Digital Commons Network^™

Censored Registered Bank Cover From Oslo, Norway To The American Friends (Quaker) Service Committee In Berlin

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Envelope addressed to “American Friends Service Committee,” “Rekommandert” stamped in red ink near top. Back includes black and red seal marked “DEN NORSKE CREDITBANKE – OSLO,” image of building near top.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

One of the faith-based NGOs operating in Europe helping Jews, the American Friends (Quaker) Service Committee was founded in 1917 to provide Quakers the opportunity to serve rather than take up arms in WWI. The AFSC was instrumental in assisting refugees escape from Germany, France, and other countries. It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1948.

This cover arrived in Berlin on …

Kenyon Collegian - December 11, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - December 4, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

German Propaganda Justifying Invasion Of Poland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Brown leaflet titled, "Das Totenfeld der Volksdeutschen in Polen."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

An imprint by the German authorities justifying the invasion of Poland. The leaflet, in German, reports on the alleged systematic massacre of the of ethnic Germans and claims that the Poles had killed 58,000 innocent civilians since the end of World War I. In small part "... Even by 1931, one million Germans had been displaced from their homes by the Poles. The German-Polish pact of January 1934 did not even bring the expected changes, but instead... more Polish rabble-rousing and terror in connection with …

Hika - December 1939

HIKA Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.

Postcard From Soviet Occupied Lvov To Basel, Switzerland

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Black printed postcard lines with typewritten address. Includes a blue postal stamp, black hand stamp and pencil writing.Back: Typewritten message with handwritten signature.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: The city of Lvov in southeastern Poland was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1939, under the terms of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact of August 1939. There were over 200,000 Jews in Lvov in September 1939, many of whom were refugees from German-occupied Poland. The Germans subsequently occupied Lvov after the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941.

Kenyon Collegian - November 27, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Postcard From Deborah Lifchitz

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with printed blue postcard lines, including a message and address written in purple ink. Above the message are five postage stamps of varying colors, as well as several hand stamps.Back: Message continues in purple ink.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Deborah (Deba) Lifchitz was a French Jewish linguist, a student of Oriental languages, and expert on the Semitic languages of Ethiopia. She worked at the Musée de l’Homme in Paris in the Africa Department. She authored important works on the Ethiopian language. Born in Russia, Deba obtained French citizenship in 1937. With the Nazi occupation of …

Kenyon Collegian - November 21, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - November 14, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - November 13, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Identification Card For Irene Erdheim, A Jewish Woman From Vienna, Austria

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Interior: black and white photograph on left side with green 'Deutsches Reich 50' postage stamp below, 'CARTE D'IDENTITE' in bold with several handwritten lines below on right

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Identification card for Irene Erdheim, who had worked at the German post office in Vienna, was able to leave Vienna as a Jewish refugee for Palestine by 1940.

[Related items: 2016.1.02, 2016.1.04]

Kenyon Collegian - November 6, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Hika - November 1939

HIKA Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - October 30, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - October 23, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Postcard From A Jewish Refugee In Germany Trapped In France En Route To England

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Tan postcard with neat blue ink cursive script vertically across the page. Some water damage on the lower left side. Back: Printed red postcard lines. Continuation of message in blue cursive ink on left side. The right side includes the address written in blue and black ink on the printed lines. Printed red stamp of a woman in classical garments holding a torch in the upper righthand corner. Black stamps across the top of the page.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Postcard sent to Dr. Martin Nathan in Tel Aviv, Palestine. Alice describes her situation calmly, with a …

Kenyon Collegian - October 13, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - October 6, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Hika - October 1939

HIKA Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - September 29, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Kenyon Collegian - September 22, 1939

The Kenyon Collegian

No abstract provided.

Refugees On Deck Of S.S. Atratto

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Many men on deck of the Atratto. Back: Associated Press release attached.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Associated Press release attached to wire photo verso: "From London. 200 ton steamer arrested off Palestine with 400 refugees aboard after a month at sea. With 401 Men, women and children huddled on the upper deck with cattle and poultry, the Greek-manned Panama steamer Atratto was arrested inside territorial waters off Jaffa, Palestine, on July 17, by the Minesweeper H.M.S. Sutton. She was escorted into Haiffa where the captain and cr[ew] are awaiting trial for attempting to smuggle refugees into Palestine. …

Ss Identification Card With Himmler Hand Stamp

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Yellow card with sepia photograph, titled "Schutzftaffel der N.S.D.A.P." with Himmler handstamp on back.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

1939 SS ID or Ausweis to SS Mann Johann Walter. He was born in 1897. Ink stamped Himmler signature. Yellow stamp at bottom indicating dues were paid for July/September 1939. His picture is on opposite side and stamped. His number of the SS Ausweis is 235210.

Reichsparteitag (National Party Convention) Postcard

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Red background with ‘REICHSPARTEI-TAG, NURNBERG, 2-11.SEPTEMBER’ below circular image of woman with child, 1939 at left; Back: blank postcard lines, printed stamp of Hitler at top right corner.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Also known as the Nuremberg Rally, the annual rally of the Nazi Party in Germany immortalized by Leni Riefenstahl in several films including Triumph of the Will, filmed at the 1934 event. The 1939 rally, named the “Rally of Peace,” was cancelled due to Germany’s assault on Poland, September 1, 1939, which began World War II. It was to occur on September 2. Thus …

Tarnow, Poland Postcard Feldpost To Lindau, Germany

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: 'Tarnow. UI. Krakowska' black and white photograph of a street scene. Includes a trolley, several buildings and people.Back: White postcard with black printed postcard lines. Includes writing in pencil and a black FeldPost hand stamp.

"Angaben Über Die Wohnung" (An Apartment Is Entjudet) Referring To Jewish Removal From Apartment

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Brown half-sheet filled with printed charts and typewritten and handwritten information titled, "Angaben über die Wohnung."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Document attesting to the fact that a Jewish family had been cleared from their apartment. The home is now "entjudet," meaning that it has been cleared of Jews and their belongings. Jewish homes would routinely be confiscated by the Nazis and given to a German family or used by the military. The Jewish inhabitants would be removed to ghettos or deported to concentration camps. The concept "entjudet" went through a semantic evolution, the term becoming increasingly more sinister …

Copy Of Letter From Adolf Hitler To Reichsleiter Bouhler And Dr. Med. Brandt (Copy From Ushmm)

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Copy on printed paper of letter. Nazi insignia in upper left corner of the letter with Hitler's name printed. Date in upper righthand corner. Message typewritten with Hitler's signature beneath it. Writing below in black ink. The letter states that "Reichsleiter Bougler [sic] and Dr. med. Brandt are charged with the responsibility to broaden the authority of certain doctors to the extend that (persons) suffering from illnesses judged to be incurable may, after a humane, most careful assessment of their condition to be granted a mercy death. Adolf Hitler."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

The letter states that …

Rare Late-Issue "Nansen" Passport With Visa Signed By Aristides De Sousa Mendes For Woman Fleeing France For Safety

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

‘FRANCE PASSEPORT NANSEN’ on cover; orange with green stripes at top left and lower right of cover; photograph on page 3; pages 16-17 blank; accordion fold

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Valentine Kurow was a 34-year-old Jewish woman originally from the seaport town of Odessa in Russia. She had fled Russia with her mother just after the Revolution in 1917 and the ensuing civil war. She was apparently an opera singer from information obtained on a Brussels, Belgium work permit she had completed in 1939. She cited impresario Jean van Glabbeke of the Théatre Royal de la Monnaie in …

Nazi Telegram Wedding Announcement

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: An illustration of Hitler giving the Nazi salute during a parade.Interior: Typewritten text in German.Back: An illustration of the Nazi eagle and swastika with red text reading, "Deutsche Reichspost."

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Telegram of a wedding greeting issued in Kassel, Germany just two weeks before the advent of World War II. The painting shows Hitler saluting the parade of soldiers at a Nuremberg rally. On the back is a Nazi eagle with the swastika along with the text "Deutsche Reichspost" or German postal service.