Architecture Commons^™

The Redevelopment And Restoration Of Selected Trail Bmp Features To Provide Environmental, Educational, And Aesthetic Benefits, David N. Myers

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Trail and Greenway systems in Montgomery and Prince George’s Counties, Maryland are overseen by the Maryland National Capitol Park and Planning Commission (MNCPPC). These greenway systems are extensive and provide trails for a combined suburban and urban population of over 1.8 million people. These trails systems are also connected to the trail systems of the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C). One well known greenway system is the Anacostia Tributary Trail System which extends into all three jurisdictions. With new additions connecting existing trails in Prince George’s County and the District of Columbia, the Anacostia Tributary Trail System will be one …

Greenbelts – Planning Instruments And Landscape Structure – A European Perspective, Agata Cieszewska, Joanna Adamczyk

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Since 100 years the concept of planning tools addressed to control the urban sprawl has concentrated on open space protection around metropolitan cities. This has been applied using various green structures i.e.: belts, hearts, wedges or system of protected open spaces. The common element of these tools to control the urban sprawl is open spaces protection. Numerous applications in different natural and economic conditions create great potential for planners to adapt the concept (Cieszewska 2012, Cieszewska, Adamczyk 2014). Open spaces that preserve unbuilt part of metropolis fulfil four main functions: productive, environmental, recreational and ecological. The main question posed by …

On The Possibility Of Extending The European Green Belt To The Hungarian-Romanian Border Region, Zoltán Zakota, Tamás Z. Zakota

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In our present paper we make an attempt to put together some relevant information, based mainly on regional statistics and administrative data, in order to outline a blueprint of a greenway plan for the Hungarian-Romanian border area that could be able to create more opportunities for the sustainable development of the region through the green belt development. The target-area consists of eight counties, four on each side of the common border: Szabolcs- Szatmár-Bereg, Hajdú-Bihar, Békés and Csongrád in Hungary, respectively Satu Mare, Bihor, Arad and Timiș in Romania. Protection of nature and, in general, environment is an important issue because …

A Systematic Review Of Landscape Corridor Conservation And Management In Europe, Haiyun Xu, Tobias Plieninger, Jørgen Primdahl

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Since EU Commission initiated Green Infrastructure (GI) strategy, an important step has been taken to help public to understand benefits of nature, such as providing food, clean air, and water resource. Besides, Green Infrastructure plays an important role in climate regulation, stormwater prevention, sustaining biodiversity. And its recreational function is also valuable for human society. Therefore, it is necessary to invest more resources in Green Infrastructure to develop, maintain and sustain it (Green Infrastructure COM, 2013).

Green Infrastructure is planned as a strategically network of natural and seminatural areas with environmental functions and its elements are designed and managed to …

Planning And Design Of Urban Green Networks In Stockholm, Na Xiu, Maria Ignatieva, Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green and blue spaces, together with other land use changes are determining factors of habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and decline of ecosystem services in urbanized areas (Adriaensen et al., 2003; Collinge, 1996; Kong et al., 2010; Teng et al., 2011). In attempt to tackle the issue, network connectivity is regarded as a suitable approach from an ecological (CookVan Lier, 1994) and social perspective (Teng et al., 2011). Landscape-scale connectivity is normally built on a ‘patch-corridor-matrix’ model to describe structural or functional continuity in a spatial and time configuration (FormanGodron, 1986). A graph-theoretic approach therefore can provide an operable way of …

Design Strategy Of Community Greenway Connectivity Of High-Density Urban Asia – A Case Study On Beijing, Zhengwang Wu, Yanhui Wang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the high-density Asian cities which expand rapidly and witness explosive growth in population, the construction of urban community greenways can effectively mitigate the heavy pressure that human beings impose on natural and humanistic environment. In Beijing, poor connectivity is one of the major challenges community greenway construction faces. This paper performs a field survey on the established community greenways in Beijing and their surrounding communities, finding that greenway connectivity is affected by the problems like interference with motorways and unsound greenway planning system in development process. The survey analysis demonstrates that the poor connectivity of community greenways is embodied …

Novel Urban Waterfront Ecosystem Services Evaluation, Monitoring And Improving Strategies, Zhang Wei, Jack Ahern

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The urban waterfront is the interface between urban areas and their adjacent water (Timur, 2013). Urban waterfronts have historically been the hub of transportation, trade and commerce. In the 20th century, many cities evolved from a manufacturing or trade economy to a service industry economy – often abandoning their waterfronts in the process, with common environmental problems, and creating the opportunity and need to reconceive the waterfronts (Smith et al., 2012). In the early 21st century, the waterfront regeneration trend has continued, often with a broader view of restoring and improving urban waterfront ecosystem services.

Here we suggest that this …

The Garden Kingdom Of Dessau-Wörlitz As An Example For The Management Of A Historical Monument, Heike Tenzer

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Located between the Bauhaus town of Dessau and Lutherstadt Wittenberg, the Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz covers an area of about 145 square kilometres; equivalent to about one quarter of its original size in the 18th/19th century.

The Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz is the largest area of an historical cultural landscape in Saxony-Anhalt. Former research projects were focused on the design and constructional highlights of the cultural landscape, which means: castles, small structures, historic town centers and parks. The landscape which is situated between those constructions was assessed partially due to landscape planning values.

Between those different evaluations it lacked the …

Pressing Challenges In China’S Greenway Planning And Design: Promoting Or Diminishing Cultural Identities And Values?, Hongbing Tang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are networks of land containing linear elements that are planned, designed and managed for multiple purposes including ecological, recreational, cultural, aesthetic, or other purposes compatible with the concept of sustainable land use (Ahern, 1995). The greenway movement is a new concept that integrates many established landscape architectural, planning and design ideas, concepts, and implementation techniques. (Fabos, 1995).

This paper is primarily focused on pressing challenges in the greenway movement taking place in many parts of China that are out of cultural and historic contexts, resulting in diminishing cultural identities and values. It attempts to re-examine the greenway planning strategies …

The Potential Roles Of Biodiverse Green Roofs In The Extending Urban Green Network, Krisztina Szabó

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The role of urban green network is increasingly needed due to urbanization and the growing urban population. The high number of buildings, the different infrastructural developments and the high quantity of covered surface do not allow increase greenery on the ground level; there are few residual spaces that can be turned into green areas. One solution could be the vertical walls and green roofs which can considerably help developing urban green network of the future (Susca et al., 2011). Due to the acute conflicts between high density development and limited land, many European, American and Chinese cities adopted an effective …

Structural Soil In Dense City Areas - Functions And Chances For Urban Greenway Development, Marzena Suchocka, Henryk Kociel

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The densest parts of cities, parts with the most infrastructure, are losing green areas and trees. The majority of urban site conditions for trees often do not provide them with enough opportunity for healthy growth and development and allow only a few years of vegetation. Visible symptoms of health issues in trees are usually lesions within the crown or stem and are mainly due to the impact of unfavourable factors which have been exerted upon the root system. The most severe causes of poor health in trees are associated with the intense growing environment in urban areas and damaging impact …

Climate Action Planning And Urban Greenways: Weaving Together Sustainability, Health And Resilience, David C. Ralston

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Envisioning and planning citywide greenways and supporting urban greening (green infrastructure) linked to climate action planning are surprisingly not well integrated in sustainable planning initiatives and in fact represent two separate landscape action approaches and two different scales and disciplines of focus. By not being strategically integrated, cities are missing out on many significant environmental and social co-benefits that are especially needed at this time. Consider, the planning focus for greenways (especially in the US context) over the last forty-years has generally emerged from a landscape design and park planning tradition and thus we see various inter-city/regional or suburban “pleasure …

Is There An Ideal Model For Effective Stormwater Management In Norway?, Ingrid Merete Ødegård

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Climate changes in Norway deals with increased amount of precipitation and an elevation of temperature. Increased urbanization with more dense surfaces provides even more flooding risks, which is and has been the reality many places for some years now (Hanssen-Bauer, I. et al 2015).

Use of stormwater as a resource was the main topic in Norsk Vann rapport 162/2008. (Lindholm et.al.2008), made as a guideline for climate adapted stormwater management in Norway. The report addresses water engineers, planners and landscape architects working to solve the increased amount of stormwater due to climate changes. Additional water management has to provide values …

The Legacy Of Frederick Law Olmsted’S Emerald Necklace In Contemporary Boston, James C. O’Connell

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

A few years ago, I was reading about a booming Chinese city that wanted to complement development with parks. Planners in Shenzhen were debating whether to create a “Central Park” or an “Emerald Necklace,” referencing the parks that landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted designed for New York (1858) and Boston (1878-1896) respectively. Shenzhen ended up creating an “Emerald Necklace” network of parkland, presumably because it served residents more effectively. This story indicates the strong influence that Frederick Law Olmsted still holds over planners and the public around the world.

Evaluation Methods Of Urban Trees Along The Danube In Budapest, Ildikó Réka Báthoryné Nagy, Katalin Takács

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Defined by national Hungarian legislation (National Act 1997. LXXVIII.), the evaluation of urban green spaces is required as part of an urban planning process. Such evaluation includes the analysis of dendrological features. In 2014 the procedure of urban planning regarding the river banks of the Danube at Budapest was started. The development of the Building Code of the river banks was based on numerous basic studies and researches in varying fields. The dendrological evaluation area was on both sides of the Danube River including 465 neighboring real estate lots, and also islands. We participated in a research which was meant …

The Potential Impact Of Greening As A Directed Land Use On The Landscape Structure, Klaudia Máté, László Kollányi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The intensification of agricultural landscapes significantly sped up in the 20th century. The European Union created the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with the objective of securing the productivity, the biodiversity and the ecological stability of agricultural landscapes. A new measure in the 2014 CAP Reform is “greening”. Its goal is to support agricultural activities which are beneficial to the climate and environment as well as to protect landscape elements which are important for ecosystems. The impact of this measure on the landscape structure is unpredictable.

In this study, we compare the earlier legislation to the current greening provisions in order …

Avoid – Mitigate – Compensate: Halting The Loss Of Biodiversity In Landscapes “Under Pressure” - Landscape Planning And Eco Account Examples From The Stuttgart Region, Germany, Christian Küpfer, Sascha Arnold

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Within the European Union, Germany has the largest population (ca. 80 million) and the fourth highest population density (about 230 inhabitants per km²). In addition, the population’s need for living space is among the highest within Europe: in 2012, the rate of living space per resident was around 40 m² per person and far above Europe’s average for many other indicators, like percentage of urbanized land, population density, and motorization (table 1).

With its long history of urbanisation and industrialization after World War II and its geographical position in the centre of Europe, Germany faces strong challenges to balance the …

Planning Multifunctional Green Infrastructure In Urban Areas - Advanced Approaches Based On Case Studies From Denmark, Germany And The Uk, Rieke Hansen, Anton Stahl Olafsson, Alexander Van Der Jagt, Emily Rall, Stephan Pauleit

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructure (GI) is considered to be a planning concept that has potential to improve green space planning in urban areas by offering a holistic, integrated approach (e.g., Pauleit et al., 2011; Davies et al., 2015). In this paper we focus on multifunctionality as an important principle of GI planning. By scrutinizing case studies in Germany (Berlin), the UK (Edinburgh), and Denmark (Aarhus), we examine how multifunctionality is acknowledged by urban green space practitioners and provide recommendations on how to consider multifunctionality more proactively and comprehensively.

Planning Greenway Alternatives Within The Rural Areas Of Bartın Province, Turkey, Ercan Gökyer, Melih Öztürk

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Recently overall the world, fragmentation in land uses has increased due to the rapid increase in population, urbanization and unplanned development. Fragmented landscapes have less connectivity and greater isolation. On the other hand, species are negatively influenced in a fragmented landscape. Greenway and connectivity are evaluated in landscape ecological studies in order to mitigate negative ecological conditions in urban areas (UN, 2014; Leitao and Ahern, 2002, Linehan et al., 1995). Under these conditions, linear green elements within the rural areas have gained prominence to be considered within greenway planning studies.

Nowadays, rural areas obtain increasing importance. These areas include ecological, …

Lp(R)Evolution: A City On The Way To The Future Las Palmas: Parkcity, Susanne Gerstberger

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

For the first time in 2008, more people lived in cities than in the countryside. The USA expect that in 2050, more than 70% of the expected global population of 9 billion will be at home in the constantly growing megacities. Everywhere, in cities and in the countryside, anthropogenic changes are becoming visible with growing speed. Human footprints can already be found at apparently untouched places, in natural landscapes. At the same time, there is a growing need and search for untouched nature or natural spaces in the city. Nature deficit disorder is a serious matter that has to be …

Bialystok (Poland) - Green City. Historical Greenways In A Contemporary City, Dorota Gawryluk, Maciej Kłopotowski

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In contemporary theories of city design the issue of green corridors appears more and more frequently. They concern the development of greenways of communicative, ecological and recreational functions. Their purpose is to change the modern city landscape. Routes network dominant in the city space is to be replaced by ecological structures, improving the quality of life and introducing the green into the city. This issue is discussed by a number of research teams and relates to the cities of different scale. Conducted works tend to indicate the direction for transformation of the existing urban structures. This process is to be …

The Landscape In Urbanism - A Historical View Into The Future, Eric Firley, Frank Sleegers

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In common literature the relationship between urban planning and landscape architecture has retrospectively often been described as an antagonistic one. The impression can be gained that only recent projects re-discover the importance of existing natural features as guiding design themes, and that earlier generations ignored them in favor of grand urban schemes. Architectural hardware against green software. Tabula rasa against incremental change. Starting from this hypothetical premise of two contradicting philosophies, the authors decided to dwell deeper into the historic context and to investigate how existing landscape systems have had a major impact on masterplan principles, informing a built reality …

Urban Heat Islands Strategy Plan Vienna – Implementing Urban Green Infrastructure To Reduce Negative Effects Of Urban Heat Islands, Birgit Gantner, Brigitte Allex, Christiane Brandenburg, Doris Damyanovic, Florian Reinwald, Jürgen Preiss

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Urban heat islands (UHI) have been known since the 19th century (Howard, 1820) and describe the difference in temperature between cities and their rural surroundings. This difference can be up to 12°C (Eliasson, 2000, 31); the phenomenon is caused by the transformation of natural surfaces through e.g. soil sealing, construction of infrastructure and buildings. However, differences in temperature not only occur between cities and their adjacent areas, but also within different parts of cities depending on the provision of green and blue infrastructure as well as on their share of sealed surfaces. The situation is further aggravated by a changing …

Ecourbanism In Rwanda – A Whole System Approach To City Building, Luke Engleback

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The World Bank forecast that the area covered by the planet’s urban realm, as measured in 2000, would double by the 2030s, with 90% of urban growth occurring in the developing world (Suzuki et al., 2010). To avoid problems of resource depletion, pollution, poor human health and wellbeing etc. associated with past urbanism, new cities should acknowledge the concept of Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services, bolstered by comprehensive, interconnected green infrastructure.

Rwanda is a small land-locked country, located just south of the equator in the heart of Africa, and one of the poorest countries in the world. Rwanda’s population density, …

A New Step In Greenway Planning And Practice – The Challenges Of Branding A Cross-Border Greenway In Hungary, János Csapó, Géza Szabó, Zoltán Horváth, Réka Pintér

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

One of the most recent products of alternative tourism and thematic route development are the greenways in Hungary which were recently launched in 2011. As the authors of this article actively took part in the practical process of the creation and initiation of the Baranya Greenway in 2012, (Szabó, G. and Csapó, J., 2012), in our present article we lay the emphasis on the branding process of a cross-border cooperation program on the Hungarian-Croatian border at the Baranya/Baranja area.

Besides tourism development, the presented initiatives rely on forming a sustainable society and a healthy lifestyle as well where the major …

Resilient Greenway: A Participatory Planning Framework, Chingwen Cheng, Mohsen Garshasby

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenway as a network of “nature’s super infrastructure”—as part of green infrastructure that includes both man-made and natural ecological networks— providing ecological, recreational, and cultural values (Fabos, 1995) is a complex and dynamic social-ecological system. The structures and functions of greenways are shaped and formed by the interactions between natural and human systems. Under climate change impacts with intensified and more frequent extreme weathers, many greenway systems that are particularly in already natural disaster-prone areas would be likely to experience more aggravated social and ecological impacts. A resilient greenway thus is a greenway system that processes an adaptive capacity to …

Designing The Network Of Ecological Corridors Among Organic Farms In South Bačka District Of Vojvodina Province, Brankica Babec, Srđan Šeremešić, Ljiljana Nikolić, Ksenija Hiel

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the predominant agricultural area such as Vojvodina Province the main threat to biodiversity is the fragmentation of nature habitats. Biodiversity decline started with the large scale clearing of forest and wetlands and expansion of the agricultural. Recent biodiversity deterioration is linked with the intensive management used in conventional agriculture. Protected areas, as main source of biodiversity, covers approximately 5,5% of total of 2.150.600ha land in Vojvodina Province that is considered as insufficient for species expansion. Under the artificial cropping systems cultivated and weed species suppress native vegetation and inhibit its proliferation.

Sufficient number of terms are associated with eco …

Greenway Design For Electric Bicycles In Asia: A Beijing Case Study, Zhengwang Wu, Yuting Han

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The cases studied here are two greenways that have been complied recently in Wanshoulu community of Beijing, China. This paper examines allows the use of electric bicycles in community greenways, and how to be better for electric bicycle passage in the community greenway design. The two community greenways are both along the north and south sides of the Jingou River, and there are totally 8 residential districts connected to 2 bus stations and 1 subway station in the surrounding (Figure 1).

The Role Of Green Urban Wastelands In 3rd Place Creation. Challenge For Urban Policy In Poland, Anna Wilczyńska, Maciej Łepkowski, Ryszard Nejman

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

An Urban area is a complex system that constantly changes, forms dynamically and functionsindependently. Despite of huge development pressure coming from the fast urban growth there are still many neglected areas or so-called urban wastelands. These zones seem to be commonly considered (also by local governments and city planners) as worthless and unproductive critical spaces that need to be invested in and returned to the city. On the other hand, we ahould point out a growing conviction among scientists about the importance of wastelands in context of their strong impact on the urban ecosystem and some social aspects of urban …

Highway Transformation As An Opportunity For Landscape Restoration In The Netherlands, Mascha M. Visser

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The traffic and waterways infrastructure of the Netherlands dates mostly from the middle part of the 20th century. At this time the primary focus was, as in many countries, on facilitating transport. As a consequence, many historical agricultural landscapes were subject to fragmentation, which also reduced their ecological value. During the last 20 years, more attention has been given to the mitigation of the negative effects caused by linear infrastructure. Regulation has helped stimulate this, although regulations for landscape development were, and still are, less strict than those affecting nature.

This overview covers 20 years of landscape planning in relation …