opportunities from management …
Design Education 4.0: Technology-Driven Design Futures & The Future Of Design Education, Eujin Pei, Sung Jun Kim, Seongbeom Kim, Daehun Lee, Seunghoon Lee, James Self
Design Education 4.0: Technology-Driven Design Futures & The Future Of Design Education, Eujin Pei, Sung Jun Kim, Seongbeom Kim, Daehun Lee, Seunghoon Lee, James Self
IASDR Conference Series
Design education has always strived to equip future designers the knowledge, skills, and expertise to work at the intersection of applied technology and the people who use it. The difference for contemporary design is the accelerating pace of technological change. Where previous generations expected to use the same core technology throughout their lifetime, users now and into the future will experience significant change within a generation. We report a project aimed at understanding how design education must change to leverage the opportunity of technology-driven design futures. In an international, collaborative project on the future of design education, we report a …
Creating National Strategy For Circular Design Through Co-Design: An Australian Perspective, Simon Lockrey, Allister Hill, Liam Fennessy, Helen Millicer, Richard Collins, Juliette Anich, Karli Verghese
Creating National Strategy For Circular Design Through Co-Design: An Australian Perspective, Simon Lockrey, Allister Hill, Liam Fennessy, Helen Millicer, Richard Collins, Juliette Anich, Karli Verghese
IASDR Conference Series
For years design has been touted as defining a significant portion of the environmental impacts of everyday products and systems. ‘Sustainability’ has been a lens often chosen to tackle related environmental issues that humanity faces; the Brundtland Report describes sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Design focused on reducing the environmental impacts of materials embedded within products necessitates an engagement in whole systems and aligns with the rise of global product stewardship arrangements, waste export bans, the right-to-repair movement, and the circular economy. …
Dip Into The Future: Building A Design Curriculum To Enable Design Students To Work With Machine Learning, Zhibin Zhou, Zhuoshu Li, Wenan Li, Yitao Fan, Weitao You
Dip Into The Future: Building A Design Curriculum To Enable Design Students To Work With Machine Learning, Zhibin Zhou, Zhuoshu Li, Wenan Li, Yitao Fan, Weitao You
IASDR Conference Series
Machine learning (ML) is used to enhance an increasing number of intelligent products, yet it is not a well-explored topic in user experience (UX) design education. ML is iteratively trained using collected data and its technical properties (e.g., accuracy rate) constantly change when it is used. It would be extremely difficult for UX design students to understand ML technology, not to mention identify design opportunities around ML, or implement an ML-enhanced design proposal. In particular, the growable nature of ML, such as its unpredictable, ever-changing, and data-driven nature, makes it difficult to apply ML in ideation and prototype. To prepare …
Designing Ambi-Bracelet - An Interactive Bracelet For Ambient Communication Between Partners, Virve Inget, Heiko Müller, Hong Li
Designing Ambi-Bracelet - An Interactive Bracelet For Ambient Communication Between Partners, Virve Inget, Heiko Müller, Hong Li
IASDR Conference Series
In this paper, we address the theme of future products design, proposed a design for an ambient communication bracelet, which combines digital technology and with jewellery making tradition. The work presents an example of future visions where unobtrusive interactive wearables are used for emotional communication. The paper presents the concept design process and prototype for an interactive jewellery, Ambi-Bracelet. The interactive bracelet is targeted as an aesthetic and simple communication device between couples over distance. The work is especially relevant now, when the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged our way of socialising and communicating with our network of loved ones and …
Designing Longevity Planning Blocks Through Experimental Participatory Observation And Interviews, Sheng-Hung Lee, Joseph F. Coughlin, Alexa Balmuth, Chaiwoo Lee, Lauren Cerino, Maria Yang, Eric Klopfer, Olivier L. De Weck, John Ochsendorf
Designing Longevity Planning Blocks Through Experimental Participatory Observation And Interviews, Sheng-Hung Lee, Joseph F. Coughlin, Alexa Balmuth, Chaiwoo Lee, Lauren Cerino, Maria Yang, Eric Klopfer, Olivier L. De Weck, John Ochsendorf
IASDR Conference Series
The financial industry is under a transformational shift to cater to the change in our demographics. Between 2015 and 2050, the ratio among the world’s population over 60 years old will nearly double (from 12% to 22%) according to WHO (World Health Organization) data in 2022. Without a doubt, financial planning involves a series of large, complicated challenges, especially considering different countries' political situations, diverse cultures, various birth rates, ethical issues, healthcare systems, emerging technologies, and economic conditions. The study explores how the usage of interactive, tangible artifacts and services, informed by Human-Centered Design and creative process, could empower people …
Increasing Preventive Care Through Increased Access To Healthy Foods, Danijela Kaurin, Sarah Syed, Bahra Chabo, Gulad Ali, Adam Sagerman, Santosh Basapur
Increasing Preventive Care Through Increased Access To Healthy Foods, Danijela Kaurin, Sarah Syed, Bahra Chabo, Gulad Ali, Adam Sagerman, Santosh Basapur
IASDR Conference Series
Food deserts are areas that lack the availability of fresh, affordable, and nutritious foods. Almost half of the food in the United States of America is wasted every year, yet somehow there are thousands of food deserts. This lack of nutritious food for people of all ages negatively impacts health outcomes as chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease are rising quickly. Preventive care is a practice in which patients take the initiative to make healthier choices in life to prevent the onset or progression of chronic illness. An example of such initiatives is eating and preparing more nutritious …
Designing The Prosthetic Appearance In Virtual Reality With The Collaboration Of Participants And Users, Ming-Huang Lin, Ling Lee
Designing The Prosthetic Appearance In Virtual Reality With The Collaboration Of Participants And Users, Ming-Huang Lin, Ling Lee
IASDR Conference Series
Based on the approach of research through design, this research combines virtual reality (VR) and participatory design method to develop and customize the appearance of wearable assistive devices. It attempts to test the efficiency of developing designs with the help of VR, especially the collaborative capabilities with various participants and users without design background. The study cases are three wearable assistive device users (one shoulder amputation (AE) case and two hand deformity cases) at our partner institution, Disabled Reconstruction Center of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, with the design goal of helping them design prosthetic accessories. The research focuses on testing …
Design Sprints For Assistive Technology; A Discussion Advocating Co-Creation Between Design, Lived Experience And Occupational Therapy, Hana Phillips, Gianni Renda, Rachael Mcdonald
Design Sprints For Assistive Technology; A Discussion Advocating Co-Creation Between Design, Lived Experience And Occupational Therapy, Hana Phillips, Gianni Renda, Rachael Mcdonald
IASDR Conference Series
The World Health Organisation (WHO) see access to appropriate assistive technology as a human right. However, only one in ten people can access their assistive technology needs. Increasingly, we are seeing collaborative design practice within assistive technology, though it is far from normalised in practice. To explore the potential for collaborative design within assistive technology, we held two design sprints with People With Lived Experience Of Disability (PWLED), design professionals and occupational therapists. We then conducted focus groups to understand what participants learned in this process and the potential opportunities and challenges in implementing collaborative design practices in the current …
Bio-Brutalism; Five Case Studies Framing The Emergence Of New Raw Aesthetics At The Intersection Of Material Regeneration, Environmental Design, And Craft, Fernando Galdon, Harry Hosker, Hugo Garcia, William Eliot, Anna Tsiganchuk, Shaoyu Wang, Delfina Fantini, Robert Phillips
Bio-Brutalism; Five Case Studies Framing The Emergence Of New Raw Aesthetics At The Intersection Of Material Regeneration, Environmental Design, And Craft, Fernando Galdon, Harry Hosker, Hugo Garcia, William Eliot, Anna Tsiganchuk, Shaoyu Wang, Delfina Fantini, Robert Phillips
IASDR Conference Series
As we move towards a regenerative paradigm for crafts, with new objectives, methods, and practices, questions arise regarding the aesthetics of these emerging forms. To address this issue, the main author developed a module aimed at exploring furniture design at the intersection of regenerative materials, structures, and aesthetics in greater depth. In this context, five cases have been selected to frame the quintessential characteristics of these new raw aesthetics.These case studies showcase varying approaches, with some generating new aesthetic qualities by introducing novel processes, while others embrace a strictly analogue approach to highlight literal aesthetics.The resulting aesthetics have been categorised …
Building Design Agency Through Bodystorming, Stefana Broadbent, Valentina Auricchio, Marta Corubolo, Vanessa Monna
Building Design Agency Through Bodystorming, Stefana Broadbent, Valentina Auricchio, Marta Corubolo, Vanessa Monna
IASDR Conference Series
When addressing urgent issues such as climate change and the social impacts this will have on our future living environments, as designers and design educators, we must critically ask ourselves if the mindsets, approaches, processes, methods, and tools we know are appropriate or need inquiry to evolve. This paper presents an experimental technique the authors have been applying in the past four years of teaching in an international design studio that aims to imagine products and services for future uncertain times. In planning the course the main challenge was to understand which would be the best method for designers to …
The Dronetic Moment: Future Of Drone Light Show & Lighting Design In Concerts, Pak Lam Sin, Soojin Jun
The Dronetic Moment: Future Of Drone Light Show & Lighting Design In Concerts, Pak Lam Sin, Soojin Jun
IASDR Conference Series
Stage lighting design in concerts are being transformed along the development of innovative advanced technologies. Drone technology and its potential practices are continuously examined. Adopting drone light shows in concerts is becoming the trend. The purpose of this research is to explore the potential of drone light show application in concerts. This paper will investigate the differences between stage lighting and drone light show in five main perspectives. Subjects who had experience watching drone light shows in concerts are recruited for survey and in-depth interview to gain insight of their experiences. Findings from the research show that contextual communication, large …
Design Characteristics In Outdoor Seating Areas – A Study Of Coffee Shops In Hong Kong And Copenhagen, Mia Münster
Design Characteristics In Outdoor Seating Areas – A Study Of Coffee Shops In Hong Kong And Copenhagen, Mia Münster
IASDR Conference Series
Transitional spaces, or ‘in-between’ areas, those connecting the interior and exterior spaces of shops, cafés and restaurants–these are spheres of interaction between commercial and public spaces. In them, through the use of design elements, stores communicate the nature of their offerings, their services, and their values to the outside world; consumers, in turn, decode these elements as a part of their decision to patronize the store. Increasingly, these transitional spaces incorporate areas for outdoor seating. In these areas, parts of the surrounding neighborhood are pulled into the store’s sphere, while the store’s sphere is simultaneously projected into the surrounding area. …
Co-Design For Interdisciplinary Research Communities, P.J. White, Colin Deevy, Brian Casey, Audrey Patocs, Parminder Raina
Co-Design For Interdisciplinary Research Communities, P.J. White, Colin Deevy, Brian Casey, Audrey Patocs, Parminder Raina
IASDR Conference Series
Complex research challenges facing society today require an integrative approach, therefore, interdisciplinary research is now required more often. By creating interdisciplinary research communities, we facilitate communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing between researchers from different fields. It can however be difficult to create interdisciplinary communities within universities, but co-design methods have been seen as being beneficial in doing so. Reporting and reflecting on three case studies (including N=130 participants), this paper aims to explore the use of co-design methods in creating interdisciplinary research communities In this paper, we focus on two main characteristics of co-design workshops. 1. Design/ Scheduling and Planning …
Climate Adaptation In Design Education: Applying A Four-Step Research By Design Strategy, Ifigenia Psarra, Luc Willekens
Climate Adaptation In Design Education: Applying A Four-Step Research By Design Strategy, Ifigenia Psarra, Luc Willekens
IASDR Conference Series
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the insights gained by testing in a design studio a particular research by design strategy, focusing on the generation of innovative climate adaptation solutions. The strategy is based on the Design Thinking Process and has been applied in the climate adaptation design studio, which took place in 2022 at a Master of Architecture degree program in the Netherlands. The case study area was the Zernike university campus in Groningen, the Netherlands, which is situated in the verge between the city and the surrounding rural landscape, facing the urgent climate change challenges of …
The Challenge Of Hyperdistraction For Design Education, Joao Ferreira
The Challenge Of Hyperdistraction For Design Education, Joao Ferreira
IASDR Conference Series
This paper explores the concept of hyperdistraction, a cognitive state where a person constantly changes focus from one digital task to another and has a consistently low tolerance to boredom. The paper presents several studies that show that hyperdistraction is prevalent among younger generations, resulting in increased anxiety, poor mental health, and academic decline. Next, we highlight the challenges that design educators face to help students learn how to design in the face of a constant stream of information arriving at a rate the brain cannot process. We argue that managing attention is crucial for creative disciplines like design, which …
Co-Creation Through Digital Fabrication Technology: A Systematic Literature Review, Sehrish Khan, Sohail Ahmed Soomro, Dorina Rajanen, Georgi V. Georgiev
Co-Creation Through Digital Fabrication Technology: A Systematic Literature Review, Sehrish Khan, Sohail Ahmed Soomro, Dorina Rajanen, Georgi V. Georgiev
IASDR Conference Series
Co-creation is one of the popular methods for designing nowadays. Similarly, digital fabrication technology (DFT) is commonly used in all design research, education, and manufacturing industries. DFT is considered an effective way to make prototypes of any design due to usage of multiple types of tools. DFT is mostly used in various fabrication spaces like fab labs and makerspaces. Therefore, using DFT in makerspaces to materialize a design using co-creation is apparently a desired scenario for making prototypes of design ideas. Previous research points towards the use of design thinking model while making designs in makerspaces using DFT. However, there …