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2021

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Sap Beetles, Nick Volesky, Zachery R. Schrumm, Kalen Taylor Dec 2021

Sap Beetles, Nick Volesky, Zachery R. Schrumm, Kalen Taylor

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Sap beetles are typically considered a secondary pest of corn and overripe fruits and vegetables. They are broadly identified by their small and ovular bodies and club-shaped antennae. Adult sap beetles often feed on corn silk, pollen, and tassels. Larvae feed on kernels inside the husk. This fact sheet reviews how to identify sap beetles and their hosts and damage. It also provides ideas on how to monitor for sap beetles and outlines the options for managing them.

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Managing Vegetation Around Fruit Trees, Teryl Roper Nov 2021

Managing Vegetation Around Fruit Trees, Teryl Roper

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Fruit trees thrive along the Wasatch Front and in many other locations in Utah. Backyard fruit trees are very common in Utah, and producers quickly become attuned to insect and disease pests that can swiftly spoil substantial amounts of fruit. They are typically less aware of the detrimental effect of competing vegetation around fruit trees. This fact sheet describes the nature of vegetation competition and proposes management strategies to reduce or eliminate competition.

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Lily Leaf Beetle, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears Nov 2021

Lily Leaf Beetle, Ann Mull, Lori R. Spears

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The lily leaf beetle (LLB) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an important pest from Eurasia that threatens native and cultivated true lilies (Lilium spp.) and fritillaries (Fritillaria spp.). It is also known as the red lily leaf beetle or scarlet lily beetle. LLB was first reported in North America in Montréal, Canada, in 1945 and in the U.S. in 1992 in Massachusetts, likely arriving via European shipments of lily bulbs. LLB has been detected in nine of the 10 Canadian provinces and 14 U.S. states, including the New England states, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Washington (EDDMapS, 2021). Based on LLB’s native distribution …

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Evaluation Of Cold-Hardy Grapes On The Wasatch Front, Michael Caron, Taun Beddes, Michael Pace, Brent Black Nov 2021

Evaluation Of Cold-Hardy Grapes On The Wasatch Front, Michael Caron, Taun Beddes, Michael Pace, Brent Black

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Grapes can be an excellent addition to home gardens and a revenue opportunity for small-acreage farms. Utah’s Wasatch Front region, along with portions of Cache Valley, are well suited to grow grapes, particularly the more cold-hardy cultivars. Many new cold-hardy cultivars have been introduced over the last few decades, including both wine and table types. However, many of these newer cultivars have not been adequately tested in Utah’s unique climate. Utah State University Extension conducted a grape cultivar comparison planting in Lehi, Utah. This fact sheet reviews the outcomes of the study and offers information on tested varieties that have …

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Low Tunnels For Field Cut Flower Production, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Brent Black, Dan Drost Nov 2021

Low Tunnels For Field Cut Flower Production, Shannon Rauter, Melanie Stock, Brent Black, Dan Drost

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Cut flower production in Utah can be limited by cold winters, late-spring freezes, daily temperature fluctuations, canyon winds, and intense sunlight. For growers who lack the space to construct a high tunnel, low tunnels can advance, extend, and improve seasonal production. Temperature increases from low tunnels during winter and spring can increase emergence and yield compared to unprotected beds, but require venting to avoid heat damage. During summer, low tunnels easily transition into shade structures that provide cooling and protection from the sun. This fact sheet describes a simple and cost-effective low tunnel design with metal-conduit hoops that are tall …

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Opioid Facts For Youth, Timothy Keady, Stacey Macarthur, Gabriela Murza, Suzanne Prevedel Oct 2021

Opioid Facts For Youth, Timothy Keady, Stacey Macarthur, Gabriela Murza, Suzanne Prevedel

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This fact sheet explains what opioids are, lists street names, and reviews the risks of using or misusing opioids. It reviews reasons why youth may abuse opioids. Ways youth can help and support peers are included as well as resources to get educated and find treatment for substance abuse and addiction. Several poster-styled and social media-compatible posters are included as an additional file that youth can share with other youth to spread the message and encourage safety.

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Opioid Use Disorder (Oud) And Pregnancy In Utah, Saralyn Margetts, Erin Fanning Madden, Lauran Hymas, Katie Zaman, Gabriela Murza, Suzanne Prevedel, Sandra H. Sulzer Oct 2021

Opioid Use Disorder (Oud) And Pregnancy In Utah, Saralyn Margetts, Erin Fanning Madden, Lauran Hymas, Katie Zaman, Gabriela Murza, Suzanne Prevedel, Sandra H. Sulzer

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Over the past twenty years, opioid use during pregnancy has become much more common (Haight et al., 2018). Opioids may be prescribed for pain management or the treatment of an opioid use disorder (OUD). For example, methadone or buprenorphine are medications recommended for pregnant women with OUD. Opioid use may also include misusing prescription painkillers or using illicit drugs such as heroin. Regardless of the nature of opioid use, it is important for pregnant women to know how opioid use can impact their pregnancy and what treatment options are available.

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Opioid Fast Facts For Parents, Timothy Keady, Paige Wray, Katie Zaman, Gabriela Murza, Gabriel Glissmeyer, Elizabeth Elsmore, Maren Wright Wright Voss, Suzanne Prevedel, Sandra H. Sulzer Oct 2021

Opioid Fast Facts For Parents, Timothy Keady, Paige Wray, Katie Zaman, Gabriela Murza, Gabriel Glissmeyer, Elizabeth Elsmore, Maren Wright Wright Voss, Suzanne Prevedel, Sandra H. Sulzer

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This fact sheet explains what opioids are and how they are used--or misused, which can lead to opioid use disorder (OUD). The information provided can help parents understand what questions to ask if a doctor prescribes opioids, and ways parents can safeguard their child against opioid misuse. It also includes ideas for managing an emergency, namely, using naloxone to address overdose.

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If You Suspect Your Child Is Using Opioids, Gabriela Murza, Timothy Keady, Paige Wray, Elizabeth Elsmore, Gabriel Glissmeyer, Suzanne Prevedel, Sandra H. Sulzer Oct 2021

If You Suspect Your Child Is Using Opioids, Gabriela Murza, Timothy Keady, Paige Wray, Elizabeth Elsmore, Gabriel Glissmeyer, Suzanne Prevedel, Sandra H. Sulzer

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Opioid use disorders touch the lives of many families, and numerous factors influence the decision to use substances. Your child’s drug use does not mean that you are unsuccessful at parenting. This fact sheet considers actions a parent can take to support a child suspected of using opioids. A number of local and national resources are also listed for further guidance and support services.

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Breastfeeding: Tools For Success, Norah Ashby, Casey Coombs, Stacy Bevan, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos Oct 2021

Breastfeeding: Tools For Success, Norah Ashby, Casey Coombs, Stacy Bevan, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos

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Every mother has a unique breastfeeding experience. Breastfeeding is natural, but that does not mean it comes naturally to every mother. The benefits of exclusively breastfeeding for the first six months and supplemental breastfeeding through the second year of life are well documented (Lessen & Kavanagh, 2015). However, there are many barriers that may prevent mothers from breastfeeding, including discomfort or pain, milk supply concerns, or simply not knowing how to breastfeed (Lessen & Kavanagh, 2015; Westerfield et al., 2018). Fortunately, there are a variety of tools that mothers can use to create a successful breastfeeding experience (Dennis et al., …

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Evaluating Alternative Feed Sources During Drought, Matthew D. Garcia, Ruger P. Carter, Ryan Larsen, Eric Thacker, Jacob Hadfield, Reganne K. Briggs, Justen Smith Oct 2021

Evaluating Alternative Feed Sources During Drought, Matthew D. Garcia, Ruger P. Carter, Ryan Larsen, Eric Thacker, Jacob Hadfield, Reganne K. Briggs, Justen Smith

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During years of drought, it is important to critically evaluate alternative feed sources available for cattle. The traditional method for sustaining a herd through a drought is feeding extra stored forage to compensate for decreased forage production or decreased forage quality available on rangelands and pastures due to drought conditions. However, hay prices rise substantially, and availability decreases due to irrigation water limitations and increased demand from livestock producers. This fact sheet will evaluate why hay prices rise and what alternatives are available to compensate for forage reductions during drought.

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Size And Scope Of San Juan County Agriculture 2020, Reagan Wytsalucy, Ryan Feuz, Ryan Larsen, Paige Wray Sep 2021

Size And Scope Of San Juan County Agriculture 2020, Reagan Wytsalucy, Ryan Feuz, Ryan Larsen, Paige Wray

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Located in the southeast corner of the state with approximately 5.2 million acres, San Juan County (SJC) is the largest county in Utah. It makes up one of the four corner states bordered by Colorado on the east and Arizona on the south. Surrounding Utah counties include Kane, Garfield, Wayne, Emery, and Grand. The current population is estimated at 15,772. This fact sheet provides agricultural information on land ownership, crop, vegetable, and livestock production, county characteristics, and producer farm income for San Juan County.

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Gambel Oak Care, Shawn Olsen, Debbie Amundsen, Shital Poudyal Sep 2021

Gambel Oak Care, Shawn Olsen, Debbie Amundsen, Shital Poudyal

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Gambel oak is commonly called scrub oak, but other common names are Rocky Mountain white oak and Utah white oak. The scientific name is Quercus gambelii, after William Gambel, an American naturalist. This fact sheet reviews Gambel oak's usability in the landscape, its care, growth requirements, diseases and pests, and maintenance.

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Increasing Fiber Intake During Childhood And Adolescence, Madison Gunter, Stacy Bevan, Casey Coombs, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos Sep 2021

Increasing Fiber Intake During Childhood And Adolescence, Madison Gunter, Stacy Bevan, Casey Coombs, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos

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Fiber is an important part of a healthful diet that provides numerous benefits when adequately consumed. Yet, many individuals do not know what fiber is, let alone how to eat enough. Thus, it is no surprise that fiber has been a dietary concern among children and adolescents for over a decade, with less than 10% of youth meeting recommended fiber intakes (Finn et al., 2019; Kranz et al., 2012; McGill et al., 2015). In this fact sheet, we will discuss what fiber is, along with its health benefits, current recommendations, and strategies for incorporating fiber into your child’s diet.

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Heat Stress And Reproduction In Beef Cattle, Reganne K. Briggs, Kerry A. Rood Sep 2021

Heat Stress And Reproduction In Beef Cattle, Reganne K. Briggs, Kerry A. Rood

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Reproduction could be considered the most important production trait on a cow-calf operation. Economic outputs are sustained when cattle rebreed and calve every year in a timely manner. However, when cattle are unable to rebreed efficiently, profits may decrease for producers. It is well known that heat stress can negatively impact reproduction in cattle (Jordan, 2003). The Intermountain West has been impacted by drought and increasing temperatures, both of which can impact reproduction rates in cattle. This fact sheet helps producers understand the consequences of heat stress on cattle reproduction and how they can manage reproduction during increasing temperatures.

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Sycamore Scale (Stomacoccus Platani), Marion Murray, Ryan Davis Sep 2021

Sycamore Scale (Stomacoccus Platani), Marion Murray, Ryan Davis

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Sycamore scale feeds on foliage of London planetree and California sycamore in urbanized areas throughout Utah. The insect is difficult to see with the naked eye, so we rely on the primary symptom of yellow-to-brown leaf spots. If needed, the timing of treatment is at bud break and involves oil application and/or a soil-applied systemic insecticide.

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Powdery Mildews On Vegetables, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray, Claudia Nischwitz Aug 2021

Powdery Mildews On Vegetables, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray, Claudia Nischwitz

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Powdery mildew is one of the most easily recognized fungal plant diseases. It is categorized by spots or patches of white-to-gray powder-like growth on foliage, stems, or fruit. Roughly 700 species exist that infect grasses, ornamentals, weeds, fruit trees, landscape trees, shrubs, and vegetables. The closely related species of fungi that cause powdery mildew are host-specific, meaning they cannot survive without the proper host. Powdery mildew fungi spread in conditions of low rainfall and hot temperatures, making Utah’s climate the perfect environment. This fact sheet provides information on powdery mildew and its management.

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High Tunnel Pest Management - Caterpillars, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray Aug 2021

High Tunnel Pest Management - Caterpillars, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray

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In Utah high tunnel production, there are various caterpillar pests (larvae of moth and butterfly species) that cause economic damage to crops. Common caterpillar pest species found in Utah include hornworms, tomato fruit worms, imported cabbage worms, diamondback moths, cabbage loopers, armyworms, and cutworms. Various weed species growing inside or outside high tunnels can attract and harbor caterpillar pests. Managing caterpillar pests in high tunnels involves various mechanical, chemical, biological, and cultural control practices.

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Creaciones En La Cocina Curriculum, Celina Wille Aug 2021

Creaciones En La Cocina Curriculum, Celina Wille

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Este currículo es una interpretación al español y adaptación cultural basado en su mayoría en la publicación titulada CREATE FAMILY MEALS* de Food Sense del Programa de Extensión de la Universidad Estatal de Utah (USU).

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Mejore Su Salud, Celina Wille, Laura Licon, Laura Paola Johnson, Anny Galvin Aug 2021

Mejore Su Salud, Celina Wille, Laura Licon, Laura Paola Johnson, Anny Galvin

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Create Better Health/Mejore su salud es una versión cultural adaptada de Create Better Health evaluada por expertos y escrita en español, Create Better Health es un currículo del programa Create Better Health Utah SNAP-Ed originalmente adaptado de Creates: Essentials in Creating Family Meals por Debra Christofferson, M.D.A., R.D., C.D. Los miembros del equipo de publicación de la versión en inglés son: Casey Coombs, M.S., R.D., C.D., subdirectora de Create Better Health Utah; Jaqueline Neid-Avila, M.D.A., R.D., C.D .; y editores / colaboradores Heidi LeBlanc, M.S., directora de Create Better Health Utah.

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Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Spanish], Celina Wille Jul 2021

Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Spanish], Celina Wille

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This handout, available here in both English and Spanish, provides information to prevent illness through safe food handling practices.

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Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Karen], Celina Wille Jul 2021

Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Karen], Celina Wille

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This handout, available here in both English and Karen, provides information to prevent illness through safe food handling practices.

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Fire Blight In Utah: An Annual Management Guide, Marion Murray Jul 2021

Fire Blight In Utah: An Annual Management Guide, Marion Murray

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Fire blight is a serious disease of apple and pear trees. Because this disease spreads rapidly and symptoms are not visible until two weeks after infection, it can catch growers off-guard. Having a well-executed and integrated year-round management program can reduce losses from fire blight.

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Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Arabic], Celina Wille Jul 2021

Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Arabic], Celina Wille

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This handout, available here in both English and Arabic, provides information to prevent illness through safe food handling practices.

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Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Somali], Celina Wille Jul 2021

Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Somali], Celina Wille

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This handout, available here in both English and Somali, provides information to prevent illness through safe food handling practices.

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Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Tigrinya], Celina Wille Jul 2021

Why Is Safe Food Handling Important? [English/Tigrinya], Celina Wille

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This handout, available here in both English and Tigrinya, provides information to prevent illness through safe food handling practices.

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Corn Smut (Ustilago Maydis), Kalen Taylor, Nick Volesky, Claudia Nischwitz, Marion Murray Jul 2021

Corn Smut (Ustilago Maydis), Kalen Taylor, Nick Volesky, Claudia Nischwitz, Marion Murray

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Corn smut is caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis. Smut rarely occurs in Utah and is not considered economically important for grain production. For home gardeners and small farms, serious smut infections on sweet corn can cause ears to be inedible. U. maydis spreads from plant to plant by wind-borne or water-splashed spores onto silks or through existing wounds. Therefore, keeping corn plants insect- and disease-free reduces the number of entry points for infections. This fact sheet reviews the disease cycle, identification, and management.

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What Is Biochar And How Is It Used?, Marion Murray Jul 2021

What Is Biochar And How Is It Used?, Marion Murray

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Biochar is a charcoal-like product that contains no petroleum. It is made by heating biomass such as herbaceous or woody crop residues, non-salvageable timber, and slash, or animal manure, in a contained system. There are many potential uses for biochar including water treatment, land reclamation, and carbon sequestration. Biochar may also be used as a soil amendment for two purposes – to improve plant health and to store carbon.

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Irrigation System Maintenance, Candace Schaible, Kelly Kopp, Jennie Hoover Jul 2021

Irrigation System Maintenance, Candace Schaible, Kelly Kopp, Jennie Hoover

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Irrigation system maintenance is necessary to ensure the most efficient use of the water that is being applied. Efficient irrigation is important because over two-thirds of the total water used in the average Utah home is applied to the landscape. With the natural drought cycles that occur in Utah and the growing population, efficient water use is critical. These maintenance recommendations will help you evaluate your irrigation system before using it each spring and also throughout the growing season.

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Gusanos Canker, Marion Murray, Celina Wille Jul 2021

Gusanos Canker, Marion Murray, Celina Wille

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Los gusanos canker, también conocidos como gusanos pulgadas, pertenecen al orden Lepidóptera y a la familia Geometridae. Las polillas adultas geométridas tienen cuerpos delgados y alas anteriores relativamente grandes y anchas. Tanto los gusanos canker de otoño, Alsophila pometaria, como los de primavera, Paleacrita vernata, se encuentran en Utah, siendo el gusano canker de otoño el más común.

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