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Envelope Sent By International Brigade In Lerida To Italy

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Four stamps, two in right corner, two on bottom left corner facing horizontally. All are purple with image of Isabella I of Catille, worth 40 cts. One circular black stamp over each grouping of two. Address handwritten in black ink. A "Censura Militar" stamp in blue on the left side. Back: Black circular stamp on rightside. Sent to the same correspondent as 2014.1.291

Spanish Civil War Envelope : International Brigades To Italy

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Front: Two identical purple stamps with image of Isabella I of Castille in right corner, each 40 cts. Has a circular purple stamp over it. Two other purple stamps, one faded oval stamp and one square censorship stamp. Address handwritten in black ink. Back: Black circular stamp on right side. Flap cut off. Sent to the same correspondent as 2014.1.292

J-Stamped Reisepass For Ernestine Aigner

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

"Brown booklet titled, ""Deutsches Reich, Reisepass."" Includes photograph on page 2 of 32 pages, no marks on pages 14-31, back cover torn.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

It is assumed that Ernestine travelled to Italy accompanied by her parents or relatives, fleeing Nazi persecution that reached a crescendo with the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. Her temporary entrance visa indicated that she would depart from Italy via Trieste, and her British consular visa - issued in Rome - allowed her to travel to British Mandatory Palestine.

It seems counter-intuitive that Ernestine - and Jews in general - would for …