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County-Level View Of Irrigation Trends In Utah And The West, Matt Yost, Britta L. Schumacher, Luree Johnson, Emily Burchfield, Burdette Barker Sep 2022

County-Level View Of Irrigation Trends In Utah And The West, Matt Yost, Britta L. Schumacher, Luree Johnson, Emily Burchfield, Burdette Barker

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We explored water use management and trends in irrigated agriculture in the U.S. West using operator-level USDA-NASS Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey (FRIS)/Irrigation and Water Management Survey (IWMS) data aggregated for the first time to the county instead of state scale. Our hope is that this study will guide water managers in developing regional conservation programs, inform extension and research initiatives related to irrigation, promote grower-informed water conservation education, and provide researchers with key information regarding if, how, and why growers consider water conservation in irrigation decision-making.

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Ranunculus Cut Flower Production Budget, One High Tunnel, Northern Utah, 2022, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Ruby Ward Sep 2022

Ranunculus Cut Flower Production Budget, One High Tunnel, Northern Utah, 2022, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Ruby Ward

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This budget contains costs (preplant and site preparation, establishment and maintenance, and harvest and processing) and returns for the production and sale of ranunculus cut flowers that were grown in a high tunnel (14 feet by 40 feet). Production methods, yield, costs, and pricing were determined from Utah State University research trials, as well as feedback from Northern Utah producers. The costs and returns represent typical production in Northern Utah but should be adjusted where necessary for individual situations. Site selection, tunnel use, variety, harvest timing, pest management, and other practices will impact costs and returns to a cut-flower operation.

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Integrated Pest And Pollinator Management, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears, Marion Murray, Ricardo Ramirez Sep 2022

Integrated Pest And Pollinator Management, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears, Marion Murray, Ricardo Ramirez

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An inextricable link exists between humans and pollinators, with benefits that include ecosystem health and function and human food security. Bees, butterflies, moths, wasps, flies, and beetles are responsible for most the world's pollination services. Considering the mounting scientific evidence denoting global pollinator declines, there is a critical need to prioritize pollinators and the essential services they provide. This fact sheet provides information about integrated pest and pollinator management (IPPM), which goes beyond integrated pest management (IPM) to include proactive, preventive measures that consider pollinators as well as pests in horticulture management.

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Guide To Drought Tolerance Of Utah Field Crops, Matt Yost, Tina Sullivan, Dakota Boren, Luree Johnson, Melanie Mills, Earl Creech, Boyd Kitchen, Randall Violett Aug 2022

Guide To Drought Tolerance Of Utah Field Crops, Matt Yost, Tina Sullivan, Dakota Boren, Luree Johnson, Melanie Mills, Earl Creech, Boyd Kitchen, Randall Violett

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Crop variety selection is one of the most important choices on the farm. Crop genetics determine a significant portion of the yield potential and resource use efficiency. Crop types and genetics that use water more efficiently will become increasingly important as water becomes scarcer. Throughout Utah and the Western United States, water availability is decreasing due to various factors, including reduced snowpack and rapid urban growth. Alfalfa, other hay, small grains, and corn are grown on more acres than any other crops in Utah and much of the Intermountain West. These crops all have varieties, hybrids, and cultivars with the …

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Precision Irrigation Guide For Center Pivots, Elisa Flint, Matt Yost, Troy Peters, Clara Anderson, Burdette Barker, Neil Hansen Aug 2022

Precision Irrigation Guide For Center Pivots, Elisa Flint, Matt Yost, Troy Peters, Clara Anderson, Burdette Barker, Neil Hansen

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This factsheet discusses the different variable rate irrigation (VRI) options for center pivots, when they might reduce water use and energy, produce higher crop yields, and when it might be unreasonable to expect these kinds of benefits.

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Three Options For Mixing And Loading Spray Tanks, Kalen Taylor, Cody Zesiger, Corey Ransom, Earl Creech, Matt Yost Aug 2022

Three Options For Mixing And Loading Spray Tanks, Kalen Taylor, Cody Zesiger, Corey Ransom, Earl Creech, Matt Yost

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Correctly mixing a tank for chemical applications is something most farmers, ranchers, and home gardeners do regularly. However, understanding how to properly mix and calculate rates can be complicated. Follow one of the three options outlined in this fact sheet to accurately obtain application rates and mix chemical products safely and effectively.

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Irrigation Water Loss And Recovery In Utah, Bradley S. Crookston, Troy Peters, Matt Yost, Burdette Barker Aug 2022

Irrigation Water Loss And Recovery In Utah, Bradley S. Crookston, Troy Peters, Matt Yost, Burdette Barker

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When deciding which irrigation systems to adopt, permit, or promote, it is important to consider how their efficiency and losses affect the water balance of Utah’s watersheds and drainage basins. Irrigators have no control over precipitation and only limited control of surface waters entering and leaving the state, as most of those are controlled by legal agreements. However, Utah’s water managers, elected officials, and water users can consider how surface water flows and groundwater storage is affected by using more efficient irrigation systems. Sprinkler, surface, or drip irrigation systems each have trade-offs in irrigation application efficiency, cost, and other factors. …

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The Benefits Of Growth-Promoting Implants For Beef Cattle, Caleb C. Reichhardt, Reganne K. Briggs, Laura Motsinger, Kara Thornton-Kurth, Matthew D. Garcia Aug 2022

The Benefits Of Growth-Promoting Implants For Beef Cattle, Caleb C. Reichhardt, Reganne K. Briggs, Laura Motsinger, Kara Thornton-Kurth, Matthew D. Garcia

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Growth-promoting implants have been used in the cattle industry for decades. Their benefits allow cattle producers to become more sustainable by decreasing the amount of resources used. Resources such as water and land are decreased when using growth-promoting implants in beef cattle.

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Dahlia Mosaic Virus On Dahlia, Savannah Gleeson, Melanie Stock, Claudia Nischwitz Aug 2022

Dahlia Mosaic Virus On Dahlia, Savannah Gleeson, Melanie Stock, Claudia Nischwitz

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Dahlias are economically important crops in the cut flower industry, which is growing rapidly in US Mountain West. Dahlia stems can be sold at $4 to $5 each on wholesale markets, as locally produced dahlias are particularly sought after by florists due to their higher quality and longer vase life than imports. There are many different varieties of dahlias, and they can all be impacted by Dahlia Mosaic Virus (DMV), a widespread viral disease. DMV is causing significant losses in quality and yield of dahlias. This fact sheet details the symptoms, disease cycle, and management.

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Landscape Tree Irrigation Calculator, Shital Poudyal Jul 2022

Landscape Tree Irrigation Calculator, Shital Poudyal

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Trees, undoubtedly, are the most valuable plant in a landscape and must be prioritized for irrigation in drought conditions. Grass easily recovers from a period of long drought; hence, it must be placed last on the priority list for irrigation. Many resources are available online that explain ways to irrigate landscape trees. However, growers and homeowners in Utah are still confused about quantifying and applying the appropriate amount of water a landscape tree needs. This Excel spreadsheet is an irrigation calculator designed to determine the amount of water a landscape tree needs in Utah’s hot and dry summer months. Find …

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How Much Water Do Landscape Trees Require In Utah? An Irrigation Calculator, Shital Poudyal Jul 2022

How Much Water Do Landscape Trees Require In Utah? An Irrigation Calculator, Shital Poudyal

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Trees, undoubtedly, are the most valuable plant in a landscape and must be prioritized for irrigation in drought conditions. Grass easily recovers from a period of long drought; hence, it must be placed last on the priority list for irrigation. Many resources are available online that explain ways to irrigate landscape trees. However, growers and homeowners in Utah are still confused about quantifying and applying the appropriate amount of water a landscape tree needs. This fact sheet includes a simple calculator designed to determine the amount of water a landscape tree needs in Utah’s hot and dry summer months.

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Managing Stress For Agricultural Producers: Learning To "Unhook", Jacob Gossner, Beth Fauth, Tasha Howard Jul 2022

Managing Stress For Agricultural Producers: Learning To "Unhook", Jacob Gossner, Beth Fauth, Tasha Howard

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All of us experience stress, and with it, unpleasant, uncomfortable, or distressing thoughts. Agriculture can be an especially stressful profession. Much of the time, people are able to manage the stress—we refocus on our lives and move on. At other times, however, stressful thoughts impact moods negatively. These thoughts seem to consume all attention, pulling people away from others and things they care about in a process called “getting hooked” (Harris, 2019). Unhelpful thoughts may make people act in ways they don’t feel good about. The good news is that people can learn skills to “unhook” from unhelpful thoughts and …

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Utah Brand Inspections For Horses, Karl Hoopes, Jacob Hadfield, Jessie Hadfield Jul 2022

Utah Brand Inspections For Horses, Karl Hoopes, Jacob Hadfield, Jessie Hadfield

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Brand inspection laws and proof of ownership laws are often misunderstood by horse owners in Utah. Outlined in this paper are the current laws regarding requirements for proof of ownership while traveling and brand inspection requirements during the transfer of ownership.

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Oaks In The Landscape, Sheriden M. Hansen, Jaydee Gunnell, Andra Emmertson Jul 2022

Oaks In The Landscape, Sheriden M. Hansen, Jaydee Gunnell, Andra Emmertson

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Oak trees (Quercus sp.) are generally a tough, drought tolerant, and beautiful addition to Utah landscapes. There are roughly 450 known species of oak, with about 60 cultivars that are native to North America. Oaks are known for slow growth, sturdiness, and easy care and can be used to create a focal point and ornamental interest in the landscape. This fact sheet reviews recommended cultivars for the Intermountain West and how to grow them, including site selection and preparation, planting and spacing, irrigation, and addressing challenges such as weeds, fertilization, pruning, and diseases and pests.

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High Tunnel Construction Cost Calculation Workbook, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Brent Black, Dan Drost Jun 2022

High Tunnel Construction Cost Calculation Workbook, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Brent Black, Dan Drost

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The cost of building a high tunnel fluctuates over time with supply prices. This Excel workbook accompanies the USU Extension fact sheet, "Constructing a Low-cost High Tunnel" by Black, Drost, Rowley, and Heflebower (2011) and allows users to input local supply costs. The workbook then calculates the cost to build a USU low-cost high tunnel with several design options according to high tunnel length and door structure. It also provides an example calculation based on April 2022 pricing for reference.

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Market Animal Feed Efficiency: A Tool For Evaluating Feed Conversion, Cody Zesiger, Jessie Hadfield, Jacob Hadfield, Joshua Dallin Jun 2022

Market Animal Feed Efficiency: A Tool For Evaluating Feed Conversion, Cody Zesiger, Jessie Hadfield, Jacob Hadfield, Joshua Dallin

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The market animal feed efficiency calculator is designed to help youth livestock producers become more profitable and improve market animal feed efficiency.

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On-Farm Research Guide, Matt Yost, Jody Gale, Earl Creech, Megan Baker, Jeffrey Austin, Grant Cardon, Cody Zesiger Jun 2022

On-Farm Research Guide, Matt Yost, Jody Gale, Earl Creech, Megan Baker, Jeffrey Austin, Grant Cardon, Cody Zesiger

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Many growers want to increase crop productivity and farm profitability. On-farm research is a way growers can achieve this goal by discovering answers to important questions about the benefits of using specific products or practices they are uncertain about or are unproven. Validating the efficacy of already-implemented practices is another important reason to do on-farm research trials (Nielsen, 2008). Each farm is unique and can benefit from individualized on-farm research, especially since university and industry researchers cannot study every product or practice for every unique field or farm growing condition. This how-to guide covers benefits and best practices for conducting …

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Create Better Health Curriculum, Casey Coombs, Jaqueline Neid Jun 2022

Create Better Health Curriculum, Casey Coombs, Jaqueline Neid

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CBH is a comprehensive nutrition curriculum designed to teach adult SNAP-Ed participants how to eat well and be active on a budget. CBH combines nutrition and physical activity recommendations from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Each lesson has three components: a nutrition topic based on the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a physical activity discussion based on USDA recommendations, and a Create recipe demonstration and sample. The components are woven together in eight lessons that are designed to keep participants engaged, while actively learning the skills needed to create a healthier lifestyle.

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Extending The Garden Season, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Sheriden M. Hansen, Jaydee Gunnell May 2022

Extending The Garden Season, Taun Beddes, Michael Caron, Sheriden M. Hansen, Jaydee Gunnell

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Many homeowners have the dream of growing fresh vegetables year-round. Unfortunately, in colder climates, this is only possible using a complete greenhouse with supplemental heating/cooling and lights. Greenhouses can be excessively expensive to maintain and heat, making them impractical for most homeowners. This is not only due to cold winter temperatures but shorter day lengths and lower available light that must be offset artificially. There are practical, less expensive ways to obtain self-grown produce earlier and later in the growing season, though, by using season-extending techniques. These include using equipment such as cold frames, high tunnels, low tunnels, floating row …

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Water-Wise Landscape Ideas For Existing Landscapes, Shital Poudyal May 2022

Water-Wise Landscape Ideas For Existing Landscapes, Shital Poudyal

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This fact sheet outlines five easy ways to convert an existing landscape to a water-wise landscape without substantial renovation for those who do not have the time, resources, or expertise to renovate the existing landscape completely.

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Asian Longhorned Beetle, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears May 2022

Asian Longhorned Beetle, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears

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Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) is a large wood-boring pest that threatens maple and other North American hardwood tree species. This fact sheet describes its life stages, plant hosts, damage symptoms, and monitoring, prevention, and management.

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Creating Positive Lasting Changes With Utah Farmers Markets: Usda Farmers Market Promotion Program Impact Report 2018-2022, Roslynn Mccann, Regan Emmons, Lacee Jimenez, Kelsey Hall, Jaclyn Pace, Celina Wille, Carrie Durward, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos May 2022

Creating Positive Lasting Changes With Utah Farmers Markets: Usda Farmers Market Promotion Program Impact Report 2018-2022, Roslynn Mccann, Regan Emmons, Lacee Jimenez, Kelsey Hall, Jaclyn Pace, Celina Wille, Carrie Durward, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos

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This report identifies ways that farmers markets and direct marketing farmers can address and connect low-income and ethnic-minority populations to healthy food in Utah. It outlines three objectives and highlights program impacts.

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Quagga Mussel And Zebra Mussel, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears May 2022

Quagga Mussel And Zebra Mussel, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears

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Quagga mussel and zebra mussel can cause significant ecological, economical, and recreational impacts. This fact sheet describes these two-sided mollusks and reviews impacts, monitoring, and management of these invasive species.

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Utah Farmers Market Snap Toolkit, Regan Emmons, Bridget Stuchly, Gina Cornia May 2022

Utah Farmers Market Snap Toolkit, Regan Emmons, Bridget Stuchly, Gina Cornia

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Utah State University Extension provides research-based programs and resources with the goal of improving the lives of individuals, families and communities throughout Utah. USU Extension manages Create Better Health, Utah’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Education Program (known as SNAP-Ed), and provides nutrition education and obesity prevention services to SNAP recipients and other eligible low-income individuals. Create Better Health (SNAP-Ed) offers a variety of classes to expand participants’ knowledge of nutrition, budgeting, cooking, food safety, and physical activity. This toolkit outlines how farmers markets can implement a SNAP program and help combat food insecurity in their communities.

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Utah Farmers Market Network: Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Community Of Practice, Jaclyn Pace, Regan Emmons, Kelsey Hall, Celina Wille, Lacee Jimenez, Carrie Durward, Roslynn Mccann May 2022

Utah Farmers Market Network: Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Community Of Practice, Jaclyn Pace, Regan Emmons, Kelsey Hall, Celina Wille, Lacee Jimenez, Carrie Durward, Roslynn Mccann

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The Utah Farmers Market Network convened a virtual Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Community of Practice (CoP) to explore how markets could be more welcoming and inclusive to historically excluded populations. Between May and November of 2021, members of seven Utah farmers markets convened at least twice monthly to explore basic DEI concepts and create personalized DEI strategic plans for their markets. This document reviews impacts on participants and the personal, market, community, and organizational goals created.

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Abiotic Disorders Of Tomatoes, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray, Sheriden M. Hansen, Maegen A. Lewis Apr 2022

Abiotic Disorders Of Tomatoes, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray, Sheriden M. Hansen, Maegen A. Lewis

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Monitoring tomato plants regularly from seedling to harvest allows for early detection of abnormal conditions. Although tomato plants can be attacked by a variety of living organisms (insects, mites, pathogens, vertebrates), nonliving (abiotic) conditions can cause just as much damage. Abiotic diseases in tomato plants can arise from nutrient deficiencies, temperature extremes, abnormal lighting, chemical application, changes in water uptake, mechanical damage, genetic mutations, and more. This guide will cover most of the abiotic disorders and diseases that can affect tomatoes in Utah.

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Big Bud Disease In Tomatoes And Peppers, Claudia Nischwitz, Erin Petrizzo Apr 2022

Big Bud Disease In Tomatoes And Peppers, Claudia Nischwitz, Erin Petrizzo

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This fact sheet provides information on the symptoms of big bud on tomatoes and peppers. It reviews the disease cycle and recommendations on controlling beet leafhopper and managing big bud disease in Utah.

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Fall-Bearing Cultivars: A High Tunnel System For Early Production, Alyssa Palmer, Brent Black Apr 2022

Fall-Bearing Cultivars: A High Tunnel System For Early Production, Alyssa Palmer, Brent Black

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Fresh red raspberries are a consumer favorite in Utah and have a high value but short shelf life, making them an excellent candidate crop for local direct market sales. However, Utah’s high-elevation valleys often experience harsh winter temperatures and short growing seasons, limiting raspberry yields. Raspberry plants exhibit one of two fruiting patterns: the summer-bearing type or the fall-bearing varieties, also referred to as “ever bearers” because of their ability to produce both fall and summer crops. These may be better suited in areas with harsh winter conditions that cause cane dieback. High tunnels can be an effective tool in …

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Importance Of A Dietary Cation-Anion Difference In Peripartum Dairy Cows, Laura A. Motsinger, Jacob Hadfield Apr 2022

Importance Of A Dietary Cation-Anion Difference In Peripartum Dairy Cows, Laura A. Motsinger, Jacob Hadfield

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At calving, nutrient requirements of dairy cows increase to support milk synthesis. Energy and protein requirements are increased at the initiation of lactation (Moore et al., 2000). Additionally, calcium requirements increase tremendously to meet the demands of lactation (Moore et al., 2000). Calving and subsequent milk synthesis can cause calcium concentrations in the blood to drop. When the demand for calcium exceeds the cow’s ability to mobilize calcium, hypocalcemia (low blood calcium) occurs, which can negatively impact production. This fact sheet reviews hypocalcemia in dairy cows and how to implement hypocalcemia prevention strategies.

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Spongy Moth (Lymantria Dispar Dispar Linnaeus), Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears Apr 2022

Spongy Moth (Lymantria Dispar Dispar Linnaeus), Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears

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Spongy moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) are invasive leaf-eating (defoliating) pests that threaten trees and shrubs in urban, suburban, and rural landscapes. The spongy moth was accidentally introduced to the U.S. in 1869 by an amateur French entomologist in Massachusetts who sought to establish a hardier American silkworm industry. These moths now commonly occur in the northeastern U.S. and are also found in parts of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, California, Oregon, and Washington. In Utah, according to the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food (2021), the spongy moth is anticipated to survive and multiply rapidly …

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