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Assessing The Effectiveness Of Antiretroviral Adherence Interventions: Using Marginal Structural Models To Replicate The Findings Of Randomized Controlled Trials., Maya L. Petersen, Yue Wang, Mark J. Van Der Laan, David R. Bangsberg

Maya Petersen

Randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral medications are not always feasible. Marginal Structural Models (MSM) are a statistical methodology that aims to replicate the findings of randomized controlled trials using observational data. Under the assumption of no unmeasured confounders, three MSM estimators are available to estimate the causal effect of an intervention. Two of these estimators, G-computation and Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighted, can be implemented using standard software. G-computation relies on fitting a multivariable regression of adherence on the intervention and confounders. Thus, it is related to the standard multivariable regression approach to estimating causal …

Modeling An Outbreak Of Anthrax, Ron Brookmeyer

Ron Brookmeyer

Introduction

On October 2, 2001 a sixty-three-year-old Florida man who worked as a photo editor at a media publishing company was admitted to an emergency department complaining of nausea, vomiting, and fever. His symptoms began four days earlier on a recreational trip to North Carolina. The man died shortly thereafter. An astute clinician quickly made the surprising diagnosis of inhalational anthrax, which is a serious and deadly disease. The diagnosis was surprising because inhalational anthrax is extremely rare; only 18 cases were reported in the United States between 1900 and 1978. Public health officials at first believed that the Florida …

Airborne Measurements Of Carbonaceous Aerosol Soluble In Water Over Northeastern United States: Method Development And An Investigation Into Water-Soluble Organic Carbon Sources, A. P. Sullivan, Richard E. Peltier, C. A. Brock, J. A. De Gouw, J. S. Holloway, C. Warneke, A. G. Wollny, R. J. Weber

Richard E. Peltier

A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was coupled to a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer for 3 s integrated measurements of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM1 ambient particles. The components of the instrument are described in detail. The PILS-TOC was deployed on the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the NEAQS/ITCT 2004 program to investigate WSOC sources over the northeastern United States and Canada. Two main sources were identified: biomass burning emissions from fires in Alaska and northwestern Canada and emissions emanating from urban centers. Biomass burning WSOC was correlated with carbon monoxide (CO) and acetonitrile (r2 > 0.88). These plumes were intercepted in …

Concentrations And Sources Of Organic Carbon Aerosols In The Free Troposphere Over North America, Colette L. Heald, Daniel J. Jacob, Solène Turquety, Rynda C. Hudman, Rodney J. Weber, Amy P. Sullivan, Richard E. Peltier, Eliot L. Atlas, Joost A. De Gouw, Carsten Warneke, John S. Holloway, J. Andrew Neuman, John H. Seinfeld, Frank M. Flocke

Richard E. Peltier

Aircraft measurements of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) aerosol over NE North America during summer 2004 (ITCT-2K4) are simulated with a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to test our understanding of the sources of organic carbon (OC) aerosol in the free troposphere (FT). Elevated concentrations were observed in plumes from boreal fires in Alaska and Canada. WSOC aerosol concentrations outside of these plumes average 0.9 ± 0.9 mg C m 3 in the FT (2–6 km). The corresponding model value is 0.7 ± 0.6 mg C m 3, including 42% from biomass burning, 36% from biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and …

Prepms: Tof Ms Data Graphical Preprocessing Tool, Yuliya V. Karpievitch, Elizabeth G. Hill, Adam J. Smolka, Jeffrey S. Morris, Kevin R. Coombes, Keith A. Baggerly, Jonas S. Almeida

Jeffrey S. Morris

We introduce a simple-to-use graphical tool that enables researchers to easily prepare time-of-flight mass spectrometry data for analysis. For ease of use, the graphical executable provides default parameter settings experimentally determined to work well in most situations. These values can be changed by the user if desired. PrepMS is a stand-alone application made freely available (open source), and is under the General Public License (GPL). Its graphical user interface, default parameter settings, and display plots allow PrepMS to be used effectively for data preprocessing, peak detection, and visual data quality assessment.

Public Health Preparedness Of Health Providers: Meeting The Needs Of Diverse, Rural Communities, Chiehwen Ed Hsu, Francisco Soto Mas, Holly Jacobson

Francisco Soto Mas

No abstract provided.

Probiotics: Therapeutic Potential For People With Spinal Cord Injury (Sci), Kingsley C. Anukam

Kingsley C Anukam

The recent increased interest in probiotics “Live microorganism which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”, has not yet translated into specific products for hospitalized or spinal cord injured (SCI) patients in Canada. Europeans have more access to clinically proven products, such as Proviva, a Lactobacillus plantarum 299V containing milk drink which when given with oat fibres, has been shown to reduce infections in seriously ill surgical patients. For applications to SCI patients, several options could either be tested now or applied in the future. There are good data on the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotic …

The Anatomy Of A Sport Managenemt Sales Class, Anthony Lachowetz

Anthony J Lachowetz

No abstract provided.

Traditional Medicine And Traditional Music In Madagascar, Nat Quansah

Nat Quansah

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Timing Of Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery In Patients With Positive Or Close Resection Margins, Young Age, And Node-Negative Disease, With Long Term Follow-Up, Olga Vujovic, Anil Cherian, Edward Yu, A. Dar, Larry Stitt, Francisco Perera

Edward Yu

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of timing of radiotherapy after conservative breast surgery on local recurrence in women with positive resection margins and young age, treated without systemic therapy. Methods and materials: A total of 568 patients with T1 and T2, N0 breast cancer were treated with breast-conserving surgery and breast irradiation, between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1992, at the London Regional Cancer Centre. 63 patients (11.1%) had positive/close resection margins (< 2 mm) and 48 patients (8.4%) were age < or = 40 years. For patients with positive resection margins, the time intervals from breast surgery to breast irradiation used for analysis were, 0 to 8 weeks, > 8 to 12 weeks and > 12 weeks. For patients < or = 40 years, the intervals used for analysis were 0 to 8 weeks and > 8 weeks. Results: Median follow up was 11.2 years. For patients …

Internet Chat Rooms: Connecting With A New Generation Of Young Men Of Color At Risk For Hiv Infection Who Have Sex With Other Men., Sheldon Fields

Sheldon D. Fields

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of gay-related Internet chat rooms by young men who have sex with other men of color (YMSMC) in a specific catchment area. Participants were 104 YMSMC age 18 to 24 (M = 21.56) who were encountered in two gay-related Internet chat rooms during April 2005. Participants were mainly African American (53.7%, n = 56), HIV-negative (57.6%, n = 60), and online looking for some type of sexual encounter (80.7%, n = 84). The results of this study support the need to develop specific culturally appropriate HIV prevention Internet outreach protocols …

Age-Related Dystrophin–Glycoprotein Complex Structure And Function In The Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus And Soleus Muscle, Kevin M. Rice, Deborah L. Preston, David Neff, Michael L. Norton, Eric R. Blough

Eric Blough

Age-Related Dystrophin–Glycoprotein Complex Structure And Function In The Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus And Soleus Muscle, Kevin M. Rice, Deborah L. Preston, David Neff, Michael L. Norton, Eric R. Blough

Kevin M Rice

Age-Related Dystrophin–Glycoprotein Complex Structure And Function In The Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus And Soleus Muscle, Kevin M. Rice, Deborah L. Preston, David Neff, Michael L. Norton, Eric R. Blough

Deborah L Preston

Exposure To Environmentally Relevant Doses Of The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol-A Alters Development Of The Fetal Mouse Mammary Gland, Laura Vandenberg, Maricel V. Maffini, Perinaaz R. Wadia, Carlos Sonnenschein, Beverly S. Rubin, Ana M. Soto

Laura Vandenberg

Humans are routinely exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic compound that leaches from dental materials, food and beverage containers, and other plastic consumer products. Effects of perinatal BPA exposure on the mouse mammary gland have been observed in puberty and adulthood, long after the period of exposure has ended. The aim of this study was to examine fetal mammary gland development at embryonic day (E)18 and assess changes in the tissue organization and histoarchitecture after exposure to an environmentally relevant dose of BPA. In unexposed fetuses, the relative position of the fetus with respect to its female and male siblings …

Youth And Adult Community Member Beliefs About Inupiat Youth Suicide And Its Prevention, Lisa Wexler, Brenda Goodwin

Lisa Wexler

Objectives. To better understand youth and adult community members’ perceived causes and possible preventative steps to address the high Inupiat youth suicide rates in Northwest Alaska. Study Design. A five-item, open-ended survey focusing on community members’ perceptions of suicide causes, warning signs, and protective factors was administered in the twelve Native villages served by the Maniilaq Association, a native non-profit organization. Methods. A total of 382 surveys were completed. Qualitative answers were assigned to categories by two reviewers. Main categories are described reflecting the percentages of all response categories and those of youth and adult respondents. To discern whether the …

Is It Useful To Measure Sedimentation Rate (Esr) As A Broad Screening Test In The Emergency Department?, Paris B. Lovett

Paris B Lovett

Is It Useful to Measure Sedimentation Rate (ESR) as a Broad Screening Test in the Emergency Department? Breen LM, Lovett PB, Greenwald RA NewYork Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY Background: Multiple studies have reported that markedly elevated sedimentation rates (ESR_100) are associated with several groups of diagnoses: infection, systemic inflammatory disorders, malignancy, and renal disease. These associations are largely drawn from case series. ESR is sometimes used as a screening test in the emergency department (ED), yet the clinical value of such screening is uncertain. Study Objectives: Our …

Applicants Report That Their Rankings Of Em Programs Are Most Driven By Wellness, Morale, Happiness And Rapport, Paris B. Lovett

Paris B Lovett

Applicants Report That Their Rankings of EM Programs Are Most Driven by Wellness, Morale, Happiness and Rapport

Lovett PB, Sayan OR, Glassman GD, Petrik R

New York Presbyterian Hospital/ Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY

Study Objectives: Our objectives were to (1) determine which factors are considered most important to residency applicants as they choose between residency programs in emergency medicine (EM) and (2) compare the response rates on this electronic/Web survey against response rates in prior comparable paper/mail surveys.

Methods: We surveyed all 118 applicants who interviewed at an urban, academic PGY1-4 EM program in 2005-6. A Web …

Respiratory Symptoms: A Reason To Obtain Spirometry, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Comment on

Discrepancy in the use of confirmatory tests in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure. [Respir Care. 2006]

http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/51/10/1116.full.pdf

Spirometric Screening - Does It Work?, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2104769/

Current Controversies In Critical Care Pharmacotherapy: Incorporating Evidence Into Practice. How Can We Start Nutrition, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

No abstract provided.

Nursing Students’ Empowerment In Distance Education: Testing Kanter's Theory, Elizabeth Ledwell, Mary-Anne Andrusyszyn, Carrolll Iwasiw

Mary-Anne Andrusyszyn

This qualitative, explanatory study examined Post-RN baccalaureate nursing students’ experiences of empowerment with distance education and computer conferencing (CC) for fit with the constructs of Kanter’s (1977, 1993) Theory of Structural Power in Organizations. Seven post-RNs from Canadian distance education nursing programs were interviewed. Interview transcripts were examined using content analysis. Kanter’s theory was useful in describing empowerment structures in distance education courses. Feedback from instructors, access to library facilities, and support from employers and family are essential elements of an empowering educational experience. Students missed face-to-face contact. Two themes unrelated to Kanter’s theory—self-direction and determination to succeed—emerged. This study, …

Age-Related Functional Recruitment During The Recognition Of Famous Names: An Event-Related Fmri Study, Kristy Nielson, K Douville, M Seidenberg, J Woodard, S Miller, P Antuono, M Franczak, S Rao

Kristy Nielson

Recent neuroimaging research shows that older adults exhibit recruitment, or increased activation on various cognitive tasks. The current study evaluated whether a similar pattern also occurs in semantic memory by evaluating age-related differences during recognition of Recent (since the 1990s) and Enduring (1950s to present) famous names. Fifteen healthy older and 15 healthy younger adults performed the name recognition task with a high and comparable degree of accuracy, although older adults had slower reaction time in response to Recent famous names. Event-related functional MRI showed extensive networks of activation in the two groups including posterior cingulate, right hippocampus, temporal lobe …

Assistive Technology Enhancement Of Written Expression For Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders [Poster], Laura Greiss Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood, Susan Harris

Laura Greiss Hess

Occupational Therapy And Speech Therapy: A Collaborative Approach To Intervention For Fxs, Laura Greiss Hess, Kerrie Lemons Chitwood

Laura Greiss Hess

Exhaled-Breath Condensate Ph Can Be Safely And Continuously Monitored In Mechanically Ventilated Patients, Brian Walsh

Brian Walsh

No abstract provided.

Psychosocial And Spiritual Factors Associated With Smoking And Substance Use During Pregnancy In African-American And Caucasian Low-Income Women, Darlene Elizabeth Jesse

D. Elizabeth Jesse

No abstract provided.

Information-Seeking Behavior Of Faculty In One School Of Public Health, Lisa C. Wallis

Lisa C. Wallis, MSPH, MS

Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry Of Tropospheric Aerosol Particles, D. M. Murphy, D. J. Cziczo, K. D. Froyd, P. K. Hudson, B. M. Matthew, A. M. Middlebrook, Richard E. Peltier, A. Sullivan, D. S. Thomson, R. J. Weber

Richard E. Peltier

The Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument has measured the composition of single particles during a number of airborne and ground-based campaigns. In the regions studied, 30% to over 80% of the aerosol mass in the free troposphere was carbonaceous material. Most of this carbonaceous material was probably organic. Although there were variations in their amounts, over 90% of accumulation mode particles away from local sources were internal mixtures of sulfates and carbonaceous material. Within this internal mixing, there was variation in the pattern of carbonaceous peaks in the spectra, especially in peaks related to organic acids. Particles …

Cara Mengatasi Gatal Di Selangkangan, Caramengatasigatal Padaselakanganpk01a1

caramengatasigatal padaselakanganpk01a1