Digital Commons Network^™

Buchenwald Physician's Note

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Half-sheet with typewritten information and blue signature.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A document from the camp physician at Buchenwald, confirming the casualties from different diseases in the camp during the period of December 19, 1943 to December 25, 1943, including diptheria, tuberculosis, etc.

Christmas Postcard From Copenhagen To Aarhus, Denmark

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A tan postcard with black printed postcard lines. Includes a message and address written in black ink, a pasted green stamp and several black hand stamps.Back: An illustration of white flowers, gardenia florida.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Postcard including a Christmas Seal and King Christian X stamp, mailed Christmas 1943.

Denmark Christmas With Seal & King Christian X Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Colored illustration of a winter scene, including several trees and a bridge.Back: Tan postcard with black printed postcard lines. Includes writing in black ink, blue and purple postage stamps and several black hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: This 1943 Christmas card was written less than two months after the Danes ferried the Jews of Denmark to safety in Sweden.

Envelope Addressed To Philipp Bouhler

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Back: White envelope with small crown seal.Front: Handwritten address, three postage stamps, and several black hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Philipp Bouhler (1899-1945) was a Nazi leader who was both a Reichsleiter and Chief of the Chancellery of the Fuhrer of the Nazi Party. He was also the SS officer responsible for the Aktion T4 euthanasia program, developed with Karl Brandt, that murdered more than 70,000 disabled German adults and children. Arrested with his wife in 1945, he committed suicide. The knowledge gained from Aktion T4 was eventually applied to the industrialized murder of other groups of …

Marshal Tito

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A black and white photo of Jozef Tito in uniform looking down. There is an American flag to the right and a British flag to the right. Tito stands beneath a framed photo of another military leader.Back: A pasted caption form International News Photo, as well as a barcode.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A 1943 Press Photograph of Marshal Tito, Leader of the Yugoslav Partisans. In the spring of 1941, Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia, dismembering the federation and imposing a fascist Ustache government on Croatia. Germans imposed a military occupation force on Serbia. A revolt broke out …

Zivilarbeiter Identity Document Of A Forced Laborer In Germany

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Recto: black and white photograph in top right with purple hand stamps at bottom left and top right corner of photograph, fingerprints in black ink below photograph.Verso: four column form with top line entered by typewriter, second line handwritten.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

ID card with identifying photograph and fingerprints of a forced labor civilian - zivilarbeiter - originally from the Ukraine - Anatolij Larin. Larin was employed as an automobile mechanic in Germany. He was born 01/16/1917 in Szalowka, Ukraine.

Swiss Airmail To Tel Aviv

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Blue envelope addressed to Hanna Kornfeld. Includes white censor tape and return address on back flap.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Swiss airmail to Tel Aviv with censor marking.

Letter By Gisi Fleischmann, Leader Of The Bratislava Working Group

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typed letter on onion skin paper from Bratislava, 2.XII.1943

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A leading member of the underground Working Group in Bratislava, Gisi Fleischmann maintained a secret underground correspondence - written in code - with several Jewish organizations in the free world. She would give updates on the condition of the European Jews in Slovakia, and attempt to secure aid for refugees and locals in need. The major recipients of this coded correspondence were Richard Lichtheim of the Jewish Agency in Istanbul and Nathan Schwalb of HeChalutz in Switzerland, but she would as well be in contact …

Ferramonti Concentration Camp Cover From Jewish Inmate Richard Mayer, Air Mail, Prisoner Of War Post Via Sofia-Istanbul To Carlo Weiskopf In Jerusalem

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Envelope addressed to "Carlo Weiskopf". Front features a blue Italian postal stamp covered in a rectangular, purple ink stamp with diagonal lines in it. On the front there is another rectangular, purple ink stamp and another circular purple ink stamp. The back has brown censor tape and a circular, black ink stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Ferramonti, near Tarsia in Southern Italy, was the largest Italian concentration camp. Opened in June 1940, Ferramonti held almost 4000 Jewish prisoners, most of whom were refugees from Germany. It was neither a slave labor camp nor an extermination center along the …

Censored Envelope From Denmark To Germany

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: A white envelope with writing in blue cursive ink with censor tape on the left side. Includes a red postage stamp as well as two black and two red hand stamps.Back: Includes a return address written in blue ink, several printed letters and censor tape.

German Cover Commemorating 20th Anniversary Of Munich "Putsch" With Inscription "Und Ihr Habt Doch Gesiegt" [And Despite All, You Were Victorious]

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Green envelope, red postage stamp with swastika in top right corner, addressed to “Herrn Dietrich Ott.”

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:A member of the Hitler Youth, dressed in uniform, is holding the flag as though to rally the party and the troops. The postmark was used only for November 9, 1943 and reads “Munich, Capital of the Movement.”

Aleph Zadik Aleph B'Nai B'Rith Youth Organization National War Service Convention By Mail

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White program with text in blue ink. Title printed between illustrations of menorahs made from Stars of David. Includes a photograph of a young man speaking into a microphone at a podium, with various greeting cards and ballots on either side of him coming out through a mailbox in upper left corner. Lines of mailmen spew from the mailbox.

Kenyon Alumni Bulletin - November 1943

Kenyon College Alumni Bulletin

No abstract provided.

Envelope Commemorating 25 Years Of Danish Aviation

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: White envelope with a large printed postage stamp and four identical pasted postage stamps. Includes an address typewritten in blue ink, four hand stamps, and a white and red sticker.Back: Black and blue hand stamps.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Cover is dated during the month that the Danes were able to help spirit the Jews to safety in Sweden.

Envelope With Stamp Commemorating 25 Years Of Danish Aviation

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A white envelope with a typewritten address, red postage stamp and black hand stamp.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Cover is dated during the month that the Danes were able to help spirit the Jews to safety in Sweden.

Censored Formulary Letter From Prisoner At Stutthof Concentration Camp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan paper, folded in half. One side has the addressee written on black dotted line in pencil. Red postage stamp of Hitler's profile in right corner with Stutthof circular stamp on top of it. Other half has the prisoner's name,number and block filled in on black dotted line next to some German text, with something written in German in pencil written underneath. Back: Top has a block of German printed text in black with the title: "Auszug aus der Lagerordnung". The date is stamped in purple above, along with a pencil 9. The message is written in pencil in …

French Concentration Camp De Noe, Postcard Sent To Sweden With Chemical Censor Mark

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: handwritten message fills entire page, blue censor mark runs diagonally; Back: handwriting continues, ‘CARTE POSTALE’ printed in red with several handstamps and blue diagonal censor mark.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: De Noe was originally intended to receive Spanish refugees fleeing Franco’s Fascist regime. By 1941 it was a hospital camp, but as well housed over 700 Jews. In August and September of 1942, 530 Jews formed parts of four convoys representing 4,000 Jews which left Drancy for Auschwitz. By the end of 1943 the elderly and incurable were evacuated to various hospitals. Postcard pre-printed with stamp of …

Gestapo Chief Heinrich Muller Signed Ss Arrest Document

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

A green document with typed and printed information about Roman Gardala, a Catholic buildling master, signed by a Gestapo officer at the bottom. Gestapo Chief Henrich Müller ordered the Secret State Police to arrest Gardala for the unauthorized possession of fire arms.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Document signed by a Gestapo officer in pencil. In German, from Secret State Police, Krakow, dated October 23, 1943. Headed “Protective Custody Instruction,” papers for Roman Gardala, a Catholic building master, born June 2, 1895 in Tarnow, Poland. He was held for unauthorized possession of firearms on orders from Heinrich "Gestapo" Müller, …

11th Ss Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland Feldpost Letter Sent To Family Member (Mother)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

a: Blue Envelope with two circular ink stamps, one black, one purple with handwriting on front: "Frau Elise Müller". b: Brown letter handwritten in black with drawing of a man in uniform holding a bouquet of flowers.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The author of this letter is a member of a Norwegian Voluntary Unit in the German army during WWII: 15 kompanie SS-Panzer Grenadier Rgt. “NORGE,” a Waffen-SS division of Scandinavian volunteers which fought on the Eastern front during WWII.

Envelope From The Ss And Politzeifuehrer Weissruthenien (Belarus)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Green envelope with handwritten address to Herr and Frau Klotz with return address from F. Glager on back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Handstamped envelope from the SS and Politzeifuehrer Weissruthenien (Belarus) to Breslau. This office was renamed from Sonderkommando 1B, Part of the Einsatzgruppe A operating in Russia.

Concentration Camp Transport Preparation Letter

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Typed letter on 'Reichsbahndireftion Berlin' letterhead; the name 'Hirsch, Dorothea' is underlined in red pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

A document to the SS Economic Administration Department Group D, responsible for concentration camps, in Oranienburg from the Deutsche Reichbahn Administration Berlin, concerning a bureaucratic error regarding the list entry of a Jewish female prisoner, requesting to be informed if the camp has two inmates with the same name Dorothea Hirsch. The Reichbahn is sending along eight transportation lists in duplicate, requesting to be notified ahead of time in order to make arrangements with each respective concentration camp.

Letter On Dachau Inmate Stationery

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Letter written in black ink on Dachau lined stationery. Includes two messages from different dates.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Translation of two messages written on different dates:

10 October 1943 Dear Jadcia: I beg your pardon for not writing to you sooner. I did not forget you. Because of your coming birthday I am sending you my best wishes, I believe that the love in my heart to my people is more important than writing and wish for you that all of your wishes come true. With hearty greetings to your parents to you and ? W. Rabikowski …

Feldpost From Posen

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

a: Envelope: Circular 'Posen' handstamp at top right as well as stamp of Posen town hall. Letter: Handwritten in blue ink on lined paper

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Heinrich Himmler gave an infamous speech on October 4, 1943 in the town hall of Posen (Paznan in Polish) before 92 SS officers and group leaders. He extols the murder and ultimate extermination of the Jews and the Jewish race. Enjoining the men gathered in the room to not speak of this genocide, Himmler nevertheless sees exterminating the Jews as the Nazis' necessary historical mission, with no place for mercy …

Sonderausweis Issued To Obersturmbannfuhrer Hoppner

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Permit:Front: Tan sheet with capital Ds in either corner. Title: "Gültig nur bei Dienstreissen: Sonderausweis." Two hole punched. Back: Printed text.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A SONDERAUSWEIS or Special Travel Permit, issued to Obersturmbannführer Rolf-Heinz Höppner who accompanied the transport of 765 Slovenian Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp on 3 October 1943. Signature in ink of Obsersturmbannführer August Becker, at the time still holding the rank of Obersturmführer (he was promoted in 1944).

Letter About The Transport Of 765 Slovenian Jews To Auschwitz, Signed By Adolf Eichmann

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Letter: Green "Geheim!" stamp at top. Two grid stamps and several markings and hand stamps. Signature at bottom right

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A very rare document about the transport of 765 Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau, sent by the commander of the SD in the Steiermark (August Becker) to Adolf Eichmann in the RSHA IV B in Berlin. Eichmann confirmed the receipt of the letter with an "Eingangsstempel" (Notice of Arrival) and signed it. The letter was addressed directly to him. At the bottom left of the letter it says that the letter is to be presented to Heinrich …

Envelope Addressed To Philipp Bouhler

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Back: White envelope with a typewritten address, five wax seals, and one black stamp.Front: Includes a typewritten address and four stamps of Hitler.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Philipp Bouhler (1899-1945) was a Nazi leader who was both a Reichsleiter and Chief of the Chancellery of the Fuhrer of the Nazi Party. He was also the SS officer responsible for the Aktion T4 euthanasia program, developed with Karl Brandt, that murdered more than 70,000 disabled German adults and children. Arrested with his wife in 1945, he committed suicide. The knowledge gained from Aktion T4 was eventually applied to the …

Postcard From Denmark Written On Rosh Hashana

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with black printed postcard lines and writing in pencil. Includes two black hand stamps.Back: Message written in pencil.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Letter written a day after Jews had been warned about the German intention to begin deportations from Denmark. With Sweden agreeing to grant asylum to the Jews of Denmark, the Danes began the rescue effort to smuggle them out.

Croatian Ustasha Concentration Camp Work Permit

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

White slip with printed black text with additional writing in purple pencil. Includes a purple hand stamp and a signature in black ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Partly printed and handwritten, issued by the Nazi-aligned Croatian government. Croatia Mitrovica, 9/28/1943. The document permits a detainee to work outside the camp for a period of 15 days and is signed by the camp administrator. It concludes: "ZA DOM SPREMNI!" ["FOR THE HOMELAND - READY!"] These camps were used for the murder of thousands of Serbs, Jews, Roma, and Muslims for religious and political reasons.

Dr. Alois Geiger Sentenced To Death By Roland Freisler

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front:Tan page with large title printed in black and typewritten message. Includes brown tape, as well as markings in red and blue, and a purple signature on the bottom left.Interior: Typewritten pages taped in the middle.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Roland Freisler was a notorious Nazi lawyer and judge. He was State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the People's Court, which was set up outside constitutional authority. This court handled cases of political action against Hitler's regime by conducting a series of show trials. On September 8, 1943, Freisler sentenced Dr. Alois Geiger …

Buchenwald Concentration Camp Formular Letter From Prisoner Adolf Sildberger

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Two columned paper, front and back with blue handwriting on printed, dotted, red lines. On the front to the top left side of the right column is printed in red "Konzentrationslager Weimar-Buchenwald" to the right of this is handwritten in blue "5/IX.1943' on a printed, dotted, red line.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:Sildberger correspondence from Buchenwald has been included in Lordahl’s work on concentration camp mail. It appears that Mr. Sildberger, born in 1904, was a Czechoslovakian citizen from Pribyslavice who was rescued from Buchenwald at war’s end.