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Full-Text Articles in Architecture
New Urbanism As A New Modernist Movement: A Comparative Look At Modernism And New Urbanism, Clara Irazabal
New Urbanism As A New Modernist Movement: A Comparative Look At Modernism And New Urbanism, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
This article situates New Urbanism, and neotraditionalism more generally, on the ideological continuum of Modernism — as a neo-Modernist movement. By comparing the social and environmental goals of Modernism and New Urbanism as laid out in their respective charters and questioning the ability of New Urbanism to achieve its goals where Modernism failed, it offers a contextual analysis of the motivations behind the movements and their implications in practice. It then presents the cities of Brasilia, in Brazil, and Celebration, in the United States, as examples of the difficulty of putting the altruistic rhetoric of Modernism and New Urbanism, respectively, …
Constitutional Reforms In Venezuela Foretell A Planning Revolution, Clara Irazabal
Constitutional Reforms In Venezuela Foretell A Planning Revolution, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
The National Assembly of Venezuela is discussing a proposal by President Hugo Chávez to change thirty-three of the 350 articles of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The proposed changes would create new forms of land tenure and restructure the nation’s governance system, both of which are essential to urban planning. The changes attempt to address the obstacles posed by a corrupt and ineffective bureaucracy created largely as a result of the huge surplus from Venezuela’s petroleum- dependent economy. The bureaucracy has often paralyzed and sabotaged the revolutionary process. The Venezuelan Bolivarian Revolution has often been criticized for …
Grassroots Disaster Recovery Planning: New Orleans And Beyond, Clara Irazabal
Grassroots Disaster Recovery Planning: New Orleans And Beyond, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Weeks have turned to months and months to years as New Orleanians both those living in the city and those yet to return have waited in vain for leadership and resources from local, state and federal sources. In the face of such neglect, and united with a determination to rebuild their lives and communities, many residents and grassroots organizations have begun planning for their devastated communities on their own. Attendees at this year's Planners Network conference in New Orleans were intimately exposed to these grassroots phenomena through community-based panels and workshops. While most planners that have come to New Orleans …
Entertainment-Retail Centres In Hong Kong And Los Angeles: Trends And Lessons, Clara Irazabal, Surajit Chakravarty
Entertainment-Retail Centres In Hong Kong And Los Angeles: Trends And Lessons, Clara Irazabal, Surajit Chakravarty
Clara Irazabal
This paper examines the evolution and recent trends in the design of Entertainment Retail Centres (ERCs) in Los Angeles and Hong Kong. Most of the literature on spaces of consumption and leisure deals with economic reasons for the development of these spaces, and with the social, cultural, and political implications of the phenomenon. There are limitations to this approach that this study addresses. First, there has been a lack of attention to processes of globalization in the analysis of these spaces. Furthermore, a largely US-centred approach has left out an understanding of the significance of the ERC phenomenon in other …
Kitsch Is Dead, Long Live Kitsch: The Production Of Hyperkitsch In Las Vegas, Clara Irazabal
Kitsch Is Dead, Long Live Kitsch: The Production Of Hyperkitsch In Las Vegas, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
This study investigates the production ofhyperreality and kitsch in the latest generation of hotel-casino developments in Las Vegas. In these environments, visual imagery is manipulated for the creation of spectacle and a sense of alienation from time and reality. This suspension of real time and space is aimed at both facilitating the production of a simulated environment as "natural" and producing ideal sites for pleasure and consumption. Building upon the concepts of hyperreality and kitsch, this study proposes the framework of hyperkitsch to understand Las Vegas ' contribution to contemporary urbanization. Through four case studies, this paper suggests that the …
Bounded Tourism: Immigrant Politics, Consumption, And Traditions At Plaza Mexico, Clara Irazabal
Bounded Tourism: Immigrant Politics, Consumption, And Traditions At Plaza Mexico, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Conceived and owned by Korean investors, the shopping mall Plaza Mexico in Southern California embodies a unique case of invention and commodi!cation of traditions for locally-bound immigrants and US citizens of Mexican descent, showing the force of the contemporary processes of deterritorialisation and reterritorilisation of identities and the recreations of imagined conceptions of homeland. The Plaza is a unique architectural recreation of Mexican regional and national icons that make its patrons feel ‘as if you were in Mexico’. Plaza Mexico produces a space of diasporic, bounded tourism, whereby venture capitalists opportunistically reinvent tradition within a structural context of constrained immigrant …
Neighbourhoods In The Lead: Grassroots Planning For Social Transformation In Post-Katrina New Orleans?, Clara Irazabal, Jason Neville
Neighbourhoods In The Lead: Grassroots Planning For Social Transformation In Post-Katrina New Orleans?, Clara Irazabal, Jason Neville
Clara Irazabal
The article offers insights about the potential for broader democratic transformation in post-Katrina New Orleans vis-a`-vis its autonomous grassroots planning process, surveying some of these neighbourhoodbased processes (to the extent possible, considering their ongoing nature). Our point of departure is the acknowledgement that, in the absence of an effective governing coalition capable of creating stability and a political mandate for effective planning, the onus of planning has, to a great extent, been relegated to, or taken over by, the communities themselves. In this context, the widespread ‘taste’ of autonomous democratic place-making could trigger a wider sociopolitical transformation, resulting in a …
Entertainment-Retail Centres In Hong Kong And Los Angeles: Trends And Lessons, Clara Irazabal, Surajit Chakravarty
Entertainment-Retail Centres In Hong Kong And Los Angeles: Trends And Lessons, Clara Irazabal, Surajit Chakravarty
Clara Irazabal
This paper examines the evolution and recent trends in the design of Entertainment Retail Centres (ERCs) in Los Angeles and Hong Kong. Most of the literature on spaces of consumption and leisure deals with economic reasons for the development of these spaces, and with the social, cultural, and political implications of the phenomenon. There are limitations to this approach that this study addresses. First, there has been a lack of attention to processes of globalization in the analysis of these spaces. Furthermore, a largely US-centred approach has left out an understanding of the significance of the ERC phenomenon in other …
Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated And Edge Cities In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated And Edge Cities In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Gated communities and edge cities are new forms of space production and consumption that promote changes in the character of public space and citizens' participation in public life. This study unveils the phenomena of their creation as a paradoxical attempt to return to community. Curitiba's examples of gated communities and edge cities show that, despite being internationally showcased as a model of good planning and urban design, this metropolis has not been immune to the global capital pressures and urban design tendencies occurring in many urban areas throughout the world, thus signalling both the currency and trans-nationality of these issues.
Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated And Edge Cities In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated And Edge Cities In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Gated communities and edge cities are new forms of space production and consumption that promote changes in the character of public space and citizens’ participation in public life. This study unveils the phenomena of their creation as a paradoxical attempt to return to community. Curitiba’s examples of gated communities and edge cities show that, despite being internationally showcased as a model of good planning and urban design, this metropolis has not been immune to the global capital pressures and urban design tendencies occurring in many urban areas throughout the world, thus signalling both the currency and trans-nationality of these issues.
Review Of Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community And Cultural Diversity In Contemporary America, Ed. Daniel D. Arreola, Clara Irazabal
Review Of Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community And Cultural Diversity In Contemporary America, Ed. Daniel D. Arreola, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
A welcome addition to the understudied field of Latino cultures and their linkages to place, this book transcends the common approaches to the study of demographic, racial, political, and cultural changes brought about by the fastest growing ethnic group in the U.S., to focus instead on Latinos' "different geographies, and social adjustments to diverse places" (p. 1). Contributors were selected from presenters at the 2002 Association of American Geographers meeting in Los Angeles, but most of the authors are not Latino or female.
Models Of Urban Governance And Planning In Latin America And The United States: Associationism, Regime Theory, And Communicative Action, Clara Irazabal
Models Of Urban Governance And Planning In Latin America And The United States: Associationism, Regime Theory, And Communicative Action, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
In many American and Latin American cities alike, urban governance and planning are either in urgent need of reform or are currently undergoing haphazard reform. In many cases, innovative attempts to implement reforms have failed because the inability of cities to develop their 'civic capacity' -- the capacity to build and maintain broad social and political multi-sectoral coalitions in pursuit of common goals. This article argues that these significant points of convergence are productive building blocks for the construction of more generalizable models of urban governance and planning in democratic cities in the Americas and beyond. It situates coalition and …
Review Of The Grit Beneath The Glitter, Ed. Hal K. Rothman And Mike Davis, And Neon Metropolis, By Hal K. Rothman, Clara Irazabal
Review Of The Grit Beneath The Glitter, Ed. Hal K. Rothman And Mike Davis, And Neon Metropolis, By Hal K. Rothman, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Deception and self-deception have become second nature in Las Vegas, which is why these books by Hal Rothman and Mike Davis provide much appreciated critical perspective. They allow the readers to engage "the city of desires" in profound and multifaceted ways. While Las Vegas is called "the city of the future" or "the city of the twenty-first century," the editors and authors of The Grit Beneath the Glitter rightfully ask whether Las Vegas would also be "the new American nightmare?" (p. 9).
What Politics Is This Place? (Post)Glocal Politics In Latin America's Public Spaces, Clara Irazabal
What Politics Is This Place? (Post)Glocal Politics In Latin America's Public Spaces, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
The IASTE 2004 conference proposes that "postglobal is not an end to globalization but the emergence of a different kind of engagement that is sharply at odds with the visions of liberal, multicultural globalization. Here, both religious fundamentalism and imperial hegemony begin to emerge as the new forms of." Yet, there are other types of (post)globalizations (Sklair, 2002). And at least one such alternative form of global engagement is that which (desperately) holds on to the visions of a liberal, multicultural globalization in the politics of nation building, particularly as enacted in urban spaces. Focusing on this form, this paper …
A Planned City Comes Of Age: Rethinking Ciudad Guayana Today, Clara Irazabal
A Planned City Comes Of Age: Rethinking Ciudad Guayana Today, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
No abstract provided.
Ultrapassando O Debate Entre Convergência E Divergência Urbanas: A Arquitetura E O Urbanismo Em Um Contexto Global, Clara Irazabal
Ultrapassando O Debate Entre Convergência E Divergência Urbanas: A Arquitetura E O Urbanismo Em Um Contexto Global, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Alguns pesquisadores argumentam que as cidades do Terceiro e do Primeiro Mundo estão se tornando cada vez mais semelhantes. Outros discordam dessa teoria da convergência, alegando que tais similaridades são apenas superficiais. O presente trabalho sustenta que as discrepâncias entre as duas teorias são mais aparentes que reais e propõe que se aborde a convergência mais no âmbito das soluções do que no âmbito dos problemas, chamando a atenção para o papel da participação cidadã e da governança urbana em bem-sucedidas experiências em cidades tanto do Terceiro Mundo como do Primeiro Mundo. O texto também reflete sobre a arquitetura e …
Do Pruitt-Igoe Ao World Trade Center: Planejando A Ex/Implosão Do (Pos)Modernismo, Clara Irazabal
Do Pruitt-Igoe Ao World Trade Center: Planejando A Ex/Implosão Do (Pos)Modernismo, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
O artigo discute, em meio a conceitos de pós-modernidade, as semelhanças na destruição de dois marcos da arquitetura moderna: o conjunto residencial Pruitt-Igoe (PI) e o World Trade Center (WTC). Argumenta que a destruição, tanto do PI como do WTC, deveu-se não apenas à questão física (no PI, uma destruição planejada pela sociedade, e no WTC, uma destruição por ela não planejada); pelo contrário, a queda de ambos os edifícios seria uma materialização do fim do pensamento modernista, do qual seriam símbolos. Contrariamente ao que foi dito a respeito do 11/09/2001, propõe que naquela hora o mundo já havia mudado …
Nighttime And Daytime Blurred: Hyperreality And Kitsch In Las Vegas, Clara Irazabal
Nighttime And Daytime Blurred: Hyperreality And Kitsch In Las Vegas, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
No abstract provided.
Reconfiguring A Metropolitan Region: Corporate Architectural Typologies In Portland, Oregon, Clara Irazabal
Reconfiguring A Metropolitan Region: Corporate Architectural Typologies In Portland, Oregon, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
This presentation focuses on the tensions between different architectural traditions in Portland, a metropolitan region contained within an urban boundary. I examine two types in the production of recent residential and corporate architecture. Through the study of specific examples, I explore the intersection between urban planning premises and architectural physicality in the context of Portland’s planning culture. I investigate how these two architectural types have originated as products of, or reactions to, several of the main planning discourses in the city. The result is a spatial environment where conflicting planning views are reflected in contrasting architectural typologies, resulting in reconfigurations …
Behind The Scenes In Wonderland: Re-Assessing Curitiba's Planning Model, Clara Irazabal
Behind The Scenes In Wonderland: Re-Assessing Curitiba's Planning Model, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
Curitiba, Brazil, a metropolis of 2.4 million inhabitants in the southern state of Parana, has demonstrated a rapid improvement in urban quality over the last thirty-five years. The city has drawn worldwide recognition for its achievements and today is regarded by many as a model of urban planning and management. Yet, while some of Curitiba's successful strategies have received well-deserved attention, this ecological "wonderland" still faces some major challenges. A critical reassessment of the city is due, specificallY with regard to the characteristics of the planning model it offers and the role that citizens have played as this model has …
Architecture And The Production Of Postcard Images: Tradition Vs. Critical Regionalism In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Architecture And The Production Of Postcard Images: Tradition Vs. Critical Regionalism In Curitiba, Clara Irazabal
Clara Irazabal
In Curitiba, Brazil, the building of architectural monuments that make use of a direct vocabulary of tradition has been one of the major means to construct the city image in the last two decades. The government of Curitiba has plagued the city with foreign-styled landmarks mostly based on selective samples of European traditions. Such attempts strive to construct a city image that creates a sense that Curitiba has a heritage connected with the European established traditions. Examples of those ethnic landmarks are the Polonaise Memorial, and the German, Italian and Portuguese parks. Such monuments depict a cosmopolitan, international city, freed …