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Lack Of “Purposefulness” & “Flagrancy” Or Simply Turning A Blind Eye To The Current State Of Affairs?: The Need For Statistical Data, Renei Caballes

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Comment argues that the Court misapplied the attenuation doctrine in Strieff, specifically in its application and interpretation of the language “purposeful and flagrant” and explores the possible implications of this decision. First, Section I explains the Fourth Amendment and the basic principles of law regarding searches and seizures, including the exclusionary rule and attenuation doctrine. Then, Section II examines the circuit court split prior to Utah v. Strieff and how each circuit interpreted the language “purposeful and flagrant.” Finally, Section III analyzes the issues with the Supreme Court’s interpretation of “purposeful and flagrant” in Utah v. Strieff and …

A Job For Congress: Medical Marijuana Patients’ Fight For Second Amendment Rights, Kenneth Seligson

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Note begins with Part I section (A), describing the administrative rule and factual background, leading up to the suit in Wilson v. Lynch. Part I section (B) explains the arguments made at the U.S. District Court in Nevada and how the case progressed from the district court to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Then, Part I section (C) analyzes the Ninth Circuit’s application of the two-step test for Second Amendment challenges established in Chovan.

After evaluating the application of the two-step test in Wilson v. Lynch, Part II section (A) reviews the history of cannabis …

Reyes V. Lewis: A Missed Opportunity For Minors And Miranda, Jessica Bennett

Golden Gate University Law Review

The controversial debate—whether minors understand the complexity of Miranda rights—has prevented lawmakers from producing laws that assist minors in comprehending these warnings. As a protected class, minors should be provided with extra counseling if they are faced with criminal charges in order to save judicial resources and help keep innocent minors out of the criminal justice system. A law mandating that minors consult with a pro tem attorney prior to questioning could reduce the number of cases awaiting adjudication, relieve the court of having to investigate whether the minor was coerced, threatened, intimidated, tricked, or falsely promised, and would create …

Introduction, Sidney R. Thomas

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Judges Of The Ninth Circuit

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

California’S “Yes Means Yes” Standard: A Starting Point For College Sexual Assault Policy Reform, Elizabeth Youngberg

Golden Gate University Law Review

Section I will discuss the background on colleges and their responsibility to address sexual misconduct on their campuses. This begins with a discussion regarding the relationship colleges share with their students and the government. Next, the background will discuss the federal laws that govern colleges and how they are expected to address campus sexual misconduct, including the Clery Act, Title IX as interpreted and defined by the Dear Colleague Letter of 2011, the Campus SaVE Act, and the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. Finally, this section concludes by reviewing California laws addressing campus sexual misconduct, including the California …

Hackers Made Me Lose My Job!: Health Data Privacy And Its Potentially Devastating Effect On The Lgbtq Population, Alex Lemberg

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Comment shows that because of an increasing rate and severity of data breaches, insufficient legal recourse for affected individuals, and lack of incentives for healthcare companies to strengthen their data security systems, leaked healthcare data will cause the substantive due process right of privacy of LGBTQ individuals to be disenfranchised. Because sexual orientation and gender identity are unprotected by heightened scrutiny under federal due process and equal protection jurisprudence, additional protections must be created for LGBTQ people. These protections should include a new legal right in tort under the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), increase …

Life As A Civil Rights Lawyer In The San Francisco Bay Area, John L. Burris

Golden Gate University Law Review

As a civil rights lawyer for almost 40 years, I have represented over 1,000 victims of police misconduct, thousands in class action employment and toxic tort cases, defendants in many serious criminal cases, and an array of high-profile public figures and professional athletes. During the course of this article, I will write about a selection of cases that are most meaningful and impactful to me. This article also addresses the development of my high-profile status related to my involvement with cases of public interest.

The Company I Keep, Laurel Beeler

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Golden Gate University School Of Law: A Bridge To The Profession In The Heart Of San Francisco, Rachel A. Van Cleave

Golden Gate University Law Review

An over 115-year San Francisco institution devoted to opening legal education and the profession to people of diverse backgrounds and experiences, Golden Gate University School of Law (GGU Law) has been a cornerstone of the Bay Area legal community. GGU Law’s mission, graduates, and academic leaders have played an integral role to the fabric of the San Francisco Bay Area legal community and that has shaped a progressive use of the law that seeks to protect the rights of those who otherwise lack a strong political or legal voice. These contributions continue to reverberate throughout California and beyond. This essay …

Preface, Alex Lemberg, Mary Loung

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

State And Federal Powers Clash Over Medical Marijuana In United States V. Mcintosh, Cara E. Alsterberg

Golden Gate University Law Review

The unanimous opinion in United States v. McIntosh held that a spending rider approved by Congress in 2014 and 2015 prohibits the United States Department of Justice (the Department) from prosecuting marijuana suppliers who fully comply with state laws allowing the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. The Department argued that the rider only prohibits litigation against the states themselves, rather than prosecution of individuals who provide marijuana for medicinal purposes, because the language of the rider indicates that the Department may not use appropriated money to prevent states from implementing their medical marijuana laws.

The three-judge panel of the …

Jones V. Davis And The Critical Issue Of Time In California’S Capital Punishment System, Heather Varanini

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Note argues that the Ninth Circuit should have affirmed the district court’s holding, thus invalidating California’s capital punishment system for three main reasons. First, citizens are losing confidence in the death penalty, which undermines its deterrent effect. Second, capital punishment is a critical issue for the State, and Californians and death row inmates alike must look to the judiciary for relief. Third, the Ninth Circuit avoided the constitutional issue of California’s capital punishment system by relying on Teague v. Lane. In doing so, the court deepened the problems the Defendant and the district court sought to alleviate.

Introduction, The Hon. Carlos T. Bea

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Judges Of The United States Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

How Reasonable Are Reasonable Efforts For The Children Of Incarcerated Parents?, Courtney Serrato

Golden Gate University Law Review

This article will discuss the development of the laws concerning children with incarcerated parents. Ultimately, the goal is to encourage states like California to (1) expand the law regarding reasonable efforts even further, (2) encourage California prisons to take into consideration exceptions for children and incarcerated parents in implementing prison policies, and (3) provide other states with a model for proposing new laws that can be put into practice. The background of this article will explain the federal implementation of The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) and the necessary changes California made to state law after the enactment of …

Paved With Good Intentions: Title Ix Campus Sexual Assault Proceedings And The Creation Of Admissible Victim Statements, Sara F. Dudley

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Comment argues that campuses should, in the course of their Title IX proceedings, ensure that anyone who takes a potentially admissible statement from a survivor has received trauma-informed interview training. Trauma-informed interviewing acknowledges the physiological effect of trauma on survivors, the impact that it can have on their ability to recall facts and details, and the limits and possibilities of obtaining information from such witnesses. In addition, campuses should limit the number of individuals who take statements from survivors and record the victim’s statements. These improvements will create statements of higher evidentiary quality. It will also mitigate the emotional …

A New War On Drugs: Fighting State-Sponsored Overmedication Of California’S Foster Youth, Jessie Conradi

Golden Gate University Law Review

California desperately needs to amend the law pertaining to the administration of psychotropic medication to foster youth. State policy affecting foster youth impacts many lives, as California is home to fifteen percent of foster youth in the United States. While California began offering such protections, a comprehensive amendment to California’s law should address consent, case review for troublesome cases, monitoring, and a standard of review that matches the current standard used when prescribing involuntary medication to adults. Anything less than this falls short of the state’s duty to act, under the state’s parens patriae power, as the foster youth’s parent. …

Introduction, M. Margaret Mckeown

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Judges Of The United States Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit

Golden Gate University Law Review

Includes an obituary for Judge Arthur L. Alarcon.

Judging And Administration For Far-Off Places: Trial, Appellate, And Committee Work In The South Pacific, Stephen L. Wasby

Golden Gate University Law Review

Little attention is paid to the far reaches of the federal judicial system, which extends beyond the boundaries of the continental United States and even beyond the outermost states of Alaska and Hawaii; Puerto Rico is part of the First Circuit,1 and the Virgin Islands are part of the Third Circuit.2 Most particularly, the Ninth Circuit encompasses not only Hawai’i but also the territories of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands (NMI). Not only has the Ninth Circuit provided judges to hear cases in the district courts in Guam and the NMI as needed and reviewed cases appealed from those …

Davey Jones’S Lockup: Changing The U.S. Approach To Prosecution And Punishment Of Maritime Piracy In Universal Jurisdiction Cases, Collin Mccarthy

Golden Gate University Law Review

Recognizing the need for the United States government to take a leadership role in confronting and suppressing the resurging threat of maritime piracy, this Comment evaluates the current status of maritime piracy laws in the United States. Moreover, as the use of legal mechanisms will play a vital part in combating maritime piracy, this Comment seeks to demonstrate that the statutory system as it stands is both outdated and illsuited for addressing the complexities of piracy in the modern era, and will only impede the achievement of current strategic objectives. More specifically, as the crime of piracy is no longer …

Emulating The German Two-Tier Board And Worker Participation In U.S. Law: A Stakeholder Theory Of The Firm, Eric Engle, Tetiana Danyliuk

Golden Gate University Law Review

The U.S. corporate governance system failed in 2002, and again in 2008, leading to the deepest economic downturn in the United States since the Great Depression. Germany, in contrast, suffered neither widespread regulatory failure nor market collapse. Important differences in the U.S. and German corporate structure and capital markets may explain the divergent economic performance. This Article examines whether and how to emulate German corporate governance structures in the U.S. market, a theme which may be of interest to German corporations considering locating operations in the United States, such as Volkswagen in Tennessee.

This Article is structured in three parts. …

Judges Of The United States Court Of Appeals For The Ninth Circuit

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Fallout Of Too Big For Trial: Advocating Control Person Liability, Tudor Jones

Golden Gate University Law Review

The Subprime Mortgage Crisis of 2008 (Subprime Crisis or Crisis) caused an unprecedented worldwide recession. Between 2007 and 2010, the global financial services sector lost 325,000 jobs. In the United States, consumer household net worth decreased by $11 trillion. Meanwhile, C-level executives (hereafter, executives or corporate officers) from sixteen of the firms most closely associated with the Subprime Crisis were eligible to receive golden parachute payments approaching $1 billion if their firms’ failures had resulted in their terminations. Because of the government bailout program, that money would have been indirectly funded by United States taxpayers.

The Subprime Crisis presented the …

Ag-Gag Laws: A Shift In The Wrong Direction For Animal Welfare On Farms, Larissa Wilson

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Comment argues that ag-gag laws are roadblocks to the creation, enforcement, and expansion of animal cruelty laws. Part I provides background on the development of farming, current farming conditions, and the implications of farm conditions for consumers. It also gives a brief history of undercover investigative reporting and the ag-gag laws that have followed. Part II explains how ag-gag laws prevent the creation of effective animal welfare statutes by limiting the public awareness that leads directly to the establishment of new anti-cruelty measures. Part III explains that ag-gag legislation obstructs the enforcement of animal welfare statutes because these measures …

Dna Analysis And The Confrontation Clause: “Special Needs” Category For Dna Testimonial Evidence, Colleen Clark

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Comment examines three recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions dealing with forensic evidence and how its use is affected by the Confrontation Clause. The Confrontation Clause provides a defendant with the right to confront adverse witnesses. Notably, in Williams v. Illinois, Justice Breyer pointed out that the Court has explicitly not addressed the “outer limits of the “testimonial statements” rule set forth in Crawford v. Washington.” Specifically, Justice Breyer asked how “the Confrontation Clause [applies] to the panoply of crime laboratory reports and underlying technical statements written by (or otherwise made by) laboratory technicians?” This question, while left …

Jessica’S Law Residency Restrictions In California: The Current State Of The Law, Bruce Zucker

Golden Gate University Law Review

Sex offender residency restrictions in the United States became ubiquitous throughout state and county jurisdictions in 2006 following the passage of the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act (“SORA”). Following passage of SORA, over 30 states and hundreds of local counties and municipalities adopted some form of restriction on where registered sex offenders could live. Although California had already placed some such limits, California voters passed Proposition 83 in November 2006, known as the Sexual Predator Punishment and Control Act: Jessica’s Law (SPPCA). Among other provisions, Jessica’s Law for the first time prohibited certain registered …

Narrowly Restricting "Clearly Established" Civil Liberties: The Constitutional Ramifications Of A Family Member's [Under] Protected Federal Privacy Rights In The Dissemination Of Postmortem Images In Marsh V. County Of San Diego, Mahira Siddiqui

Golden Gate University Law Review

In Marsh, the Ninth Circuit held that a prosecutor who photocopied and kept a child's autopsy photograph (and after retirement gave the copy to the press) was entitled to qualified immunity. The court reasoned that there was no "clearly established" law to inform the prosecutor that his earlier conduct in making and keeping the photocopy was unlawful. In so holding, the Ninth Circuit relied on American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Co. v. Sullivan, which held that a plaintiff must prove that he or she was "deprived of a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States."' Moreover, …

Introduction, The Honorable Richard R. Clifton

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.