Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Broken Promises: Rape, Race, And The Union Army, Kellie J. Hedgers

All Master's Theses

Through the use of Union courts-martial records, this paper will examine the ways in which black women who had been assaulted by white men were denied justice in military courts. Although the Union Army was often perceived of as an army representing freedom and higher moral purpose, the court martial records reveal a darker side. They reveal that sometimes black women found no safety behind Union lines; rather, they found themselves victims of sexual violence by white men and had little recourse to justice. Although outwardly the Union Army was devoted to abolishing slavery, the inner workings of its courts …

The Rise And Fall Of The Minnesota Middle Ground: Henry Hastings Sibley And The Ethnic Cleansing Of Minnesota, Jordan Scott Bergstrom

All Master's Theses

Henry Hastings Sibley (1811-1891), fur trader and eventual first governor of Minnesota, worked closely among the sub-division of “Sioux” Indians known as the Dakota. Sibley first aided in the development of what historian Richard White called a “Middle Ground,” a racially mixed and symbiotic society. Later in his life, however, he assisted in negotiating treaties that transformed that frontier society into a racially divided and oppressive one. The result was the outbreak of hostilities between Indians, Whites, and mixed-race people in the Great Sioux Uprising, and ultimately the ethnic cleansing of Minnesota. This study approaches Sibley’s involvement on a microhistorical …

Control Of Violence, Control Of Fear: The Progression Of Gun Control In San Francisco, 1847-1923, Josselyn P. Huerta

All Master's Theses

This paper focuses on gun control in San Francisco between 1847 and 1923, from the control of the rowdy men of the gold rush, to the management of the Chinese, to the control of the sale and distribution of firearms. For the purpose of this study, the main sources used to understand public perceptions are newspapers, specifically the Daily Alta California, San Francisco Call, and San Francisco Chronicle. While it is impossible to completely recreate the attitudes towards guns, newspapers provide a window into public opinion, while also providing multiple opinions on the same or similar subjects. In addition, …

Whispers From The Grave: Stories Of The Evans Family And Other Early Settlers On Swauk Prairie, Wesley C. Engstrom, Mary Lou Dills

Works by Local Authors

In 1882 Jesse James Evans and his family were one of the last pioneers to follow the Oregon trail by Wagon, pulled by mules, intending to settle in the Puget Sound area. Instead they ended up joining a half-dozen or so early settlers on Swauk Prairie in Kittitas County. They sent word back to Missouri to neighbors and relatives and eventually most of the early settlers on Swauk Prairie were connected in some way to the Evans.

This book was written because an Evans family historian, Mary Lou Dills, and a local Swauk historian, Wesley Engstrom, just happened to meet …

''I Want My Agency Moved Back ... , My Dear White Sisters": Discourses On Yakama Reservation Reform, 1920s-1930s, Talea Anderson

Library Scholarship

This article discusses the multiple, competing discourses surrounding the relocation of the Yakima Indian Agency during the 1920s-1930s. Specifically, it considers whether Yakama Indians were able to exercise agency in their fight against government officials and businessmen during the relocation debate, and how they did so by appropriating the discourse of the women's clubs in the Pacific Northwest. As an entry point to these discourses, the article uses the work of a particular women, Margaret Splawn, who stood at the nexus between business, women's club, and indigenous interests in her West.

“Savages” In The Service Of Empire: Native American Soldiers In Gorham's Rangers, 1744–1762, Brian D. Carroll

History Faculty Scholarship

Gorham's Rangers, initially an all-Indian ranger company, was instrumental in Britain's conquest of Nova Scotia (Acadia) during the eighteenth century. In the process of uncovering that story, the essay assesses New England Indians’ role in shaping colonial frontier warfare as well as the impact of military service on Native American communities.

The Migration Of People: A Model Application Exploring Washington State History, Jamie Nicole Hartman

All Graduate Projects

One of the things that makes Washington State a culturally competent and perceptive place to live is its deep history and appreciation of the migration of its' people. This project is designed to serve as a model and resource for upper elementary school teachers that are seeking to integrate the migration of people into their Washington State History curriculum. A sample inquiry-based curriculum for upper elementary school students "The Migration of People" is offered as a depiction of exceptional classroom practice. Student roles, activities, and assessment methods are portrayed, along with thier connection to core curriculum content and the Washington …

Cooking Up A Nation: Food, Culture, And Identity In The Early American Republic, Karen Anne Bailor

All Master's Theses

Post-Revolutionary American food, common and genteel, acted as both a construct of and contributor to the development of an American national identity as well as a national culinary identity. From 1796 and into the early nineteenth century, Americans actively strove to distinguish themselves from their British backgrounds. As a result, the public discourse of American food shifted to reflect new values of simplicity and equality. Additionally, a new American cuisine began to take shape which embraced native crops, linking those who consumed them to the American soil, and ultimately, the new nation. Through the presence of particular dishes at politically …

The Dickey Bird Scientists Take Charge: Science, Policy, And The Spotted Owl, Thomas R. Wellock

History Faculty Scholarship

In 1992, the Forest Service adopted a new operating policy, Ecosystem Management, which minimized the agency's timber production goals in favor of a more ecologically balanced view of its responsibilities. In explaining this shift, scholars have dismissed the possibility of internal reform, arguing that the Service could not change without irresistible external pressure from environmental activists and new public values supporting biodiversity. Viewing the Service's shift through the lens of the spotted owl controversy, however, demonstrates the important role agency culture played in instigating bureaucratic change. The Service's evolution stemmed from the rising influence of its scientists in policy formation. …

Differentiated Instruction, Tracy E. Winzer

All Graduate Projects

The advantages of differentiated insh·uction compared to traditional direct instruction were contrasted aud compared in this study. The research examined the need for differentiation in public school classrooms with a wide range of student skill aud ability. The focus of the research was to determine whether or not differentiation is a sound and best teaching practice, and to what extent it should be incorporated into national curriculum instruction. The project centered on the creation of a differentiated unit for au eleventh grade U.S. Hist01y class. The unit is designed to accommodate a mixed-ability classroom by using differentiated instruction strategies. The …

Normal Schools Of The Pacific Northwest: The Lifelong Impact Of Extracurricular Club Activities On Women Students At Teacher-Training Institutions, 1890-1917, Karen J. Blair

History Faculty Scholarship

Historical scholarship on the normal schools in the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries has emphasized the curricular goals of these state-funded institutions. Yet the afterschool clubs at these institutions also held great importance in the lives of budding educators, both immediately and in the course of their careers. An examination of the two major types of groups that students were involved in—literary societies and service associations, both of which Washington State's three normal schools expected and sometimes required their enrollees to join—reveals several predictable and unpredictable immediate and long-term results.

Teaching Washington State History Through The Arts: A Curricular Guide, Rebekah Norgard

All Graduate Projects

Students benefit both academically and nonacademically when a core subject is taught through the arts. The arts allow students to develop cognitively, extend their research skills, define their ability to problem solve, and strengthen their self-image. Personal connections and student attentiveness is increased when classes incorporate the study of the arts. The purpose of this project was to encourage the integration of arts into core subjects and provide a framework and examples of effective arts content infusion as an instructional strategy for use by Washington State History teachers.

Spirit Of Liberty: History Of A Gold Mining Camp And Its School, Wesley C. Engstrom

Works by Local Authors

This book presents the history of a school in a mining camp of the late 1800's with emphasis on preserving names of early pioneers involved in creating the school. To put the school itself in proper perspective the history of the development of the gold mines is included as well as the history of Liberty, Washington.

Moving Past Oppression To Empowerment: A Framework For Infusion Of Positive Historical Attributes Of Diverse Populations In High School United States History Curriculum, Grifan Inglis Cayce

All Graduate Projects

The relationship between student dispositions and content regarding historically marginalized cultures was studied. Research explored how the delivery by the teacher on challenging subjects would have a direct result on student dispositions and learning. The research supported the need to change the current approach of teaching United States history into a transformative model where students are challenged to think about history from different perspectives. Implications for curriculum delivery are discussed.

"Make It Real": A Guide To Implementing And Connecting State Madated Classroom-Based Assessments With The National History Day Curriculum At The Middle School Level, Richard Reuther

All Graduate Projects

This manuscript is intended to provide a framework for teachers to use the National History Day curriculum as a qualifying classroom-based assessment which will be required for all Washington State gth Grade Social Studies classes in 2008. A review of the literature of National History Day as well as classroom-based assessments is included. A plan for a preliminary assessment of available resources is explored, as well as a sequential topic-bytopic plan for implementing National History Day. Possible variations of student-centered activities are included; student roles in the research process and self-assessment are discussed. Alignment with Washington State Essential Academic Learning …

An Interdisciplinary, Teaming Approach To History And English Instruction At The Secondary Level, Miles J. Caples

All Graduate Projects

The relationship of integrating history and English objectives to enhance student achievement was studied. A model curriculum has been developed to connect U.S. History and American Literature content. Research has been obtained that indicates improved student learning when subjects are integrated in a relevant fashion. Secondary schools using interdisciplinary curriculum are showing improved GPA's, attendance and standardized test scores. Secondary teachers must align their daily lesson plans and assessments with the state essential learning's in both the history and language arts area.

Integration Of American History And American Literature, Diane Main

All Graduate Projects

The development of an integrated curriculum for American History and American Literature is presented. The purpose of this project is to integrate concepts from American History with the concepts typically taught in an American Literature course. This project is intended for use at the secondary level, specifically for use at Eisenhower High School, Yakima, Washington. Many feel that it is important for students to have the ability to transfer information from one area to another. It has also been deemed important that students are capable of critical thinking. The project that has been developed will help students do both.

An Integrated Approach To Teaching Washington State History In A Seventh Grade Humanities Block, Erika Lee Martin

All Graduate Projects

For the 2002-2003 school year, Sultan School District (WA) made the decision to move the Washington State History course from the high school level to be taught at the middle school level, specifically in the seventh grade Humanities block for a semester. This decision was made to be in compliance with the future state Social Studies requirements. Since the Humanities course was already based on the theory of integrating Geography with Language Arts, a new curriculum needed to be developed to incorporate the new Washington State History material. A team of teachers decided to take this task on and develop …

A Model United States History Developmental Reading Skills Curriculum In Alignment With Washington State Essential Academic Learning Requirements, Mario R. Casello

All Graduate Projects

The purpose ofthis project was to develop a model, United States History developmental reading skills curriculum, for resource room students, at Governor John R. Rogers High School, Puyallup, Washington. The model curriculum was designed in alignment with the Washington State Essential Academic Learning Requirements (EALR'S). To accomplish this purpose, current research and literature was reviewed. Additionally, related information from selected sources was obtained and analyzed.

A U.S. History Model For Enhancing Essential Academic Learning Requirements In Reading, Christopher Matthew Jorgensen

All Graduate Projects

The relationship between reading strategies that enhance essential learning in both · reading and history was studied. A U.S. History model has been developed to make connections between the teaching of history content and reading comprehension. Research has been obtained that indicates a direct correlation between student learning in a content area classroom and the integration ofreading strategies within daily lesson plans. Secondary teachers must be taught by teacher preparation programs and coached by administrators on how to develop lesson plans based on their students' need to use effective reading strategies. Secondary teachers must align their daily lessons and assessments …

Using Literature And Language Arts To Teach The American Revolution To Fifth Grade Students, Tara L. Affholter

All Graduate Projects

Teachers who combine language arts with social studies are not only able to teach content, but can also integrate literary elements and comprehension as well, while using literature groups. Students who were taught using novels, with various writing tasks to complete, lectures, and projects made great gains in social studies content, reading writing and communication skills.

Designing A United States History Curriculum: A Thematic Approach, David Paul Willecke

All Graduate Projects

A cun-iculum framework for a one-year eleventh grade United States History course was designed. The Framework included the development of nine themes at the unit level and one theme at the lesson level. Goals and objectives were developed at the course, unit, and lesson level. The potential for thematic instruction to improve history teaching was discussed, as well as the challenges of designing thematic curriculum.

"This Province, So Meanly And Thinly Inhabited": Punishing Maryland's Criminals, 1681-1850, Jim Rice

History Faculty Scholarship

This essay examines three questions, in each case using the colony and state of Maryland as a case study. First, why did some states adopt the penitentiary so much earlier than others? Pennsylvania opened one in 1790, but South Carolina waited until 1868 to do so. Given the variations in timing, did different states establish penitentiaries for different reasons? That seems to have been the case, as a comparison of Maryland's path to the penitentiary with that of other jurisdictions will demonstrate. Second, was the penitentiary truly revolutionary? Perhaps in some places, but not in Maryland. Third, did the diverse …

Seeing History Through Literature: An Interdisciplinary Unit On World War Ii, William White

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to design and develop a model interdisciplinary unit combining English and history at the junior year. To accomplish this purpose, current research and literature on integration was reviewed. Additionally, learning objectives, teaching strategies, educational activities and instructional materials were developed and adapted. The curriculum focuses on World War II. It should serve as a possible example of how integration might work to effectively facilitate an understanding of history through literature and literature through history.

Carbonado: The History Of A Coal Mining Town In The Foothills Of Mount Rainier, 1880-1937, John Hamilton Streepy

All Master's Theses

The history of the coal mining town of Carbonado, Washington was studied. Starting from a brief description of the formation and discovery of coal in Western Washington, the fifty-seven year history of active coal mining was covered in this project. Topics included town leadership, coal mining peculiarities in the region, living in a company town, the plight of Chinese workers in the 1880s, and the labor strikes after World War I that led to the eventual closing of the mines. The project ended with a description of life in the town after major coal mining operations ended in 1937. Also …

Mid-Twentieth Century Pioneering Of The Royal Slope Of Central Washington, Ellis Wayne Allred

Graduate Student Projects

Pioneering of the Royal Slope in central Washington State is explored. Interviews with original settlers, especially those who arrived in 1955 and 1956, the first two years in which water from The Columbia Basin Project was available for farming on the Royal Slope, are the primary sources used. An overview of earlier attempts to settle the area without the benefit of water and power is also included.

To Assimilate The Children: The Boarding School At Chemawa, Oregon 1880-1930, James Alan Smith

All Master's Theses

Separating Native American children from their people to train them for entering white society was seen by proponents as an alternative to extinction. Reformers implemented this goal by establishing off-reservation boarding schools like that at Chemawa, Oregon. Though their methods changed, the objective of assimilation remained constant. This case study argues that this emphasis was well-intentioned but flawed. Examination of a fifty year period reveals the unrealistic assumption that Native children would forsake their identity for another.

Simulations For Teaching Concepts On Washington State, Cynthia Louise Buettgenbach

All Graduate Projects

Simulation lessons and materials were developed to teach concepts on Washington State to a classroom of fourth grade students. The activities in which the students participated were the following:

1) planned trips to the five geographic regions of Washington State;

2) became part of an Indian tribe and held a meeting with other tribes at Sacajawea Park;

3) played a board game, traveling with Lewis and Clark to the Pacific Ocean;

4) held mock state elections and one legislative session.

Students showed an increased interest in social studies through the simulations.

The Body Of John Merryman: Ex Parte Merryman, A Case Of Executive-Judicial Conflict Over The Suspension Of Habeas Corpus, Eric Paul Anderson

All Master's Theses

At the outbreak of the Civil War the Federal military arrested certain people whose loyalty was suspect. One victim, John Merryman, attempted to free himself by petitioning for a writ of habeas corpus. However, President Lincoln authorized the military to suspend the writ in such cases. The matter came before Chief Justice Taney who disputed the president's authority to suspend the writ and ruled in Merryman's favor. This thesis recounts the history of the habeas corpus process in Anglo-American law and its inclusion in the Constitution, Merryman's role in the first hostilities, his arrest, and the attempt to free him. …

History Of Thorp, Kittitas County, State Of Washington To 1901, William R. Fields Jr.

Master of Education Graduate Projects

This paper presents the history of Thorp, Washington, from its beginning to 1901. The study covers settlement, economic development, educational facilities, occupations, land use, road construction, and cultural characteristics of this area. It is presented in a chronological format with a topical table of contents for easy reference. A list of taped interviews is included in the appendix.

Recommendations included use as a resource for teachers and students in the elementary and secondary school of Ellensburg, Washington.