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2006

Virginia Commonwealth University

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Virginia Commonwealth University Undergraduate Bulletin [2006], Virginia Commonwealth University Jan 2006

Virginia Commonwealth University Undergraduate Bulletin [2006], Virginia Commonwealth University

VCU Bulletins

Undergraduate bulletin for Virginia Commonwealth University for the academic year 2006-2007. It includes information on academic regulations, degree requirements, course offerings, faculty, academic calendar, and tuition and expenses for undergraduate programs.

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Virginia Commonwealth University Bulletin All Courses [2006], Virginia Commonwealth University Jan 2006

Virginia Commonwealth University Bulletin All Courses [2006], Virginia Commonwealth University

VCU Bulletins

Listing of undergraduate, professional, and graduate courses for 2006-2007.

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Green Organic Solar Cells From A Water Soluble Polymer And Nancrystalline Tio2, Qiquan Qiao Jan 2006

Green Organic Solar Cells From A Water Soluble Polymer And Nancrystalline Tio2, Qiquan Qiao

Theses and Dissertations

The cost of the present generation of inorganic silicon solar cells is very high and further breakthroughs in cost and efficiency using traditional materials are becoming less and less likely after over 50 years of development. Next generation organic solar cells offer a solution to the limitations of silicon through the vision of low-cost, liquid-based, large area fabrication technology based on polymer and nanomaterials at room temperature. However, most polymers used in solar cells are dissolved in organic solvents such as xylene, toluene, chloroform, and chlorobenzene. Such solvents are harmful to people and environments, leading to higher costs due to …

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Studies On The Molecular Biology Of Naegleru Fowleri And Identification Of N. Fowleri In The Environment, Rebecca Carmean Maclean Jan 2006

Studies On The Molecular Biology Of Naegleru Fowleri And Identification Of N. Fowleri In The Environment, Rebecca Carmean Maclean

Theses and Dissertations

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living ameboflagellate, is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Healthy humans sporadically become infected with N. fowleri and develop fatal PAM after recreational or work exposure to freshwater; accordingly, there is a need for monitoring the presence of pathogenic amebeflagellates in public freshwater. The present study was conducted to determine whether a nested PCR assay could be used for detection of N. fowleri in freshwater habitats. PCR analysis was used to test samples from Virginia, Connecticut, Arizona, and Oklahoma for the presence of N. fowleri in lakes, ponds, soil, and domestic water supplies. The amebae were …

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The Art Of Adjustment, Kathryn F. Matthews Jan 2006

The Art Of Adjustment, Kathryn F. Matthews

Theses and Dissertations

My artwork is fortified by three essential elements, vibrant color, luminous light, and repeated patterns found in nature. These elements unify my oil paintings and computer generated artwork and form a substructure that serves to magnify the unique concord found in nature.

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The Oldest Well, Saul Benjamin Becker Jan 2006

The Oldest Well, Saul Benjamin Becker

Theses and Dissertations

This body of work, representing the past two years, is focused on the idea of the composite landscape. This reconfiguring of the elements from the external world combined with invented places is a way for me to articulate the subtle transactions between the interior psyche and the external world. The way this new conglomerate space is represented is a result of my inquiry into the relationship between nature, culture, and the sublime. The place where the private acts of the studio meet the shared exterior world is where I find my intellect, fantasy, and sense of reality collaborating in chorus.

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An Examination Of Career Decision-Making In The Context Of Female Offenders, Allison L. Stone Jan 2006

An Examination Of Career Decision-Making In The Context Of Female Offenders, Allison L. Stone

Theses and Dissertations

Female offenders often have had increased financial difficulties post-release because of lower levels of educational achievement and less job experience. Career programming may prove useful to female offenders by providing guidance with career decisions and strengthening career decision-making skills. The aims of this study were to investigate career decision-making skills and self-efficacy in the context of vocational programming for a group of female offenders. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used to examine scale scores for a group who participated in programming and a control group at the same correctional facility. A series oft tests revealed no significant differences between the …

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Functional Consequences Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Over-Expression In Human Gliomas, Emily Mullet Jan 2006

Functional Consequences Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Over-Expression In Human Gliomas, Emily Mullet

Theses and Dissertations

Malignant brain tumors are among the deadliest of human cancers. Despit recent advancements in conventional therapies, glioblastomas remain incurable, largel y due to their ability to invade surrounding tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases are thought to contribute to the invaseive phenotype of human gliomas. Absent in normal brain, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) has been shown to be present in gliomas, and in particular in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). To begin to examine the role of MMP-1 in these tumore, two human glioma cell lines were stably transfected with MMP-1 cDNA. Confirmation of MMP-1 over-expression in these cells was achieved through real-time PCR and Western …

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Is Safe Haven Legislation An Efficacious Policy Response To Infant Abandonment: A Biopsychosocial Profile Of The Target Population, Stephanie Mayes Gruss Jan 2006

Is Safe Haven Legislation An Efficacious Policy Response To Infant Abandonment: A Biopsychosocial Profile Of The Target Population, Stephanie Mayes Gruss

Theses and Dissertations

This study represents an attempt to describe the extent and features of safe haven legislation in the United States, discuss implementation issues, and to examine if the legislation is reaching its intended target audience in order to answer the question, "Is safe haven legislation an efficacious response to infant abandonment?" Safe havens are designated locations where infants can be anonymously abandoned without fear of prosecution or incarceration. As of May of 2006, forty-seven states have passed such legislation, citing the need for an alternative to unsafe infant abandonment leading to an infant's death, and an alternative to infanticide (the killing …

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The Theatre That Will Be: 'Devised Theatre' Methodologies And Aesthetics In Training And Practice, Lisa Kathleen Jackson Jan 2006

The Theatre That Will Be: 'Devised Theatre' Methodologies And Aesthetics In Training And Practice, Lisa Kathleen Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis details my process of teaching Devising Theatre, a course of my own design, in Spring of 2005 and Fall of 2005. I address my curricular development from semester to semester (readings, assignments, assessments) as well as the students' responses to the material. Additionally, I discuss my reasons for teaching the course and the place that alternative theatre can and should have in theatre training programs and in the realization of feminist pedagogy.

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Poictesme: A Student Anthology Of Literature And Art (2006) Jan 2006

Poictesme: A Student Anthology Of Literature And Art (2006)

Pwatem (Poictesme), 2006-

Poictesme (now Pwatem) is an anthology of literature and art from undergraduate students at Virginia Commonwealth University. It publishes poetry, prose and art of all kinds from talented undergraduate students of all majors.

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Amendment (2006 Spring) Jan 2006

Amendment (2006 Spring)

Amendment, 2004-

Amendment is a VCU student-produced progressive literature and art journal that provides a platform for students to promote equality, tolerance, and social progression through artistic expression.

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Gonna Spread The News All Around: Early, African-American Popular Song As Spoken Newspaper, Randall Lawrence Stamper Jan 2006

Gonna Spread The News All Around: Early, African-American Popular Song As Spoken Newspaper, Randall Lawrence Stamper

Theses and Dissertations

Most research into blues music over the past thirty years has examined either how the blues contribute to or reflect African-American identity, or how blues lyrics may be used as windows into African-American culture, values, and attitudes. Scholars have generally relied on more conventional songs about male-female relationships in this research, largely ignoring the subset of topical blues songs that related information about current events. Given the widespread illiteracy among African Americans during the height of the blues' popularity, these topical songs are particularly compelling. To date, however, no one has coupled topical blues together with their consumers' educational attainment …

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Comparison Of Leukocyte Classes Most Likely To Cause Vascular Dysfunction In Preeclampsia, Kristen Anne Cadden Jan 2006

Comparison Of Leukocyte Classes Most Likely To Cause Vascular Dysfunction In Preeclampsia, Kristen Anne Cadden

Theses and Dissertations

Leukocytes are activated in women with preeclampsia, but the class of leukocyte most likely to cause vascular dysfunction is not known. We hypothesized that neutrophils may be the class of leukocyte most involved in causing this dysfunction because neutrophils are the most abundant of the leukocytes and their numbers increase during pregnancy. In this study we compared vascular infiltration of neutrophils (CD66b) with monocytes/macrophages (CD14) and lymphocytes (CD99) in normal non-pregnant women (NNP), normal pregnant women (NP), and preeclamptic women (PE). There was no significant difference in the infiltration of lymphocytes into the maternal vasculature in PE as compared to …

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Terra Incognita, Miriam Ellen Ewers Jan 2006

Terra Incognita, Miriam Ellen Ewers

Theses and Dissertations

Process Art: A Dialectic Between Intention Versus AccidentThe Art Studio as an Experimental LaboratoryThe Artist's UnknownImagined ArchitectureSubterranean Architecture: Natural and Man-MadePirenesi's Carceri PrintsGaudi's Architectural ModelsSelf-Reflexion and the Subconscious in Art-MakingArt and Ecstasy

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A Model For Studying Vasogenic Brain Edema, Anshu Shukla Jan 2006

A Model For Studying Vasogenic Brain Edema, Anshu Shukla

Theses and Dissertations

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a proven method for targeted drug delivery to the brain that circumvents the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Little study has been conducted in understanding CED in pathological brain states. This is of importance when dealing with chemotherapeutic agent delivery to brain tumors, where vasogenic edema (VE) exists. The current study aims to characterize a model of VE suitable for studying CED.VE was produced in the right hemisphere of the rat brain using multiple infusions of hyperosmotic mannitol (0.25mL/kg/s over 30 seconds) delivered through the right internal carotid artery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed consistent edema formation and …

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A Gis And Remote Sensing Based Analysis Of Impervious Surface Influences On Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Nest Presence In The Virginia Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay, Jennifer M. Ciminelli Jan 2006

A Gis And Remote Sensing Based Analysis Of Impervious Surface Influences On Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) Nest Presence In The Virginia Portion Of The Chesapeake Bay, Jennifer M. Ciminelli

Theses and Dissertations

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and remote sensing techniques were used to predict relationships between bald eagle nest presences and land type, distance to land type and impervious surface cover area. Data plots revealed bald eagle nest presence decreases in response to an increase in area of bareland; increases with an increase in area of forested land; decreases with an increase in distance (m) to shoreline, and decreases in response to an increase in area of impervious surfaces. Logistic regression models identified impervious surfaces as an indicator for bald eagle nest presence (P 24% as unsuitable. Unsuitable area covered 17.82% of …

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The Relationship Between Eating Disordered Behavior And Smoking In Black And White College Females, Sarah Elizabeth Trace Jan 2006

The Relationship Between Eating Disordered Behavior And Smoking In Black And White College Females, Sarah Elizabeth Trace

Theses and Dissertations

Both eating disorders and smoking are significant problems for Black and White college women. Additionally, these two negative health behaviors frequently co-occur. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these health behaviors using a multivariate model. Two models, one for full and one for partial mediation, were tested using Structural Equation Modeling. The Model for full mediation tested whether the relationship among general distress and smoking are fully mediated by body dissatisfaction, restraint, and binge eating. The model for partial mediation hypothesized that the relationships among general distress, and smoking are mediated by body dissatisfaction, restraint, and binge eating. …

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Membership Functions For A Fuzzy Relational Database: A Comparison Of The Direct Rating And New Random Proportional Methods, Shweta Sanghi Jan 2006

Membership Functions For A Fuzzy Relational Database: A Comparison Of The Direct Rating And New Random Proportional Methods, Shweta Sanghi

Theses and Dissertations

Fuzzy relational databases deal with imprecise data or fuzzy information in a relational database. The purpose of this fuzzy database implementation is to retrieve images by using fuzzy queries whose common-language descriptions are defined by the consensus of a particular user community. The fuzzy set, which is presentation of fuzzy attribute values of the images, is determined through membership function. This paper compares two methods of constructing membership functions, the Direct Rating and New Random Proportional, to determine which method gives maximum users satisfaction with minimum feedback from the community. The statistical analysis of results suggests the use of Direct …

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A Comparison For Longitudinal Data Missing Due To Truncation, Rong Liu Jan 2006

A Comparison For Longitudinal Data Missing Due To Truncation, Rong Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Many longitudinal clinical studies suffer from patient dropout. Often the dropout is nonignorable and the missing mechanism needs to be incorporated in the analysis. The methods handling missing data make various assumptions about the missing mechanism, and their utility in practice depends on whether these assumptions apply in a specific application. Ramakrishnan and Wang (2005) proposed a method (MDT) to handle nonignorable missing data, where missing is due to the observations exceeding an unobserved threshold. Assuming that the observations arise from a truncated normal distribution, they suggested an EM algorithm to simplify the estimation.In this dissertation the EM algorithm is …

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Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 83, No. 1, 2006) Jan 2006

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 83, No. 1, 2006)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

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Instructional Strategies To Increase Motivation, Close The Achievement Gap, And Help Students Reach Their Potential: A Review Of Literature, Nora Alder, Susan P. Mckelvey Jan 2006

Instructional Strategies To Increase Motivation, Close The Achievement Gap, And Help Students Reach Their Potential: A Review Of Literature, Nora Alder, Susan P. Mckelvey

MERC Publications

Closing the achievement gap between African, Native, and Hispanic American and their European and Asian American counterparts has been a concern for decades. Recently, the persistence of this issue has become more pressing due to several factors. First, high stakes accountability testing places demands on students to demonstrate mastery of material across disciplines in order to successfully complete high school. Second, some states have already reported an increase dropout rate when students feel that they cannot pass the tests or will be retained in their grade level (Clark, et al., 2000). Third, the society’s economic structure in the new millennium …

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Determinants Of Care Seeking For Persons With Low Back And Neck Pain Treated By Physicians, Chiropractors Or Physical Therapists, Julia Chevan Jan 2006

Determinants Of Care Seeking For Persons With Low Back And Neck Pain Treated By Physicians, Chiropractors Or Physical Therapists, Julia Chevan

Theses and Dissertations

Low back and neck pain are frequent reasons for adults to seek healthcare. Three types of practitioners are commonly used in the United States: physicians, chiropractors and physical therapists. In this study, Andersen's "Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization" is used to examine care seeking and provider selection. Estimates of back and neck pain prevalence in the United States are presented as well as care seeking rates and care consumption estimates for patients who used the three providers of interest. Multivariate regression analyses are presented that model the variables that most influence care seeking and provider selection.Cases with the conditions …

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Perceived Deprivation In Active Duty Military Nurse Anesthetists, Julie Ann Pearson Jan 2006

Perceived Deprivation In Active Duty Military Nurse Anesthetists, Julie Ann Pearson

Theses and Dissertations

Problem: There is a shortage of military certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs). The exodus from military service to civilian careers could be a result of relative deprivation (the discrepancy that one perceives between what one has and what one could or should have). Relative deprivation is a perception of unfairness dependent on feelings (subjective data) as well as facts (objective data). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure relative deprivation in active duty military nurse anesthetists, to explore variables which correlate with relative deprivation, and to validate or refute the theory of relative deprivation in active duty military …

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Use Of Quantitative Admissions Data To Predict Academic And Licensure Examination Performance Among Physical Therapist Students, Ralph Russell Utzman Jan 2006

Use Of Quantitative Admissions Data To Predict Academic And Licensure Examination Performance Among Physical Therapist Students, Ralph Russell Utzman

Theses and Dissertations

Professional physical therapist education programs use a variety of measures of academic performance, aptitude, and interpersonal skills when selecting students for admission. Grade point averages (GPA) and scores on standardized tests, such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), are commonly used quantitative measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of these measures in predicting which physical therapist students will encounter difficulty in the academic program or in passing the National Physical Therapist Examination (NPTE). This study used a retrospective longitudinal design. A nationally representative sample of 20 programs was drawn from the population of physical therapist …

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Autism Spectrum Disorders And Workplace Discrimination: An Empirical Analysis Of Eeoc-Resolved Ada Title I Charges, Wieren Todd Alan Van Jan 2006

Autism Spectrum Disorders And Workplace Discrimination: An Empirical Analysis Of Eeoc-Resolved Ada Title I Charges, Wieren Todd Alan Van

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this quantitative, non-experimental, retrospective research study was to examine the charges of disability-related, private-sector workplace discrimination made by individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). To date, there has been a lack of research regarding the nature, scope and dynamics of employment discrimination affecting individuals with ASDs.A portion of the EEOC's Integrated Mission Systems (IMS) database was analyzed, drawing upon the following five major categories: (1) charging-party demographics, (2) responding-party characteristics, (3), U.S. region, (4) ADA Title I discrimination charge categories, …

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Jimmy Hit His First Home Run, Eileen N. Rafferty Jan 2006

Jimmy Hit His First Home Run, Eileen N. Rafferty

Theses and Dissertations

This document begins with the end of a life and ends with the beginning of hope. It is a brief description of the artist's history, artistic and literary influences, and subsequent works produced during graduate school, specifically Dichotomy, Swan Dive, and Jimmy Hit His First Home Run. Topics discussed include Human Physiology, Transference, Buddhism, and Bubbles. This document was created in Microsoft Word 2004 for Mac, Version 11.2.

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The Assistant Director, Stephanie R. Hanna Jan 2006

The Assistant Director, Stephanie R. Hanna

Theses and Dissertations

My thesis addresses the role of the assistant director within the realm of today's American theatre. I determine who the assistant director is in today's theatre, what qualities they need to possess, and how a director can use an assistant director most effectively. To come to these conclusions, I analyze my experiences as an assistant director and a director over the last four years, as well as conduct interviews with directors and assistant directors currently working in professional and academic.

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Influence Of The Vitamin D3 Analog Eb 1089 On Senescence And Cell Death Pathways In The Response Of Breast Tumor Cells To Ionizing Radiation, Gerald Alan Demasters Jan 2006

Influence Of The Vitamin D3 Analog Eb 1089 On Senescence And Cell Death Pathways In The Response Of Breast Tumor Cells To Ionizing Radiation, Gerald Alan Demasters

Theses and Dissertations

A senescence-like growth arrest succeeded by rapid recovery of proliferative capacity is observed in MCF-7 breast tumor cells exposed to fractionated radiation (5 x 2Gy) alone. Exposure to the vitamin D3 analog EB 1089 (100nM) prior to irradiation converts the initial growth arrest response to cell death in part through the inhibition of radiation-induced senescence and promotion of both apoptotic and autophagic cell death. More importantly, EB 1089 was shown to profoundly reduce the rate of recovery following fractionated irradiation. The effect of EB 1089 on the temporal response to radiation is also observed in MCF-7 cells expressing caspase 3, …

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Design And Validation Of A Full Contact Gait Simulator For The Cadaveric Lower Extremity, Joseph Michael Iaquinto Jan 2006

Design And Validation Of A Full Contact Gait Simulator For The Cadaveric Lower Extremity, Joseph Michael Iaquinto

Theses and Dissertations

The projects goal was to create a device to simulate full contact gait in the cadaveric lower extremity. The Contact Gait Simulation System loads specific muscles to recreate anatomical dorsi and plantar flexion of the ankle under axial loading. A system of pneumatic load generation was connected a LabVIEW virtual instrument (VI), which controlled the application of these loads. The loads were roughly based off literature cited EMG data, and further modified from feedback. In addition to controlling the load system, the VI also coordinates external sensor timing. Along with this simulator, software was developed specifically for analyzing pressure data …

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