Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Translating And Literary Agenting Anna Holmwood’S Legends Of The Condor Heroes, Hong Diao

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

The role of literary agents in translation is intriguing yet under-researched. The mechanism of literary agenting vis-à-vis the initiation, production, and promotion of translated literature is under-explored. How literary agenting affects translation epistemologically, aesthetically, and technically remains uncharted territory. This dissertation attempts to fill the gap by investigating how Anna Holmwood, a translator-cum-literary agent, conceives and conducts the English translation of Shediao Yingxiong Zhuan (“射雕英雄傳”), a wuxia (武俠) magnum opus by Jin Yong (金庸).

It first employs an NVivo-based theme analysis to unearth how the translation has been received and perceived by general readers. Next, it develops the notion of …

Interactive Translation In Cyberspace : Translator-Reader Dynamics In Online Translation Of Children’S Novels, Xuemei Chen

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

This thesis investigates a new mode of online literary translation characterized by translator-reader interactions. Its focus is on Internet-mediated exchanges between a non-professional translator Xiao Mao and his readers in the production, dissemination, and reception of his online translations of three novels by E. B. White from 2000 to 2001. By employing the methodological framework of actor-network theory (ANT), this thesis sets out to unearth not only the interactive dynamics among heterogeneous (human and non-human) actors but also how these engagements shape the translations at different stages.

This thesis first unravels how readers in the New Threads online community participated …

以譯而治 : 清前期多語文政治下的翻譯政策研究, Ke Deng

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

本文從管治的角度探討了清前期多語文政治下的翻譯政策。在多族群、多語文的環境中，翻譯是清朝管治域內多語文族群的重要手段，翻譯政策的制定與實施對帝國的管轄統治存在多面向且多層級的影響。

基於清前期大量的滿、漢文檔案史料，本文重點描述和分析了清朝政府架構中的翻譯管理、翻譯識解、翻譯規範、翻譯機構，以及翻譯價值觀，旨在以翻譯研究等多個領域的方法和視角，層層遞進，分析清廷翻譯政策的施爲過程，揭示清廷如何使用翻譯來輔助其管治。

本文發現，滿洲統治者會按照滿洲的文化價值觀認識多語文環境，幷對滿語文和其他語文的翻譯權利實施區別化管控，爲前者爭取必要的生存空間。清廷對翻譯的概念化也以此爲基礎，從範疇上劃分了“內服型”書面語際翻譯和“外服型”口語語際翻譯，幷由此建構了以“繙譯”(ubaliyambumbi)和“通譯”(tungserembi/hafumbumbi)爲代表，分別針對筆譯和口譯的術語架構。

其次，清廷的“以譯而治”還體現在以翻譯政策指導滿文使用，管控翻譯規範。在儒籍滿譯的個案中，爲了應對滿語文日益衰落的困局，維護滿洲的族群身份，官方翻譯規範的重心逐漸由充分性轉向了可接受性，反映出偏向“滿洲化”的譯本優化方案。這種演變還進一步體現在跨機構的規範整合活動中。這些翻譯機構的結構分工和工作流程明顯受制於相似的行政體制，其中清帝始終居於權力與決策的中心，能夠自主地選擇來自蒙、漢、藏、維等語言文化的資訊與知識。

最後，本文將“以譯而治”的翻譯價值觀歸結爲異質語文間的“同文之治”。基於清代考據學的認識論和方法論，清前期的“異語同文” 既表示滿文或漢文單一文字的規範化，也暗含了可譯性的多重建構——除了指涉跨語際音、義轉換的完整性與規範化，也引申爲多民族帝國內部統一的倫理教化和語言管治權。清廷藉此建構了一個以滿文爲樞紐、多語文共存的話語空間，幷按照地域-族群的差異施行不同形式的“同文之治”，這些都直接或間接地支撐了滿洲族群統治中國王朝的正統性。

永恆逃逸的差異 : 以《流言》、《易經》及《小團圓》為例論張愛玲與重複, Lok Tung Choi

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

王德威曾提出張愛玲重複（Repetition）、迴旋（Involution）、衍生（Derivation）的文學譜系。張氏化一為二，使「流言」代替「吶喊」、「重複」代替「再現」、「迴旋」代替「革命」。張愛玲在文學體系中被「包括在外」的狀態足顯學者無從將之置入的焦慮。自《小團圓》、《雷峯塔》及《易經》三部自敘小說相繼出版後，是張以「重複」書寫為自己立幡招魂。

本論文借用吉爾．德勒茲（Gilles Deleuze）有關差異（Difference）及重複（Repetition）的哲學概念分析、對讀張愛玲的作品。德勒茲指出差異為人類感知經驗的基本原則，故差異必然存在；而重複注定為一種自覺的、悖理式的「運動」——創造必然是重複而非再現，重複著不能被重複的。創作並非複製原本的記憶，而是原本的記憶蘊含的情感力量內化，顛覆自身，「重複」著作品，始終強調著異質性（heterogeneity）。

本論文提出異質性是張氏被現代文學「包括在外」的根因，而異質性屬於「差異」的領域，「重複」才是張愛玲的文學定位。本論文強調自傳小說的虛構性，避免逸事索隱的閱讀策略。本論文分四章，前三章以人物為錨點分析重複，包括：教授、友人及母親，然後討論自我複寫的意義。以早期散文集《流言》、英文自敘小說《易經》及中文自敘小說《小團圓》為研究文本，觀照其中差異，以德勒茲式的閱讀檢視張氏的自我複寫的三種意義。

美國詩歌的中文編譯, 1934-1961, Zijiang Song

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

本項研究旨在勾畫從1934年至1961年間美國詩歌的中文編譯。本項研究計劃的研究對象是這段時期在中國和香港出版的四個美國詩歌中譯選本：施蟄存編譯的「現代美國文學專號•現代美國詩抄」(1934)；袁水拍編譯的《現代美國詩選》(1949)以及《新的歌一一現代美國詩選》(1953)；馬朗編譯的 「英美現代詩特輯•美國部份」(1956)；宋淇編譯的《美國詩選》(1961)。 施、袁、馬、宋等四位詩人既編且譯，由於身處不同的地緣和文化政治語境，對中文新詩的體認各不相同，意識形態各異，同時四個案例在文本、語境、贊助人、詩學、意識形態等層面各有不同卻有所關聯，因此本文運用安德雷•勒菲弗爾(André Lefevere)的改寫理論，並適當加以補充，分析四個改寫文本各自在編纂和翻譯上的改寫體現的詩學和意識形態，並且描述四個改寫文本投射出不同的美國詩歌的形象，又同時折射出改寫者各自理想的現代中文詩歌的形 象。現存相關的英美文學中譯史研究，由於過於側重資料整理及對政治語境的描述，而對相關譯者和譯本的沒有進行足夠的研讀與探究，也沒有分析美國詩歌中譯的選本，鮮有细讀譯本，更無顧及1949年後在香港發生的翻譯現象。本項研究填補這方面的研究空白，考察四個改寫文本產生的語境和過程，分析四位改寫者的詩學和意識形態，通過比較分析他們的編纂策略和翻譯實踐，勾畫四個改寫文本互相之間的關聯，提供跨越1949、涵蓋中港兩地的美國詩歌中文編譯。

Re-Conceptualizing Foreignness : The English Translation Of Chinese Calligraphic Culture, Ge Song

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Foreignness is one primary concern of Translation Studies. Chinese calligraphy, with its unique aesthetic pursuits and cultural underpinnings, presents an unusual case of foreign otherness in relation to the English language. Thus, theories derived from the translation of Chinese calligraphic culture into English can contribute to our existing knowledge of the nature of translation. Despite sporadic endeavors, translation issues related to Chinese calligraphy remain largely under-researched. This thesis constructs a theoretical framework that offers new perspectives on translating foreignness by exploring how the culture of Chinese calligraphy, concretized in the discourses of classical treatises, has been translated into English since …

七月派翻译家研究, Qingyang Gui

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

中国现代文学流派“七月派”强调文学创作中的“主观战斗精神”和“精神奴役创伤”，因其在文学领域异质凸显，与代表主流文化的文艺思想不尽契合，导致了 1955年中华人民共和国的第一大“文字狱”。自20世纪80年代以来，胡风事件及胡风文艺思想重新进入学术研宄视野，成为史学界和文艺界的研宄热点，但迄今为止国内外关于七月派研宄的现状并不令人满意，正如周燕芬所指出的，“现在的研宄成果中，实在留下不少史料的空白或者因史料的不信、疑虑、矛盾而带来的所谓‘分寸’，所谓‘留有余地’，说到底，依然是研宄的一种不清楚和未完成状态”（周燕芬，2013:6)。而就七月派翻译家研宄而言，也存在诸多研宄缺口。本论文论题有三：1、七月派作为“新文学的骄傲”， 其领袖人物胡风的文艺理论特质何在？影响了怎样一个文学流派及翻译家群体？2、七月派翻译家以“启蒙现实主义”为译介出发点，形成了怎样的译介主张？3、从翻译政治学、描写翻译学理论、生存心态等视角探讨以胡风、满涛、 绿原、呂荧等为代表的七月派翻译家具有哪些群体特征？本论文得出以下结论: 七月派翻译群体是我国翻译史上不可忽视的群体，他们基于启蒙现实主义思想的译介主张是以为时代和战斗而翻译，为文学经典生成而翻译，为民族文学发展而翻译为主要特征的。而胡风“为时代、为战斗而翻译”的“武器”翻译论， 满涛“传达精义”的翻译观，绿原“整体效果”、翻译“异同”性、名著重译 “接力赛”等译论，呂荧“谐意谐音”的诗歌翻译理念等等，既是对七月派翻译主张的体现和深化，又是各自翻译实践的重要指导思想。本研宄原创性在于: 在追根溯源七月派的源流、定义及其影响的基础上，从活生生的研宄对象及历史语境出发，对胡风文艺理论影响七月派翻译主张形成的过程以及七月派翻译家的文化生态作出相对可靠的历史复原，让读者对该时期的翻译历史全貌具有更清晰的了解，这在近现代翻译史研宄上不啻为一个重要发现。

Transnational Film Production And The Tourist Gaze : On Hou Hsiao-Hsien’S Café Lumière And Flight Of The Red Balloon, Shr-Tzung, Elliott Shie

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

This article attempts to reexamine the multiple forms of displacement in and of the film to which the new historical era gave rise, and thereby critically engage with the questions of transnational capital flow, global tourism and spectatorship, and textual migration in the case of intertextuality.

Women And Dao In Gao Xingjian’S Works, Jianmei Liu

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

Drawing on the existing scholarly studies that have gone beyond the misogynist paradigm, such as those by Mabel Lee, Gilbert Fong, Terry Siu-han Yip, Kwok-kan Tam, and Mary Mazzilli, I intend to explore the connection between the Zen Buddhist comprehension of Dao and the representation of women in Gao Xingjian’s novels and plays. As desire and sexual relationships play a very crucial part in the realm of Zen, the role of women is inevitably bound up with self-awareness and self-reflection, which are enshrined by Gao Xingjian as necessary on the path toward individual enlightenment. According to Gao, even if women’s …

China On The Move : Travel, Exile, And Migration In Chinese Literature And Film Of The 20th Century, Stephen Roddy, Frederik H. Green, Wei Menkus

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

During no previous century in China’s long history has society experienced more profound and far-reaching changes than during that nation’s long twentieth century. The contact with Western modernity and institutional change during the late Qing dynasty, the end of dynastic rule and the birth of the Republic, the Pacific War and the Civil War, the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan’s gradual democratization and finally the era of opening and reform in China under Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904−97) and the ensuing economic rise are only some of the key historical events that have profoundly transformed Chinese society …

Frankenstein’S Migratory Subject : Under The Dome And Formosa Vs. Formosa, Chia-Ju Chang

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

No abstract provided.

Bamboo Branches Out West : Zhuzhici In Xinjiang, Stephen Roddy

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

No abstract provided.

A New Incarnation : Prism : Theory And Modern Chinese Literature, Zongqi Cai

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

After twenty-two years of publishing since 1997, Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese (JMLC) will assume a new incarnation in 2019: Prism: Theory and Modern Chinese Literature, a biannual peer-reviewed journal published by Duke University Press for Lingnan University of Hong Kong. This journal is jointly sponsored by the Centre for Humanities Research and the Chinese Department of Lingnan University and the Forum on Chinese Poetic Culture at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

The Contradictions Of Exile : Escape, Testimony, And Ethics In Gao Xingjian’S One Man’S Bible, Sebastian Veg

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

The present essay proposes to focus more closely on One Man’s Bible as encapsulating some of the tensions and contradictions of exile as a theme in Gao’s work and worldview.

The Torment Of Exile And The Aesthetics Of Nostalgia : Transnational Chinese Neo-Romanticism In Xu Xu’S Post-War Fiction, Frederik H. Green

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

Physical exile certainly was a painful reality for Xu Xu. Restorative nostalgia might to some extent have informed his literary activity in those years. However, nostalgia in Xu Xu’s postwar fiction, I will argue in this paper, constitutes above all the expression of a quest for a purely aesthetic utopia that had already begun to take shape in his pre-war oeuvre and that came to full fruition in his post-war fiction. By analyzing a number of Xu Xu’s novellas from Hong Kong, such as Bird Talk, The Other Shore 彼岸 (1951), and The All-Souls Tree 百靈樹 (1954), I will show …

Lost At Home : Jia Zhangke’S Journey Toward Modernity, Wei Menkus

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

In this essay, I take a close look at three of Jia’s films that have prominently engaged the topic of home in relation to place, identity, and nation: Still Life 三峽好人 (2006), 24 City 24城記 (2008), and A Touch of Sin 天註定 (2013). Set at the turn of the twenty-first century, these films employ various modes of representation concerning the reality of space. Still Life, a quiet and contemplative cinematic essay on change and obsolescence, tracks two strangers’ separate journeys to the Three Gorges city of Fengjie as they look for their missing spouses in the disappearing land. 24 City …

The Diaspora And The Nation : A Cultural Poetics Of Re-Membering In Lai Shengchuan’S Taiwan Trilogy, Jon Eugene Von Kowallis

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

No abstract provided.

Gender Representations In Adaptations Of Foreign Literature In The Republican Period, Liyan Qin

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

Chinese film The Heroine in the Besieged City 孤城烈女 (Gucheng lienü, 1936) is based on 19th-century French writer Guy de Maupassant’s (1850−93) story “Boule de Soif.” The Chinese version of Boule de Soif, like her French counterpart, is caught in a moral dilemma: should she surrender her body to a bad guy to save her fellow citizens? Both women choose to sacrifice themselves for others. However, the outcome and worthiness of the sacrifice in the Chinese film are just the opposite to those in the French literary source. Maupassant makes the girl’s sacrifice pointless and worthless by portraying the beneficiaries …

Too Intimate To Speak : Regional Cinemas And Literatures, Victor Fan

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

In this essay, I look back at a moment in Chinese literature and cinema, the 1930s and 1940s, when writers, filmmakers, and critics were driven by a series of political crises to conceptualize the relationship between “mother language” and “national language” from a very different perspective than Song’s. I do so by scrutinizing film and literary criticisms from this period. A national language, literature, and cinema are not static, unified, and internally coherent entities that naturally subsume their regional counterparts under them. While Putonghua 普通話 (literally, common language) required—and still requires—an ongoing process of putong hua 普通化 (communalization), regional topolects, …

Cultural Re-Presentation And Translation : Chinese And English Anthologies Of Tang Poetry, Chi Man, Cecilia Chan

Theses & Dissertations

Due to its unique prestige, classical Chinese poetry written during the Tang dynasty is often anthologised. These anthologies serve various purposes (e.g. recreational, educational, or both), but they are generally expected to feature works high in aesthetic value, and represent the culture wherein they are produced. While the functions of anthologies are seldom contested, representations of Tang poetry in anthologies have many different manifestations.

Using China’s most famous anthology, Tangshi sanbaishou 唐詩三百首, as an opening case study, research shows that within its home culture, the anthologising of Tang poetry has a long history by itself, and anthologists negotiate between ideological …

两次鸦片战争期间中英交涉中口译者的主体性和能动性 (1840-1842,1856-1860), Zhen Yuan

Theses & Dissertations

两次鸦片战争期间（1840-1842,1856-1860），中英两国正式开启了官方交涉活动与外交谈判。在这些交涉活动中，双方口译者均发挥了重要作用，展现了特有的主体性和能动性。本文拟对当时较具代表性的三位口译者进行个案研究，他们分别是中国译者鲍鹏、黄仲畬和英国译者马儒翰。笔者通过挖掘相关的一手、二手资料，并对它们进行缜密的文本分析，试图对三位译者在各自的外交口译中所体现的主体性和能动性作出详尽的考证和论述。本文得出的结论是：在两次鸦片战争的特殊情境中，口译者往往背离“忠实性”原则:有的受到自身生活或工作经历之影响，在口译活动中常带入自己的主观想法，独立做出决定，此可谓口译者主体性的表现形式；有的采取跨界策略，在交涉双方不同立场和态度之间游移，以达到斡旋和协调的目的，充分体现了口译者的能动性。

Old Tales, Untold : Lu Xun Against World Literature, Daniel M. Dooghan

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

World literature has smiled on Lu Xun 魯迅. He stands, if not as the foremost, then as a major representative of modern Chinese literature in anthologies. Though anthologies are not the ultimate arbiters of literary worldliness, they are influential discursive sites because of their accessibility and classroom utility. To wit, he is a common figure on university syllabi in world literature surveys. Professionally, scholarship on Lu Xun’s work reaches far beyond disciplinary Chinese studies. His works have been translated and retranslated many times in less than a century. All this is perhaps fitting considering his extraordinary services rendered to world …

Chinese Poetry And Translation : Moving The Goalposts, Maghiel Van Crevel

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

Poetry + translation will trigger claims the size of office blocks, all the way from Robert Frost (censored here) to Eliot Weinberger (Poetry is that which is worth translating). Add Chinese to the mix, and things get even better.

The translation of poetry is fun to bounce around in conversation, but winds up frequently in dead-end discourse full of zombie notions of equivalence, faithfulness, servitude, and so on— not to mention the specter of the genre’s “inherent untranslatability.” In June 2017, a dozen scholars and translators held a workshop at Lingnan University, assuming primariness and agency for translation instead. Most …

Strong And Weak Interpretations In Translating Chinese Poetry, Lucas Klein

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

Are classical Chinese and modern Chinese one language, or two? Is translating classical Chinese poetry the same as or different from translating modern Chinese poetry? I have earlier argued that modern Chinese poetry is in some ways a translation of premodern Chinese poetics through the filter of international poetics—but if this is the case, then should translation of classical and modern poetry into English be more similar than they are? Looking at Lydia Liu’s notion of the “supersign” alongside my experiences translating contemporary poets Ouyang Jianghe and Xi Chuan as well as Tang dynasty poet Li Shangyin, I discuss what …

The Migrant Voice : The Politics Of Writing Home Between The Sinophone And Anglophone Worlds, Kenny K. K. Ng

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

This paper addresses the politics of language, identity, and diasporic Chinese writing in old and emerging Chinese migrant literature. I opt for the idea of a “migrant subject” as brought up by Ha Jin to underscore a diverse verbal strategy and mobile literary creativity: that of the migrant writer who initiates linguistic and literary perversions to actively intervene in the cultural politics of both the host country and the motherland. The article proceeds to recuperate the diasporic narratives of Sinophone authors Bai Xianyong and Nie Hualing as two earlier examples of migrant writers before Ha, which exemplified the Cold War …

The Transculturation Of American Poetry In China, 1917-1937, Chris Song

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

This paper offers a critical overview of the reception of American poetry in China from 1917 to 1937. Drawing on Maria Tymoczko’s theory of transculturation, it shows how in order to meet local poetic and ideological demands, America’s New Poetry Movement, Left poetry, and Black poetry were “performed” in (relay) translations by Chinese authors. Understudied to date, these texts reveal a fascinating literary and political process in which American poetry and Chinese poetry were mutually shaped through translation.

The Rise And Fall (And Rise Again) Of Vernacular Happiness, Haiyan Lee

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

This article delineates the vicissitudes of vernacular happiness in China across the crucial transitions of the early 20^th century. Traditionally, vernacular happiness was symbolized by a triune of gods, fu-lu-shou, standing for progeny, wealth, and longevity. Happiness was thus a matter of good fortune, ardently prayed for rather than programmatically pursued. The ruling elite patronized this folk cult of happiness through a discourse of virtue and benevolence, but were themselves inclined to pursue more transcendent goals (Dao, de) and refined pleasures (lequ).

To the May Fourth generation, the traditional social order was founded …

Homeless In The World : War, Narrative, And Historical Consciousness In Eileen Chang, György Lukács, And Lev Tolstoy, Roy Bing Chan

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

This paper explores how Lev Tolstoy’s work was discussed by both Marxist philosopher György Lukács and Chinese writer Eileen Chang during the global crisis of the 1930s and the Second World War. According to Lukács, Tolstoy’s fiction embodied the quintessence of realist narrative’s ability to capture the mass experience of history. For Chang, defending herself against charges of being a trivial and uncommitted pulp writer, Tolstoy’s work exemplified the value of a narrative process marked by the very serendipity and contingency mirrored in reality. All three writers struggled with a conception of a unified world both as a utopian ideal, …

Translating Migrant Worker Poetry : Whose Voices Get Heard And How?, Eleanor Goodman

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

Translation involves the art of knowing when to get out of the way—and of knowing when to get in the way. Chinese migrant worker poetry brings this issue to the fore with unusual urgency, as its language often breaks the rules for being “poetic” or “elegant.” But what is being conveyed by the language these poets employ, and what is lost if the translator yields to the temptation to smooth out the rough edges? And how does the act of translating and anthologizing these poets affect the ways in which they are read?

Contributors

Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報

No abstract provided.