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Philosophy

2015

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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

"Comunità Umana", Antonio Calcagno Dec 2014

"Comunità Umana", Antonio Calcagno

Antonio Calcagno

Se noi, per la Stein, accettiamo l’introduzione di una nuova categoria sociale, cioè, la comunità umana universale, bisogna porsi alcune domande. In primo luogo, come giustifica la Stein la tenuta di una siffatta realtà? In secondo luogo, la sua posizione è solida, date le recenti critiche mosse ad una tale possibilità nei lavori di filosofi come R. Esposito e M. Foucault? Ritengo che qui la Stein giustifichi la possibilità del concetto di umanità su un piano fenomenologico e teologico. Oserei dire che possiamo anche trovare motivazioni storico-politiche per la sua affermazione. Infine, sebbene sia veramente convinto della fattibilità del concetto/realtà …


Framing The Issues In Moral Terms Iii: Rights And Right Conduct, Robert Williams Dec 2014

Framing The Issues In Moral Terms Iii: Rights And Right Conduct, Robert Williams

Robert E. Williams Jr.

The development of a global human rights culture has had a profound effect on the way discussions of military ethics are framed. This is most apparent in the development of the “responsibility to protect” norm amid a broader debate concerning military intervention to stop serious human rights abuses. With policymakers and international lawyers, many just war theorists have adopted an understanding of military ethics centered on human rights. This essay describes the development of the rights-based perspective on the use of force and its impact on key questions regarding the resort to war and just conduct in war.


Engineering Managers And Sustainable Systems: The Need For And Challenges Of Using An Ethical Framework For Transformative Leadership, Sharon Jones, Diane Michelfelder, Indira Nair Dec 2014

Engineering Managers And Sustainable Systems: The Need For And Challenges Of Using An Ethical Framework For Transformative Leadership, Sharon Jones, Diane Michelfelder, Indira Nair

Diane Michelfelder

No abstract provided.


The Worldmakers: Global Imagining In Early Modern Europe, Ayesha Ramachandran Dec 2014

The Worldmakers: Global Imagining In Early Modern Europe, Ayesha Ramachandran

Ayesha Ramachandran

In this beautifully conceived book, Ayesha Ramachandran reconstructs the imaginative struggles of early modern artists, philosophers, and writers to make sense of something that we take for granted: the world, imagined as a whole. Once a new, exciting, and frightening concept, “the world” was transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. But how could one envision something that no one had ever seen in its totality? The Worldmakers moves beyond histories of globalization to explore how “the world” itself—variously understood as an object of inquiry, a comprehensive category, and a system of order—was self-consciously shaped by human agents. Gathering an …


“Extension”; “Mode”; “Body”; “Bacon”; “Infinite/Indefinite”, Geoffrey Gorham Dec 2014

“Extension”; “Mode”; “Body”; “Bacon”; “Infinite/Indefinite”, Geoffrey Gorham

Geoffrey A. Gorham

No abstract provided.


What’S So Creepy About Unibrows And Incest?, Charlene Elsby Dec 2014

What’S So Creepy About Unibrows And Incest?, Charlene Elsby

Charlene Elsby

No abstract provided.


Atheism, Todd Gooch Dec 2014

Atheism, Todd Gooch

Todd Gooch

This chapter examines the historical and conceptual interrelations among several influential critiques of religion that emerged in the history of German philosophy in the nineteenth century.  The chapter begins by describing factors leading to the fragmentation of the Hegelian school in the wake of the publication of D. F. Strauss’s Life of Jesus in 1835-36.  The second section traces Feuerbach’s development from the idealistic pantheism of his youth to the atheistic humanism and materialism of his later works, focusing mainly on the account of religious consciousness contained in The Essence of Christianity (1841).  The third section outlines the interpretation of …


Aristotle's Correspondence Theory Of Truth And What Does Not Exist, Charlene Elsby Dec 2014

Aristotle's Correspondence Theory Of Truth And What Does Not Exist, Charlene Elsby

Charlene Elsby

No abstract provided.


Children’S Rights, Well-Being, And Sexual Agency, Samantha Brennan, Jennifer Epp Dec 2014

Children’S Rights, Well-Being, And Sexual Agency, Samantha Brennan, Jennifer Epp

Samantha Brennan

No abstract provided.


Inciting Genocide With Words, Richard Ashby Wilson Dec 2014

Inciting Genocide With Words, Richard Ashby Wilson

Richard Ashby Wilson

This article calls for a rethinking of the causation element in the prevailing international criminal law on direct and public incitement to commit genocide. After the conviction of Nazi propagandist Julius Streicher at Nuremberg for crimes against humanity, the crime of direct and public incitement to commit genocide was established in the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide in 1948. The first (and thus far, only) convictions for the crime came fifty years later at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). The ICTR’s incitement jurisprudence is widely recognized as problematic, but no legal commentator has thus …


Earthlings Seeking Justice: Integrity, Consistency, And Collaboration., Carrie P. Freeman Dec 2014

Earthlings Seeking Justice: Integrity, Consistency, And Collaboration., Carrie P. Freeman

Carrie P. Freeman

This essay situates animal advocacy as the vital bridge connecting the struggle to protect the rights of human beings with the struggle to protect all living beings. Freeman theorizes why animal advocacy is marginalized among social movements, and explains why the movement should be considered central to a sustainable society that maintains justice for all sentient beings. Focusing on common ground between animal advocacy, human rights, and environmental advocacy an ideological basis is proposed on which these movements can coalesce to resist the ever-increasing corporate exploitation of life. The essay ends by utilizing exploitation of farmed animals as an example …


Review Of Ziporyn, Ironies And Beyond Oneness, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

Review Of Ziporyn, Ironies And Beyond Oneness, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Near the end of the second volume of the two books under review (hereafter referred to as Ironies and Beyond Oneness), Brook Ziporyn says that his goal has been to provide the power to think a greater number of more greatly differing thoughts.... Truth is important, but it is important only because it makes things so much more interesting(2/314). No one who reads these books with any charity can deny that he has achieved this goalin fact, far exceeded it. Ziporyn takes on the deepest issues and most difficult texts from a …


World Virtue Ethics, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

World Virtue Ethics, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

As many chapters in the present volume have shown, virtue ethics has been practiced and theorized in many different ways around the world. Different times and places have different lists of virtues, or differently-conceptualized notions of unified virtue; virtues have been justified in different ways, interrelated in different ways, and had differing degrees of centrality in broader traditions of ethical thinking and practice. The goal of this chapter is to offer present-day theorists some ways of making sense of this diversity, as it informs our philosophical work and ethical living, both today and into the future. The bulk of the …


Western, Chinese, And Universal Values, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

Western, Chinese, And Universal Values, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

Efforts to resist “Western values” and to promote “Chinese values” are often based on a crude cultural relativism which is implausible on both historical and philosophical grounds. Admittedly, worries about a facile equation of “West” with “universal” are sometimes well-founded, but the answer is not to retreat to a relativism that would limit all parties’ abilities to seek self-improvement. Rather, building on examples like Chinese new cosmopolitans and modern Confucians—including the great Confucian thinker Mou Zongsan (1909-1995)—current reformers should look to undermine dichotomous, monolithic “East versus West” views of the world. Chinese (and, for that matter, non-Chinese) education, cultural life, …


美国儒学:在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

美国儒学:在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

“美国儒教”的说法矛盾吗?是否儒教与中国或中华文化紧密相连,以至于 美国儒教这个概念本身就自相矛盾?当然,在美国有研究儒教的学者和学习儒教 的学生,但美国儒教似乎还需要更多的东西支撑。貌似合理的是,若要使美国儒 教的说法有意义,那在美国就必须有可能存在儒教,而不单单存在儒教研究者。 1再进一步思考是,如果存在美国儒教,那它是否可能会某种方式与众不同。如 果真的如此,我们或许就能将“在美国的儒教”(Confucians in America)与“美 国儒教”(American Confucians)区分开来。尽管儒教与中国存在历史联系,但 只要稍做思考,人们就会对“美国儒教”之说自相矛盾的观点产生疑问。毕竟, 儒教在日本和韩国都已有重要而独具特色的发展。更广一点说,我们不妨想一想 其他一些始于一种文化背景,而后在其他文化背景中生根发芽的传统,比如中国 的佛教或罗马的斯多葛派。事实上,美国佛教现已成为美国发展最快的宗教之一。 儒教也会这样吗? 


Fiction, Science, Or Faith – The Structure Of Scientific Revolution: A Planners Perspective. Another Visit To Thomas S. Kuhn: The Structure Of Scientific Revolutions., Michael A. Rodriguez Ph.D. Dec 2014

Fiction, Science, Or Faith – The Structure Of Scientific Revolution: A Planners Perspective. Another Visit To Thomas S. Kuhn: The Structure Of Scientific Revolutions., Michael A. Rodriguez Ph.D.

Anthony M Rodriguez Ph.D.

Thomas Kuhn and his work in 'The structure of scientific revolutions' is evaluated in the context of faith, science, and what constitute true change. Additionally, the notion of science and faith are contended as important relationships in true change.


Sometimes There Is Nothing Wrong With Letting A Child Drown, Travis Timmerman Dec 2014

Sometimes There Is Nothing Wrong With Letting A Child Drown, Travis Timmerman

Travis Timmerman

Peter Singer argues that we’re obligated to donate our entire expendable income to aid organizations. One premiss of his argument is "If it is in your power to prevent something bad from happening, without sacrificing anything nearly as important, it is wrong not to do so." Singer defends this by noting that commonsense morality requires us to save a child we find drowning in a shallow pond. I argue that Singer’s Drowning Child thought experiment doesn’t justify this premiss. I offer my own Drowning Children thought experiment, which should reveal that commonsense morality entails that premiss two is actually false.


The Myth Of The White Minority, Andrew Pierce Dec 2014

The Myth Of The White Minority, Andrew Pierce

Andrew J. Pierce

In recent years, and especially in the wake of Barack Obama’s reelection, projections that whites will soon become a minority have proliferated. In this essay, I will argue that such predictions are misleading at best, as they rest on questionable philosophical presuppositions, including the presupposition that racial concepts like ‘whiteness’ are static and unchanging rather than fluid and continually being reconstructed. If I am right about these fundamental inaccuracies, one must wonder why the myth of the white minority persists. I will argue that by re-envisioning whites as a minority culture struggling against a hostile dominant group, and by promoting …


Maquiavelo Y El Crecimiento Como Fin (Telos) Del Estado, William J. Connell Dec 2014

Maquiavelo Y El Crecimiento Como Fin (Telos) Del Estado, William J. Connell

William Connell

There is a tradition of attempting to solve outstanding problems in the interpretation of Machiavelli by studying the context (historical and linguistic) of his works, with a particular focus on Machiavellis use of such «keywords» as stato and virtù. What is often neglected is the extent to which Machiavelli intentionally diverged from the meaning and usage of his contemporaries precisely when it came to using such important terms. Since Machiavelli was trying to break free of his «context» contextual readings need to take care not to flatten his meaning. An examination of Machiavellis use of stato in combination with words …


Introduction To Linguistic Content, Margaret Cameron, Robert J. Stainton Dec 2014

Introduction To Linguistic Content, Margaret Cameron, Robert J. Stainton

Robert J. Stainton

No abstract provided.


美国儒学:在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

美国儒学:在传统与普世价值之间 [American Confucianism: Between Tradition And Universal Values], Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

“美国儒教”的说法矛盾吗?是否儒教与中国或中华文化紧密相连,以至于 美国儒教这个概念本身就自相矛盾?当然,在美国有研究儒教的学者和学习儒教 的学生,但美国儒教似乎还需要更多的东西支撑。貌似合理的是,若要使美国儒 教的说法有意义,那在美国就必须有可能存在儒教,而不单单存在儒教研究者。 1再进一步思考是,如果存在美国儒教,那它是否可能会某种方式与众不同。如 果真的如此,我们或许就能将“在美国的儒教”(Confucians in America)与“美 国儒教”(American Confucians)区分开来。尽管儒教与中国存在历史联系,但 只要稍做思考,人们就会对“美国儒教”之说自相矛盾的观点产生疑问。毕竟, 儒教在日本和韩国都已有重要而独具特色的发展。更广一点说,我们不妨想一想 其他一些始于一种文化背景,而后在其他文化背景中生根发芽的传统,比如中国 的佛教或罗马的斯多葛派。事实上,美国佛教现已成为美国发展最快的宗教之一。 儒教也会这样吗? 


Wang Chong, Truth, And Quasi-Pluralism, Lajos L. Brons Dec 2014

Wang Chong, Truth, And Quasi-Pluralism, Lajos L. Brons

Lajos Brons

In (2011) McLeod suggested that the first century Chinese philosopher Wang Chong 王充 may have been a pluralist about truth. In this reply I contest McLeod's interpretation of Wang Chong, and suggest "quasi-pluralism" (albeit more as an alternative to pluralism than as an interpretation of Wang Chong), which combines primitivism about the concept of truth with pluralism about justification.


Othering, An Analysis, Lajos L. Brons Dec 2014

Othering, An Analysis, Lajos L. Brons

Lajos Brons

Othering is the construction and identification of the self or in-group and the other or out-group in mutual, unequal opposition by attributing relative inferiority and/or radical alienness to the other/out-group. The notion of othering spread from feminist theory and post-colonial studies to other areas of the humanities and social sciences, but is originally rooted in Hegel’s dialectic of identification and distantiation in the encounter of the self with some other in his “Master-Slave dialectic”. In this paper, after reviewing the philosophical and psychological background of othering, I distinguish two kinds of othering, “crude” and “sophisticated”, that differ in the logical …


Anarchism As Metaphilosophy, Lajos L. Brons Dec 2014

Anarchism As Metaphilosophy, Lajos L. Brons

Lajos Brons

Philosophy once started as the critical reflection on relatively ordinary human concerns. Increasing specialization has moved the discipline farther and farther away from these concerns, however, undermining its relevance outside the academy, but has also resulting in an ever increasing fragmentation. This fragmentation has further divided the field into a large number of esoteric communities that hardly understand each other. "Further divided", because philosophy was already divided into schools and traditions that seem to speak mutually unintelligible languages. In addition to these problems for philosophy as a discipline or "cultural genre" (Rorty), this situation also creates a problem for individual …


Virtue Ethics, Rule Of Law, And Self-Restriction, Stephen C. Angle Dec 2014

Virtue Ethics, Rule Of Law, And Self-Restriction, Stephen C. Angle

Stephen C. Angle

It is a provocative coincidence that 1958 saw the publication of both Elizabeth Anscombe’s “Modern Moral Philosophy,” an essay widely seen as initiating the revival of Western philosophical interest in virtue ethics, and the “Manifesto to the World’s People on Behalf of Chinese Culture,” a jointly-authored argument that Confucianism was still alive and had much to offer to the world. A great deal of research and debate has flowed from each of these sources over the last half-century, but so far there has been very little dialogue between modern Western virtue ethics and modern Confucianism.1 Scholars of ancient Confucianism …


Moral Demands And Ethical Theory: The Case Of Consequentialism, Attila Tanyi Dec 2014

Moral Demands And Ethical Theory: The Case Of Consequentialism, Attila Tanyi

Attila Tanyi

Morality is demanding; this is a platitude. It is thus no surprise when we find that moral theories too, when we look into what they require, turn out to be demanding. However, there is at least one moral theory – consequentialism – that is said to be beset by this demandingness problem. This calls for an explanation: Why only consequentialism? This then leads to related questions: What is the demandingness problematic about? What exactly does it claim? Finally, there is the question of what we do if we accept that there is a demandingness problem for consequentialism: How can consequentialists …


On The Intrinsic Value Of Genetic Integrity, Attila Tanyi Dec 2014

On The Intrinsic Value Of Genetic Integrity, Attila Tanyi

Attila Tanyi

In their article “Is There a Prima Facie Duty to Preserve Genetic Integrity in Conservation Biology?” Yasha Rower and Emma Harris argue that there is no underived prima facie obligation to preserve genetic integrity. In particular, it is argued that there is no such obligation because genetic integrity has no intrinsic value. In this commentary I raise doubts about this part of the authors’ argument. I argue that (1) there might well be at least prima facie value in genetic integrity, (2) that the Moorean isolation test the authors use might not work in their favour, and (3) that connecting …


Ought We To Forget What We Cannot Forget? A Reply To Sybille Schmidt, Attila Tanyi Dec 2014

Ought We To Forget What We Cannot Forget? A Reply To Sybille Schmidt, Attila Tanyi

Attila Tanyi

This is a short response to Sybille Schmidt's paper (in the same volume) "Is There an Ethics of Forgetting?". The response starts out by admitting that forgetting is an essential function of human existence, that it serves, as it were, an important evolutionary function: that it is good, since it contributes to our well-being, to have the ability to forget. But this does not give us as answer, affirmative or not, to Schmidt’s title question: “Is There an Ethics of Forgetting?” The main impediment to answering this question, certainly to answering it in the affirmative, seems to be a problem …


G. A. Cohen Why Socialism? Című Könyvéről (On G. A. Cohen’S Why Socialism?), Attila Tanyi Dec 2014

G. A. Cohen Why Socialism? Című Könyvéről (On G. A. Cohen’S Why Socialism?), Attila Tanyi

Attila Tanyi

This is a short introduction to Cohen's book and argument.


Die Melancholie, Der Geist Des Kapitalismus Und Die Depression, In Burkard Sievers (Ed.), Sozialanalyse Und Psychosoziale Dynamik Von Organisationen, Ausgewählte Beitrage Der Zeitschrift Freie Assoziationen, Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag, 2015, Pp. 77-104, Isbn-13: 978-3-8379-2495-4., Marco Solinas Dec 2014

Die Melancholie, Der Geist Des Kapitalismus Und Die Depression, In Burkard Sievers (Ed.), Sozialanalyse Und Psychosoziale Dynamik Von Organisationen, Ausgewählte Beitrage Der Zeitschrift Freie Assoziationen, Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag, 2015, Pp. 77-104, Isbn-13: 978-3-8379-2495-4., Marco Solinas

Marco Solinas

"Der Aufsatz zielt darauf, der Prozess der historischen Überlagerung, Substitution und Verbreitung des theoretischen Paradigmas der Depression gegenüber jenem der Melancholie darzustellen. Im ersten Teil wird versucht, einige der einschneidenden Eigenschaften der Thematisierungen der Melancholie in der Frühen Neuzeit anzugeben, auch im Verhältnis zum Geist des Kapitalismus. Nachdem eine Skizze der Entstehung der moderne Kategorie der Depression, geht es darum, den Verlauf nachzuzeichnen, der im 20. Jahrhundert zu ihrer Transformation in ein weitläufiges theoretisches Paradigma geführt hat, das schließlich jenes der Melancholie ersetzt hat. Der zweite Teil stellt den Versuch dar, eine Zeitdiagnose umzureißen: An dieser Stelle ist die psychosoziale …