Digital Commons Network^™

Stimulus-Sampling And Encoding Variability, Brian C. Babbitt

Psychology ETDs

A recent formulation has incorporated encoding variability in a stimulus-sampling framework. This conceptualization suggests that an active sample of "encoding operators" encodes each stimulus. On subsequent presentations of the stimulus each operator is checked for a tag/no tag representing the use of that operator in encoding the stimulus. These assumptions produce binomial distributions of noise and signal + noise underlying recognition performance. The present experiment tested the forms of the underlying distributions in the context change situation. Three amounts of context change between training and testing were investigated, with results indicating that recognition performance decreased as amount of context change …

The Role Of Cognitive Differentiation In Conceptual Systems Theory, Mary Flume

Student Work

A cognitive approach to theory and research in personality proposes that individuals develop relatively enduring cognitive schemas for experiencing and organizing their .social world. Cognitive schemas are templates through which information is filtered or transformed.

It may be understood that cognitive personality theory emphasises the structure of cognition rather than its content. Such an emphasis is based on the assumption that structural variables are relatively enduring and invariant across situations, whereas the content of personality is expected to fluctuate markedly. Cognitive personality theory should provide the researcher with an efficient basis for describing the actions of a person and lead …

Memory For Persons, Encounters And Sex, William Sturgill

Student Work

Recognition of previously seen persons and recall of the circumstances of their encounter were tested in a situation' where subjects were unaware of the subsequent recognition task. Subjects encountered four: persons, one of each sex. in. two separate encounters. Prior to a lineup one week later, only 51 subjects (N = 145) failed to' recall either the number and/or the sex of the persons encountered, while only 28. correctly recalled both the number and sex and that it was two different persons in each encounter. Results from the lineup confirmed, previous suggestions that subjects (N = 155) are better able …

On The Analytic Foundations Of Behaviorism, Samuel Yaffe

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Response Preferences Of Blacks And Roleplaying Whites To Affirmative Action Subscripts In Job Advertisements, David Richard Macdonald

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Validation Of A Test Battery And Biographical Data Used To Select Key-Punch Operators, Michael F. O'Toole

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Self-Reinforcement In The Classroom: Assessing Efficacy, Durability, Prior History And Unmerited Self-Reward, Mark Henry Lewis

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Extrinsic Reinforcement On Previously Non-Reinforced "Preferred" Play Activities, Tanea Calou

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Stable Baselines For Single-Subject Experiments, Gerard Robert Brost

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Signalled And Unsignalled Response-Independent Electric Shock On A Food Reinforced Baseline: The Effects Of Shock Intensity And Reinforcement Shock Pairings, Jose Carlos Simoes Fontes

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Visual Feedback On Vocal Pitch Matching, Anita R. Herron

Dissertations and Theses

A review of the literature on the inaccurate singer provided strong evidence that improvement in pitch matching skill was possible. Visual feedback was found to be an effective aid in earlier studies, but none of the previous studies provided both a comparison group which had identical practice without the visual cues and a control group which received no form of practice. Such a design was used in the present study.

Thirty students at Portland State University who claimed to have considerable difficulty carrying a tune were given the opportunity to try to match Individual pitches under one of three conditions …

An Examination Of The Interrelationship Between Caregiver Behaviors, Infant Temperament And Perceptual-Cognitive Development, Anita E. Stauffer

Dissertations and Theses

The present study extended the Lewis and Goldberg (1968) study and included the parameter of infant temperament as defined by Thomas, Chess, Birch, Hertzig and Korn (1963). As in the Goldberg study, the index of response decrement was used as a measure of the infant’s development. It was hypothesized that response decrement would be positively correlated with high frequency of caregiver stimulation and negatively correlated with high infant intensity and activity ratings. Response decrement is the measured decrease in the amount of time an infant looks at a novel stimulus after several trials. It was computed by observing the infant’s …

The Effectiveness Of Various Omission Training Procedures As A Function Of Reinforcement History, Mary Patricia Brockman

Student Work

This experiment analyzed the relative effectiveness of three forms of omission training (OT 20 sec, OT 5 sec, and gradual OT with a time-dependent criterlor) in reducing a bar press response following three different reinforcement histories. Thirty-six children between the ages of 4% and 11 years were initially trained to press a bar according to a VR 35 schedule of reinforcement. The different omission training conditions were introduced directly following the VR 35 baseline, following a lengthened history of VR, and following a DRL intervention condition designed to enhance the effectiveness of the OT condition.

Variations Of Sexual Stimuli And Subject Personality Variables In Immediate And Delayed Paired-Associate Learning, Flynn O'Malley

Psychology ETDs

Previous research using affective stimuli in learning and· memory tasks has yielded conflicting results regarding the effects of such stimuli on performance, and there has been little research employing affective photographs in such tasks. The present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of highly explicit sexual photographs of individuals used as stimulus terms in the immediate and delayed paired-associate (P-A) learning of college students. Of particular interest was the extent to which high arousal would differentially affect immediate (Session 1) and delayed (Session 2) P-A performance. The research consisted of a stimulus scaling study and three experiments. …

Differential Effects Of Instructions To Role-Play Mental Illness On The Performance Of Chicanos And Anglos On Two Subtests Of The Wais, Teresa Y. Makowski

Psychology ETDs

Anglo and Chicano conceptions of mental illness were studied through a cross-cultural comparison of performance on the Information and Comprehension subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale either under standard instructions or under instructions to role-play mental illness. Thirty-two Anglo (22 female and 10 male) and thirty-two Chicano (18 female and 14 male) students from introductory psychology classes participated in the study. It was predicted that both Anglo and Chicano subjects would have decreased performance on both subtests under role­playing instructions. This prediction was based on the concept of mental illness which suggests that the mentally ill are seen as …

An Analysis Of Generalization In A Parent Training Program From A Laboratory To Home Setting, Carol Mindell

Student Work

A mother was trained in a structured laboratory setting, through written and verbal instructions and daily verbal feedback, to modify specific components of her attention to her 4-yr-old daughter’s behavior during an instruct ion-following task. Examinations were made of the effectiveness of parent training in changing the mother’s behavior in the structured laboratory setting, as well as the extent of generalized change in mother’s responses in three other settings in which no training was conducted: 1) a similar structured period in the home, 2) a dissimilar unstructured period in the laboratory, and 3) a-dissimlar unstructured period in the home. The …

Delivery Of Community Mental Health Services Through A 5-Session Group Therapy Module, Annie Lee Jones

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore one possible way to facilitate change in low-income groups through the use of a time-limited group therapy program. It was hoped that through the documentation of change with each case in the study it would be shown that change was possible for low-income persons utilizing psychotherapy, especially with realistic assessment of problems and the setting of realistic goals by the client and therapist.

The assessment data was obtained for each case through these instruments: A. Problems Checklist; B. Personal Data Sheet; C. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; D. The Levenson Internal-External Scale; …

Retention As A Function Of Transfer Paradign And Introversion-Extroversion, Glenna F. Hasslacher

Master's Theses

In an effort to investigate the effects of personality on paired-associate learning, sixty students from the Univer­ sity of Richmond were separated into three groups of extro­ vert, control, and introvert, on the basis of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Five Ss from each group were randomly assigned to four paired-associate learning conditions (A-Br, A-C, C-B, C-D) and required to learn an A-B and a second paired-associate learning list to a criterion of one perfect score. Subjects were required to return to the lab after 24 hours for a retention test of both the second list and the original A-B …

A Three Step Strategy For Training A Beginning Teacher To Use Positive Social Reinforcement In The Classroom, Robert D. Morris

Master's Theses

The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of a three-step strategy designed to modify a classroom teacher's consequating behavior. In Step 1, a group contingency game was introduced into the classroom to reduce talk-outs and out-of-seats. In Step 2, the game was supplemented by observer instructions and feedback to the teacher concerning her consequating behavior. The purpose of the feedback was to increase teacher approval for appropriate behavior and to decrease teacher disapproval for inappropriate behavior. In Step 3, the group contingency game was removed but the teacher continued to receive feedback on her consequating behavior. Therefore, …

The Outsider Conceptual Definition And Linkages To Several Psychological Theories, Thomas R. Holmes

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Stimulus Properties Of Population Density, Robert Alan Schauerhamer

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Treatment Of Alcoholism: An Avaluative Review, Kenneth Francis Foti

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Reduction Of Self-Injurious Behaviors In Retardates Using A Spray Mist, Michael F. Dorsey

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Descriptive Information On Accuracy Of Interpersonal Perception, Sung Soo Park

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Simulator Training On The Acquisition And Generalization Of Pedestrian Skills In Retarded Persons, Terry J. Page

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Response Preferences To Affirmative Action Statements In Job Advertisements, Milo Anthony Masura

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of Apa Members' Attitudes Concerning Dual Relationships, Gary P. Sazama

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

The American Psychological Association (APA) has constructed the Ethical Standards of Psychologists to serve as a guideline for the therapeutic behavior of its members. Collective literary opinion suggests that a code of ethics be constructed from the attitudes and values of the associations members and the attitudes and values of the society in which these individuals practice.

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, it attempted to determine the attitudes of APA members concerning Section 6a of the 7th Draft of the Ethical Standards of Psychologists which deals with the practice of dual relationships. Second, this study attempted to …

The Effects Of Maternal Deprivation And Social Isolation On Later Social Dominance In The Albino Rat, Richard P. Banning

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Selective Pretraining On The Acquisition Of Matching-To-Sample Behavior In Pigeons, Richard G. Marriott

Psychology ETDs

The rapidity of acquisition of matching-to-sample behavior has repeatedly been shown to be related directly to the stimulus dimension from which the matching stimuli are selected. In short, pigeons acquire matching with color stimuli much more rapidly than matching with geometric form stimuli. Recent attempts to explain this finding have suggested that the discriminability of the sample stimulus from other sample stimuli is an important variable contributing to this effect. In addition, it has been suggested that relative acquisition rates of matching-to-sample behavior can be predicted from acquisition rates of simple discrimination tasks. The present series of experiments were designed …

The Functional Significance Of Imagery In The Learning And Memory Of The Educable Mentally Retarded, Doris C. Sahd

Psychology ETDs

This research examined imagery effects in the learning and long-term retention of educable mentally retarded subjects. Between-subject factors included the level of stimulus imagery (low imagery versus high imagery), instructional procedure (standard paired-associate instruction versus imagery instruction), and length of retention interval (immediate, one week, and two weeks). Materials used were two lists of paired-associate nouns, selected so that meaningfulness was held constant while imagery was varied. Imagery was low for the stimulus terms of one list and high for the stimulus terms of the other list. Subjects were 120 non-institutionalized educable mentally retarded children (mean MA of 9.19) from …