Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Exercise In Sync With Circadian Preference On Migraine Load In Migraineurs, Elias M. Malek, Graham Mcginnis, James Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Migraines are the most common cause of chronic pain. Effective, non-pharmacological strategies to reduce migraine load are needed. Exercise is an effective strategy, but it is unclear how exercise timing and temporal preference (chronotype)factors modulate the laudatory effects of exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercising in-sync or out-of-sync with one’s chronotype on migraine load. Methods: Participants were 7 sedentary individuals who experienced migraines 8+ times per month (age = 34 ± 11 yrs, 167 ± 8 cm, 99 ± 26 kg). Participants were categorized into morning- or evening-types based …

Local Skin Temperature And Local Sweat Rate, Gary W. Mack, Jim D. Cotter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Local skin temperature may be a modulator of sweat gland function but the mechanism is unclear. PURPOSE: To examine the role of local skin temperature in modulating local sweating rate (LSR) using a model of sweat gland activation that produces a moderate, physiologically based sweating response. METHODS: Each subject (n=15) was instrumented with 7 skin temperature probes ( _skin), an esophageal probe (T_core), and a sweat rate capsule (dorsal forearm). A LSR was produced by 30 s of intradermal electrical stimulation (5 mA, 0.2 to 64 Hz) that resulted in release of ACh from the …

Fit (And Healthy) For Duty: Lipid Profiles And Fitness Relationships From Police Officers In A Health And Wellness Program, Robert G. Lockie, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Police work can place officers at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sedentary activities, stress, shift work, sleep loss, reduced physical activity, and poor dietary choices contribute to this risk. Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins [LDL], high-density lipoproteins [HDL], triglycerides) can indicate CVD risk. PURPOSE: To detail the lipid profiles of police officers from a health and wellness program in 2018-2019, and correlate lipid profiles with fitness. METHODS: Archival data for officers from 2 years of the program were analyzed (2018: 169 males, 39 females; 2019: 194 males, 43 females). Bloodwork (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) was collected in a …

Rare Case Of Simultaneous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome And Musculocutaneous Neuropathy In A Baseball Pitcher, Steven C. Liu, Kenneth Vitale

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The thoracic outlet is bounded by the clavicle, first rib, and muscles of the scalene triangle. When a compression within the outlet occurs, it presents as thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). TOS typically develops from the combination of developmental abnormalities, injuries, and physical activities that cause compression of the brachial plexus neurovasculature. This classically manifests as sensory and motor symptoms involving lower trunk (C8-T1) dermatomes and myotomes. The upper trunk and associated peripheral nerves, including musculocutaneous, are typically spared. Case Description: A 22 y.o. male with a history of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and right elbow ulnar decompression a …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level Alters Blood Pressure Responses Induced By Histamine H1- And H2-Receptor Blockade During Dynamic Exercise, Albert A. Lira Jr., Dustin J. Lirazan, Ronaldo U. Meneses, Sung J. Yun, Jong-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epidemiological studies have reported that greater cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with lower blood pressure (BP). Histamine receptor-mediated peripheral vasodilation contributes to postexercise hypotension and lowing exercising BP responses. Previously, our laboratory found that overactive BP responses to exercise were induced by the inability of histamine receptors in individuals with prehypertension. However, it is still unknown that CRF can impact BP responses elicited by the inability of the receptors. Purpose: This study was to assess whether aerobic fitness is effective in lowering excessive BP responses induced by the blockade of histamine receptors. Methods: In twelve male and female subjects (6 …

Do Sex Differences Exist In Critical Power And W’?, Jessica J. Linde, Jessica Collins, Olivia Leach, Megan Sherman, Kiese Mpongo, Jaron Quirante, Jayson R. Gifford

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Among world-class athletes, biological males tend to be faster and stronger than biological females, in part due to differences in body composition, such as lower body fat percentage and increased muscle mass. Critical power (CP) represents the highest intensity that elicits compensable and sustainable disturbances to homeostasis, while W’ is the amount of work and its associated metabolic disturbance that can be tolerated above CP. Together, CP and W’ strongly influence endurance performance. PURPOSE: To determine if sex-based differences in CP and W’ exist when normalizing for lean muscle mass. METHODS: We recruited 20 non-endurance trained individuals (10 female and …

Key Genetic Drivers Of Volitional Physical Activity In The Central Nervous System, Brayden K. Leyva, Timothy M. Moore, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Xia Yang, Aldons J. Lusis, Andrea L. Hevener

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies suggest that physical activity is driven by the Central Nervous System (CNS). PURPOSE: We determined the central genetic drivers of volitional activity in the CNS and identified several molecular mechanisms promoting improvements in metabolism as a consequence of daily exercise. METHODS: Leveraging genetic diversity, we studied 100 strains of sedentary (SED) and exercise-trained (TRN; in cage running wheels) animals of the UCLA hybrid mouse diversity panel (HMDP). Candidate gene identification analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing in three brain regions (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum) were performed. Differential gene analysis was conducted between a cohort of exercise-trained and …

Short-Term Effects Of Exercise On Grip And Pinch Strength, Kristen Lantis, Deanna J. Schmidt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Occupations such as first responders and military may require use of hand and finger muscles after exercise, therefore changes in grip strength (GS) and pinch strength (PS) could affect task performance. While previous studies have shown decreases in GS with load carriage, others have shown increases in GS with other forms of exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine the short-term changes in GS and PS with exercise and load carriage. METHODS: Seven participants to date (5 male, 2 female; mean ± SD of 25.1 ± 4.5 yrs, 176.9 ± 11.9 cm height; 80.6 ± …

Angular Impulse Of The Whole Body During American Football Long Snapping, Janelle J. Kim, Travis J. Peterson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Long snapping is found in American football, and the goal is to have the ball reach the punter as quickly and accurately as possible so they can kick the ball downfield with minimal interference from the opposing team. Little research has been performed on the whole body kinetics of long snapping. PURPOSE: To describe the differences in angular impulse between high school and college athletes during the act of long snapping. METHODS: This study compared high school long snappers (n=5) and college long snappers (n=5). Whole group average age (18.9 ± 1.3 years), years of long snapping experience …

Validity Of B-Mode Ultrasound For Body Composition Assessment In The Field, Nathan Jensen, Conner Dearden, Brett Holmes, Shane Draper, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a common way to assess athlete body composition in many laboratories. While this method provides accurate values for body composition, it is not a feasible option for field work. Identifying an accurate, user friendly alternative to skinfold calipers may allow for accurate assessment of body composition in more applied settings, such as various training and competition venues. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of B-mode ultrasound for body composition assessment by comparing this method to values obtained using ADP. METHODS: To date, 14 actively training runners (≥ 4 hours/week for the last year) have …

Depressive Symptoms Related To Domain-Specific Physical Activity, Ola Iduma, Zachary Zenko

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical activity is positively associated with mental health. Exercise interventions have been shown to be effective for reducing depression. However, less is known about the role of domain-specific physical activity in mental health. PURPOSE: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between physical activity across domains (domestic/household, transportation-related, occupational, leisure-time) and depressive symptoms. METHODS: After obtaining ethical approval, 111 adults (75 men, 35 women, 1 non-binary person; mean age: 36 ± 10 years) completed an online survey. Physical activity in each domain was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with …

A Case Study Comparison Of Lower Extremity Kinematics In Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, Amanda Hernandez, Patricia Vanoosbree, Kristyne Wiegand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) affects up to 35% of runners. Chronic MTSS can negatively affect performance or lead to a cessation of activity. Though biomechanical variables such as hip internal rotation, tibial abduction, and rearfoot eversion are considered potential risk factors for MTSS, the research is equivocal. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this case analysis is to compare lower extremity kinematics of a D3 middle-distance runner with chronic MTSS vs. a matched uninjured runner. METHODS: This case study consists of two female middle-distance runners. Participant one (19 y.o., 1.73 m, 70.3 kg) experienced intermittent MTSS for 4 years. …

Acute Effect Of Dietary Supplementation With Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Blood Pressure Increase During Cold Pressor Test In Prehypertensive Men, Sarah Greenawalt, Albert A. Lira Jr., Kylie J. Morrison, Ronaldo U. Meneses, Christen J. Lutz, Savannah C. Ulhir, Jong-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well documented that prehypertension or hypertension is associated with sympathetic overdrive and loss of parasympathetically mediated cardiac variability. Previous studies demonstrated that increased NO bioavailability reduced central sympathetic output. Despite the fact that grape seed extract (GSE) treatment increases the production of NO and improves endothelial function in prehypertensive males, no studies have assessed the effects of GSE on autonomic balance and autonomic function. PURPOSE: the aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of dietary GSE supplementation on heart rate variability (HRV) and cold pressor test (CPT). METHODS: Six males were recruited in this study. …

Alterations In Musculoskeletal Function And Body Composition In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alvaro Leal Gomez, Stephanie S. Wang, Jodi F. Engelhardt, Monica C. Orosa, Areum K. Jensen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and atypical behaviors. Children with ASD appear to have lower muscular function and low bone mineral density. Recent studies have indicated that adolescents with ASD develop obesity and bone fracture incidence at a higher rate compared to typically developing children (TDC). However, it is unclear if such weakened musculoskeletal function is a consequence of neurological disorder state in ASD or if it is due to the limited opportunity for physical activity and exercise in the ASD population.

PURPOSE: To determine whether regional differences in body composition affect …

Comparison Of Whole-Body Phase Angle Assessed By Supine And Vertical Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzers, Ann L. Gibson, Chloe Clark, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Jonathan M. Houck, Holly Hall, Avadney Gerard-Osbourne

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Several bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) analyzers such as the RJL Quantum Legacy and the InBody 770 measure phase angle (PhA, marker of cellular health) in addition to estimating body fat percentage (%BF). These analyzers require the participant to be supine or vertical, respectively, during the assessment and use different electrode configurations, both of which may affect the measurement of PhA and %BF. PURPOSE: Investigate the difference and agreement between PhA and %BF assessed by the RJL and InBody analyzers. METHODS: Thirty-eight young (18-38 yrs.), hydrated (urine specific gravity ≤1.020) adults (16 men; 22 women) stood for 15 minutes …

Evaluating The Effect Of Electrode Placement On Phase Angle And Body Fat Percentage Via The Rjl Quantum Legacy Device, Avadney Gerard-Osbourne, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Jonathan M. Houck, Holly Hall, Chloe Clark, Ann Gibson, Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

To obtain the highest values for resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) during bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) it’s recommended to measure on the right side of the body. Less is known if this relationship is true for phase angle (PhA) or when these variables are measured with the RJL Quantum Legacy device. PURPOSE: Evaluate the reliability, difference, and bias between bioelectrical impedance variables assessed on the left and right side of the body by the RJL Quantum Legacy device. METHODS: Thirty-eight young (18-38 yrs.), hydrated (urine specific gravity ≤1.020), men (n=16) and women (n=22) laid in the supine position …

Validity Of Garmin Devices While Ascending And Descending Flights Of Stairs, Alan V. Garcia, Melissa Strehlow, Dustin W. Davis, Javen Miguel, Jeff Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The use of wearable technology to track physical activity is popular among fitness enthusiasts and the general public. There are many brands that offer a variety of devices. One popular brand is Garmin. The validity of Garmin’s wrist-worn devices in measuring step counts in various settings, such as walking up and down a staircase, is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine if two devices, the Garmin fēnix 5 and Garmin vívosmart HR record valid measures of step count when ascending and descending flights of stairs at three different speeds. METHODS: Eight participants (n=8) were tested …

Covid-19 Lockdowns: Exacerbating The Silent Pandemic, David Gomez, Eric V. Neufeld, James W. Hicks, Brett A. Dolezal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1256-1260, 2021. The global medical community has exalted the vaccine as the champion solution to end the violent toll inflicted by COVID-19. While the role of vaccines cannot be undervalued in wide-scale intervention, presenting them as the sole solution exonerates individuals of the importance of taking ownership over their lifestyle choices. This editorial focuses on the importance of physical activity as a crucial component of COVID-19 prevention programs and a long-term investment against chronic diseases.

Quality Of Knee Strengthening Exercises Performed At Home Deteriorates After One Week, Hayden E. Dennis, Hyunwook Lee, Ulrike Mitchell, M. K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Current clinical practice guidelines for physical therapy (PT) post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recommend supervised postoperative PT; this recommendation is based on research demonstrating that more direct supervision from a physical therapist yields improved mobility, balance, and overall quality-of-life, relative to less supervision. Supervised post-operative PT is not always feasible due to non-availability of a licensed physical therapist, lack of health insurance, and/or other factors. Consequently, patients often perform post-TKA PT exercises without supervision. PURPOSE: To compare the quality (determined via the ability to replicate lower extremity kinematics recommended by a physical therapist) of post-TKA PT exercises in healthy older …

Electromyographic Analysis Of The Vastus Lateralis And Vastus Medialis Muscles Among Different Crank Lengths In Cycling, Jackson C. Crovella, Karoline M. Wucherer, Joy He, Christiane R. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Crank length (CL) on a bicycle may influence the total activation and period of activation of the leg muscles. Differences in total muscular activation suggest that CL may alter muscular fatigue. Differences in muscular onset and offset suggest that CL may shift muscle activation periods across a 360 degree crank cycle. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of four different CL (155, 165, 175, and 185 mm) on muscular activation of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM). METHODS: Nine non-cyclists (6M, 3F, aged 18-55) participated in a single blind randomized cross-over experiment with four CL. Delsys EMG sensors …

Effects Of An Achilles Speedbridge On Ankle Joint Motion: A Case Study, Alfredo Cervantes, Kevin Valenzuela, Justin Demoss, Anaya Blade, Hunter J. Bennett

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Over 80% of Achilles injuries are related to individuals who participate in sports or recreational activities that involve either jumping or running. Current research does not provide insight into the longitudinal recovery effects following an Achilles repair surgery. PURPOSE: To evaluate the longitudinal effects of lower extremity kinematics following an Achilles Speedbridge surgery. METHODS: A 35-year-old male (1.85m, 86.4kg) presented right Achilles insertional tendinitis and a large retrocalcaneal bone spur which had fractured and was partially embedded in the Achilles tendon. One week prior to operation the subject completed over ground walking trials at 1.0 m/s velocity. Following …

Live Long And Prosper: A Systematic Review Of Equipment-Based Training Programs For Older Adults., Charisma Byrd, Patric Lee, Katie Lopez, Sarah Pearce, Landen Wong, Alexandra Auslander, Zakkoyya Lewis, Lara Killick

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Within the US, people are experiencing longer life expectancy, yet these extended lifespans have not necessarily translated into years living in good health. Degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia are particularly prevalent amongst older adults. Research shows that regular resistance exercise carries distinct preventive health benefits to combat these conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review into the effectiveness of equipment-based resistance training programs for older adults (65+ years) on physical function. METHODS: Five databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, and Sports Medicine & Education Index) …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Walking, Nathaniel Bodell, Bryson Carrier, Damian Gil, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Walking is the most widely used form of exercise. Advancements in wearable technology allow for the estimation of steps and energy consumption. Polar is a leading brand in wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are commonly used optical sensors for activity tracking. It is unknown as to whether these devices provide a valid estimate of average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while walking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and Verity Sense during self-paced walking. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; 23.5 ± 6.48 years) participated …

Time Spent Jogging/Running And Telomere Length In 5805 U.S. Adults, Christina M. Blackmon, Larry A. Tucker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A scientifically accepted measure of biological aging is the length of telomeres. Telomeres shorten with each year of life. Although age is the primary driving force, lifestyle can also have a substantial effect on telomere length. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which minutes spent jogging or running per week accounted for differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a randomly selected sample of 5805 U.S. adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and findings are generalizable to the U.S. adult population. Time …

Effect Of Moderate Intensity Cycle Ergometer Exercise In Normoxia And Hypobaric Hypoxia On Markers Related To Autophagy – A Pilot Study, Quint N. Berkemeier, Zachary Mckenna, Zachary Fennel, Roberto Nava, Christine Mermier, Ann L. Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Autophagy is a process by which damaged and dysfunctional cellular components are transported to and decomposed in the lysosome, which is integral for maintenance of healthy cellular function and homeostasis. Among many health benefits, exercise is shown to catalyze autophagy. However, limited research exists on the effect of high-altitude exercise (>2500m) on autophagy in humans. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of exercise in hypoxia (HYP) on autophagic markers compared to intensity-matched exercise in normoxia (NORM). METHODS: 8 healthy and active males (23.3 ± 2.4 yrs, 75.2 ± 10.7 kg, 49.6 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) completed 1hr of moderate intensity cycling …

Acute Effects Of Swimming And Running On Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Concentration, Stephanie Bangerter, Martha Gill, Madison J. Rhoades, Alexandra M. Hay, Seth A. Ferguson, Hyunwook Lee, Ronald L. Hager, Gary J. Measom, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Most older adults are thought to have some level of knee joint articular cartilage degradation or knee osteoarthritis, a debilitating and incurable disease. Physical exercise is known to benefit joint health for older adults, yet it is unclear how different modes of exercise affect knee joint articular cartilage. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a biomarker that is thought to reflect articular cartilage metabolism. PURPOSE: To compare effects of running and swimming on serum COMP concentration in older adults. METHODS: Serum COMP concentration was measured before and after physical exercise for two groups of older adults: runners and …

The Effect Of Heat Therapy On Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Content, Boston J. Andersen, Jamie P. Kaluhiokalani, Brandon S. Pfeifer, Jack B. Mehling, Robert D. Hyldahl

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Satellite cells are essential for proper muscle repair and adaptation. Studies have shown that exercise can lead to an increase in satellite cell content within muscle tissue. However, it is unknown whether other environmental stressors, such as heat, are also capable of augmenting the satellite cell pool. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in satellite cell content before and after 6-weeks (3x/wk) of skeletal muscle heat therapy (HT) or single leg knee extension exercise training (EX). Additionally, a sham heat treatment was used as a control. We hypothesized that HT would result in an increase …

Short-Duration Massage Does Not Affect Grip Strength In Rock Climbers, Tayler Ah Nee, Christopher Berger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Handgrip strength (HGS) is now viewed as an index of overall health and may even be prognostic for conditions that include cancer and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, it is important to understand influences on HGS, one of which may be forearm massage. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a bout of short-duration massage would augment HGS in rock climbers, a population for which massage is commonly employed and HGS is acutely important. METHODS: Subjects included fifteen female (age 28 ± 7 yr; height 165.8 ± 5.5 cm; weight 63.1 ± 11.7 kg) and fifteen …

The Effect Of Percussive Massage On Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation And Thigh Fat Thickness, Mohadeseh Ahmadi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Nutrition and exercise are well-established modalities for the induction of fat loss. However, it is important that alternative methods of fat reduction be investigated whether as supplementary treatments to traditional methods or stand-alone interventions, as a significant portion of the population is unable to participate in exercise training or undergo effective diet programs. Some studies have shown that daily whole-body massage can limit body fat deposition in infants, as well as young and middle-aged adults. While most studies have investigated the effects of traditional massage modalities in which massage is applied by a massage therapist using touch to manipulate the …

Combine Anthropometric And Physical Performance Predictors Of Professional Basketball Rookie Free Throw Accuracy, Kristine R. Wilson, Anthony B. Ciccone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is suggested that stronger basketball players and players with larger hands have poorer free throw percentages. However, research suggests stronger individuals have better force steadiness. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between free throw percentage and anthropometric and physical performance metrics of National Basketball Association (NBA) players. METHODS: Using nbastatR, NBA draft combine data from 2000 to 2020 and respective NBA rookie season player data was scraped. Players who attempted at least 30 free throws were analyzed. Free throw percentage was predicted by the three performance variables and five anthropometric variables: …