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Fort Mcdowell Indian Community Water Rights Settlement Revision Act Of 2006, United States 109th Congress Nov 2006

Fort Mcdowell Indian Community Water Rights Settlement Revision Act Of 2006, United States 109th Congress

Native American Water Rights Settlement Project

Federal Legislation: Fort McDowell Indian Community Water Rights Settlement Revision Act of 2006 (PL 109-373, 120 Stat. 2650) This Act cancels the repayment obligation of the tribe under PL 101-628 and relieves the DOI secretary of its obligation to obtain mitigation property or develop additional farm acreage under the Act. [Source: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-120/pdf/STATUTE-120-Pg2650.pdf]


Development Plan For The Energy Sector 2007 - 2017, Bureau Des Mines Et De L'Energie Nov 2006

Development Plan For The Energy Sector 2007 - 2017, Bureau Des Mines Et De L'Energie

Latin American Energy Dialogue, White Papers and Reports

The national program for the development of the energy sector of Haiti seeks to enable policy makers and various stakeholders providing them with a management tool for the industry. The program covers the period 2007-2032. The conservation of natural resources (especially forests) from the point of view of energy management and environmental integrity will be considered through various measures such as: Support for more efficient use of fuel from wood and charcoal; the production of energy and other forest biomass resources; the conversion to diesel, bio-diesel and LPG of 1,000 small businesses that use wood as fuel; the promotion of …


Utility Manual (2006), Bill Young Oct 2006

Utility Manual (2006), Bill Young

MTAS Publications: Full Publications

The purpose of this manual is to provide cities with a better understanding of funding water and sewer utility operations.


Aluminum Bioavailability From The Approved Food Additive Leavening Agent Acidic Sodium Aluminum Phosphate, Incorporated Into A Baked Good, Is Lower Than From Water, Robert A. Yokel, Rebecca L. Florence Oct 2006

Aluminum Bioavailability From The Approved Food Additive Leavening Agent Acidic Sodium Aluminum Phosphate, Incorporated Into A Baked Good, Is Lower Than From Water, Robert A. Yokel, Rebecca L. Florence

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

There are estimates of oral aluminum (Al) bioavailability from drinking water, but little information on Al bioavailability from foods. Foods contribute ∼95% and drinking water 1–2% of the typical human's daily Al intake. The objectives were to estimate oral Al bioavailability from a representative food containing the food additive acidic sodium aluminum phosphate (acidic SALP), a leavening agent in baked goods. Rats were acclimated to a special diet that resulted in no stomach contents 14 h after its withdrawal. They were trained to rapidly consume a biscuit containing 1.5% acidic SALP. Oral Al bioavailability was then determined from a biscuit …


Tropic And East Fork Irrigation Company, Tropic Ditch Replacement Project, Environmental Assessment, Bureau Of Reclamation, Provo Area Office Oct 2006

Tropic And East Fork Irrigation Company, Tropic Ditch Replacement Project, Environmental Assessment, Bureau Of Reclamation, Provo Area Office

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The purpose of this project is to reduce the amount of salt entering the Paria River and ultimately the Colorado River. One way to reduce the amount of salt reaching the Colorado River is to eliminate seepage from the historic Tropic Ditch. The Bureau of Reclamation, Provo Area Office has proposed funding for the project under the Colorado River Salinity Control Program. In addition to reducing the amount of salt loading, the project would also conserve water lost to evaporation and seepage.

The purpose of this Environmental Assessment (EA) is to analyze the potential environmental consequences of the proposed construction …


Bear River Resource Conservation And Development Council Area Plan, United States Department Of Agriculture, Natural Conservation Service, Bear River Resource Conservation And Development Council Sep 2006

Bear River Resource Conservation And Development Council Area Plan, United States Department Of Agriculture, Natural Conservation Service, Bear River Resource Conservation And Development Council

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This five-year Area Plan is the guiding document for the Bear River RC&D Council, Inc. It identifies needs and opportunities and goals and objectives which lead the RC&D Council in its work.


Melt Detection In Antarctic Ice Shelves Using Scatterometers And Microwave Radiometers, David G. Long, Lucas B. Kunz Sep 2006

Melt Detection In Antarctic Ice Shelves Using Scatterometers And Microwave Radiometers, David G. Long, Lucas B. Kunz

Faculty Publications

Ku-band dual-polarization radar backscatter measurements from the SeaWinds-on-QuikSCAT scatterometer are used to determine periods of surface freeze and melt in the Antarctic ice shelves. The normalized horizontal-polarization radar backscatter (sigmao) and backscatter polarization ratio are used in maximum-likelihood estimation of the ice state. This method is used to infer the daily ice-surface conditions for 25 study locations located on the Ronne, Ross, Larsen, Amery, Shackleton, and other ice shelves. The temporal and spatial variations of the radar response are observed for various neighborhood sizes surrounding each given location during the study period. Criteria for determining the dates of melt onset …


Water And Wastewater Management: A Training Manual For Board Members, Steve Wyatt, Brett Ward, Bill Young Jul 2006

Water And Wastewater Management: A Training Manual For Board Members, Steve Wyatt, Brett Ward, Bill Young

MTAS Publications: Full Publications

The purpose of this manual is to provide a resource for both new and experienced water board members and municipal officials who have little or no formal training for the job.


Slides: Taking The Long View: Doing Something About Climate Change, David Getches, Susan Avery, Maggie Fox, Roger Pielke Jun 2006

Slides: Taking The Long View: Doing Something About Climate Change, David Getches, Susan Avery, Maggie Fox, Roger Pielke

Climate Change and the Future of the American West: Exploring the Legal and Policy Dimensions (Summer Conference, June 7-9)

Presenter: Maggie Fox, President, America Votes, Boulder, CO.

Presenter: Susan Avery, Interim Provost and Executive Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Colorado.

Presenter: Roger Pielke, Jr., Professor, Environmental Studies, Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado.

4 slides.


Soboba Band Of Luiseño Indians Settlement Agreement, Soboba Band Of Luiseño Indians Et Al Jun 2006

Soboba Band Of Luiseño Indians Settlement Agreement, Soboba Band Of Luiseño Indians Et Al

Native American Water Rights Settlement Project

Settlement Agreement: Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians Settlement Agreement of June 7, 2006, (final signatures Oct. 18, 2008) Parties: Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians, US, Eastern Municipal Water District, Lake Hemet Municipal Water District and Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The Tribe is entitled to 9K acre-feet annually (afy) as a prior and paramount right. The districts agree to supply the Tribe water to the extent that it is not able to produce that amount. However, the Tribe agrees to limit its exercise of the right to 4,100 afy for 50 years. The Tribe may use water made available …


Slides: Agriculture: Climate Change Problem, Solution, Or Both? And U.S. Agriculture And Climate Change: Challenge And Opportunity, David L. Carlson Jun 2006

Slides: Agriculture: Climate Change Problem, Solution, Or Both? And U.S. Agriculture And Climate Change: Challenge And Opportunity, David L. Carlson

Climate Change and the Future of the American West: Exploring the Legal and Policy Dimensions (Summer Conference, June 7-9)

Presenter: David L. Carlson, President, Resource Analysis, Inc., Denver, CO.

1 page and 19 slides.

Contains footnotes.


Slides: Climate Change & The Ecological Resources Of The West, Chris Field Jun 2006

Slides: Climate Change & The Ecological Resources Of The West, Chris Field

Climate Change and the Future of the American West: Exploring the Legal and Policy Dimensions (Summer Conference, June 7-9)

Presenter: Chris Field, Director, Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC.

39 slides.

Contains references.


Micro-Structural And Phase Configuration Effects Determining Water Content: Dielectric Relationships Of Aggregated Porous Media, J. M. Blonquist, Jr., Scott B. Jones, I. Lebron, D. A. Robinson May 2006

Micro-Structural And Phase Configuration Effects Determining Water Content: Dielectric Relationships Of Aggregated Porous Media, J. M. Blonquist, Jr., Scott B. Jones, I. Lebron, D. A. Robinson

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Many porous media in which we determine water content are aggregated and characterized by a dual-porosity pore network, composed of interaggregate pores and intra-aggregate pores. This paper reports sample-scale permittivity measurements made in four stable aggregate media with dual porosity. Results indicate two distinct dielectric responses depending on whether the aggregates are surrounded by water or air. We relate transitions in the permittivity response to the water retention characteristic (WRC), showing that after the interaggregate pores have drained, the slope of the water content–permittivity relationship is significantly reduced (permittivity values ranging from 5 to 7). The hydraulic critical water content …


Finding Money For Municipal Water, Wastewater, And Solid Waste Projects In Tennessee, Sharon Rollins Apr 2006

Finding Money For Municipal Water, Wastewater, And Solid Waste Projects In Tennessee, Sharon Rollins

MTAS Publications: Full Publications

This guide provides an overview of various financing programs available to Tennessee's local governments for water, wastewater, solid waste, and other project needs.


Mexico Confirms Discovery Of Vast Oil Field Deep In Gulf Of Mexico, Sourcemex Mar 2006

Mexico Confirms Discovery Of Vast Oil Field Deep In Gulf Of Mexico, Sourcemex

NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America

In early March, the state-run oil company PEMEX confirmed the discovery of a vast reserve of crude oil in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. President Vicente Fox's administration was quick to promote the new discovery, given the name Noxal, as a possible substitute for the Cantarell oil field, whose production is projected to decline rapidly in the next several years. The new oil reserve would not be productive, however, for at least 10 years and possibly longer, depending on whether the Mexican government is able to obtain the financing and expertise necessary to begin developing the new …


Crop Updates 2006 - Katanning, David Stephens, Michael Meuleners, Meredith Fairbanks, Thomas Schulz, T. J. Flowers, T. D. Colmer, Narelle Simpson, Ron Mctaggart, Wal Anderson, Lionel Martin, Dave Allen, Brenda Shackley, Raj Malik, Kelly Winfield, Rodger Beermier, Shahahan Miyan, Abul Hashem, Shahab Pathan, Vikki Osten, Alex Douglas, Garren Knell, Steve Curtin, Wade Longmuir, Henry Brockman, Justin Hardy, Arjen Ryder, John Paul Collins, Jessica Johns, John Pepall, Allan Herbert Mar 2006

Crop Updates 2006 - Katanning, David Stephens, Michael Meuleners, Meredith Fairbanks, Thomas Schulz, T. J. Flowers, T. D. Colmer, Narelle Simpson, Ron Mctaggart, Wal Anderson, Lionel Martin, Dave Allen, Brenda Shackley, Raj Malik, Kelly Winfield, Rodger Beermier, Shahahan Miyan, Abul Hashem, Shahab Pathan, Vikki Osten, Alex Douglas, Garren Knell, Steve Curtin, Wade Longmuir, Henry Brockman, Justin Hardy, Arjen Ryder, John Paul Collins, Jessica Johns, John Pepall, Allan Herbert

Crop Updates

This session covers sixteen papers from different authors

  1. 2006 SEASONAL OUTLOOK, David Stephens and Michael Meuleners, Department of Agriculture

  2. Review of climate model summaries reported in the Department of Agriculture’s growing season outlooks, Meredith Fairbanks, Department of Agriculture

  3. Farmers commodity outlook 2006, Thomas Schulz, Department of Agriculture

  4. Why is salinity such a difficult problem for plant breeders? T J Flowers, TD Colmer, University of Western Australia

  5. Matching nitrogen supply to wheat demand in 2005, Narelle Simpson, Ron McTaggart, Wal Anderson, Lionel Martin and Dave Allen, Department of Agriculture

  6. Wheat varieties in 2006, Brenda Shackley, …


Decree No. 77/006 - Special Contracts For Sale And Purchase Of Electricity Produced Through Renewable Energies, Ministerio De Industria, Energía Y Minas Mar 2006

Decree No. 77/006 - Special Contracts For Sale And Purchase Of Electricity Produced Through Renewable Energies, Ministerio De Industria, Energía Y Minas

Latin American Energy Policies

The National Administration of Power Stations and Transmissions will promote special contracts with energy providers who produce energy through wind, biomass or hydroelectric power plants.


Crop Updates 2006 - Cereals, Roger Jones, Nichole Burges, Mohommad Amjad, Ben Curtis, Wal Anderson, Darren Chitty, Brianna Peake, Harm Van Rees, Cherie Reilly, James Hunt, Dean Holzworth, Zvi Hochman, Allan Peake, Neal Dalgliesh, Stephen Van Rees, Trudy Mccann, Peter Carberry, Raj Malik, Kelly Winfield, Brenda Shackley, Judith Devenish, Darshan Sharma, Steve Penny Jr, Christine Zaicou-Kunesch, Mike Bolland, Ross Brennan, Paul Damon, Zed Rengel, Jeremy Lemon, Perry Poulton, Nick Poole, Brooke Thompson, Stephen Loss, Jeff Russell, Angie Roe, James Eyres, Narelle Simpson, Ron Mctaggart, Lionel Martin, Dave Allen, Hossein Golzar, Manisha Shankar, Robert Loughman, John Majewski, Donna Foster, Jamie Piotrowski, Nicole Harry, Geoff Thomas, Kith Jayasena, Svetlana Micic, Paul Matson, Tony Dore, Thomas (Ben) Biddulph, Daryl Mares, Julie Plummer, Tim Setter, Garren Knell, Steve Curtin, Wade Longmuir, Nigel Metz, Tina Botwright Acuña, Len Wade, Cindy Mills, Peter Stone Feb 2006

Crop Updates 2006 - Cereals, Roger Jones, Nichole Burges, Mohommad Amjad, Ben Curtis, Wal Anderson, Darren Chitty, Brianna Peake, Harm Van Rees, Cherie Reilly, James Hunt, Dean Holzworth, Zvi Hochman, Allan Peake, Neal Dalgliesh, Stephen Van Rees, Trudy Mccann, Peter Carberry, Raj Malik, Kelly Winfield, Brenda Shackley, Judith Devenish, Darshan Sharma, Steve Penny Jr, Christine Zaicou-Kunesch, Mike Bolland, Ross Brennan, Paul Damon, Zed Rengel, Jeremy Lemon, Perry Poulton, Nick Poole, Brooke Thompson, Stephen Loss, Jeff Russell, Angie Roe, James Eyres, Narelle Simpson, Ron Mctaggart, Lionel Martin, Dave Allen, Hossein Golzar, Manisha Shankar, Robert Loughman, John Majewski, Donna Foster, Jamie Piotrowski, Nicole Harry, Geoff Thomas, Kith Jayasena, Svetlana Micic, Paul Matson, Tony Dore, Thomas (Ben) Biddulph, Daryl Mares, Julie Plummer, Tim Setter, Garren Knell, Steve Curtin, Wade Longmuir, Nigel Metz, Tina Botwright Acuña, Len Wade, Cindy Mills, Peter Stone

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty nine papers from different authors:

PLENARY

1. The 2005 wheat streak mosaic virus epidemic in New South Wales and the threat posed to the Western Australian wheat industry, Roger Jones and Nichole Burges, Department of Agriculture

SOUTH COAST AGRONOMY

2. South coast wheat variety trial results and best options for 2006, Mohammad Amjad, Ben Curtis and Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture

3. Dual purpose winter wheats to improve productivity, Mohammad Amjad and Ben Curtis, Department of Agriculture

4. South coast large-scale premium wheat variety trials, Mohammad Amjad and Ben Curtis, Department of Agriculture …


Record Of Decision: Operation Of Flaming Gorge Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation Jan 2006

Record Of Decision: Operation Of Flaming Gorge Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) has completed a final environmental impact statement (EIS) on the operation of Flaming Gorge Dam. The EIS describes the potential effects of modifying the operation of Flaming Gorge Dam to assist in the recovery of four endangered fish, and their critical habitat, downstream from the dam. The four endangered fish species are Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), humpback chub (Gila cypha), razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), and bonytail (Gila elegans). Reclamation would implement the proposed action by modifying the operations of Flaming Gorge Dam, to the extent possible, to achieve the flows and temperatures recommended by participants …


Some Legal Considerations Concerning Saami Rights In Saltwater, Elisabeth Einarsbøl Jan 2006

Some Legal Considerations Concerning Saami Rights In Saltwater, Elisabeth Einarsbøl

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

The rights of the coastal Saami form the focus for this paper, which has been written by one of the advisers at the GÁLDU Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It explores the views on the rights of the coastal Saami that prevail today in the light of earlier perceptions and practices within sea fishing. The challenge is to attempt to say something about what this development entails in purely legal terms. The paper is one of the first to seek to provide an overview of what has been done with regard to surveys and research in the …


Building Governance Capacity: The Case Of Potable Water In First Nations Communities, John Graham, Evlyn Fortier Jan 2006

Building Governance Capacity: The Case Of Potable Water In First Nations Communities, John Graham, Evlyn Fortier

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

No abstract provided.


A Glass Half Empty: Drinking Water In First Nations Communities, Sarah N. Morales Jan 2006

A Glass Half Empty: Drinking Water In First Nations Communities, Sarah N. Morales

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

No abstract provided.


Damping Measurements In Tube Bundles Subjected To Two-Phase Cross Flow, Joaquin Moran, David S. Weaver Jan 2006

Damping Measurements In Tube Bundles Subjected To Two-Phase Cross Flow, Joaquin Moran, David S. Weaver

Publications and Scholarship

An experimental study was conducted to investigate twophase damping in tube arrays. The objective was to compare different measurement methodologies in order to obtain a more reliable damping estimate. This will allow for improved guidelines related to failures due to fluidelastic instability in tube bundles. The methods compared were the traditionally used halfpower bandwidth, the logarithmic decrement and an exponential fitting to the tube decay response. The working fluid used was Refrigerant 11 (Freon), which better models the real steamwater problem, as it allows for phase change. The void fraction was measured using a gamma densitometer, introducing an improvement over …


Sp553-Water - Important For Life, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service Jan 2006

Sp553-Water - Important For Life, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Health, and Fitness

Water makes up approximately twothirds of the body’s weight and approximately 75 percent of the brain’s weight. Nearly 4 percent of the water in the body is lost through the skin, lungs and through urine and stools each day. This water loss must be replaced continually by beverage and food consumption. Sweating causes greater water loss and increases the need to consume more fluids.

Water loss resulting in as little as 1 percent decrease in body weight is called dehydration. Dehydration will reduce the body’s ability to perform physically and mentally. Infants and children can quickly become dehydrated; therefore, it …


Synthesis Of High-Temperature Stable Anatase Tio2 Photocatalyst, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, Michael Seery, Pradeepan Periyat, Steven Hinder, John Colreavy, Reenamol George, Hugh Hayden Jan 2006

Synthesis Of High-Temperature Stable Anatase Tio2 Photocatalyst, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, Michael Seery, Pradeepan Periyat, Steven Hinder, John Colreavy, Reenamol George, Hugh Hayden

Articles

In the absence of a dopant or precursor odification, anatase to rutile transformation in synthetic TiO2 sually ccurs at a temperature of 600 700 °C. Conventionally, metal oxide dopants (e.g., Al2O3 nd SiO2 are used o tune the anatase to rutile transformation. A simple methodology is reported here to extend the anatase utile transformation by employing various concentrations of urea. XRD and Raman spectroscopy were used uring thermal treatment. A significantly higher anatase phase (97%) as been obtained at 800 C with use of a 1:1 Ti(OPr)4 urea composition and 11% anatase composition is etained even after calcining …


Monte Carlo Simulation Of Electromagnetic Interactions Of Radiation With Liquid Water In The Framework Of The Geant4 Dna Project, S Chauvie, Z Francis, S Guatelli, S Incerti, B Mascialino, G Montarou, P Nieminen, M G. Pia Jan 2006

Monte Carlo Simulation Of Electromagnetic Interactions Of Radiation With Liquid Water In The Framework Of The Geant4 Dna Project, S Chauvie, Z Francis, S Guatelli, S Incerti, B Mascialino, G Montarou, P Nieminen, M G. Pia

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A set of processes specialized for the simulation of particle interactions with water has been developed in the Geant4 Low Energy Electromagnetic package. The models cover the interactions of electrons, protons and light ions down to the electronvolt energy scale. They address a physics domain relevant to the simulation of radiation effects in biological systems, where water represents an important component. The software design, the physics models implemented and an overview of their tests are described.


Critical Risk Points Of Nanofiltration And Reverse Osmosis Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer Jan 2006

Critical Risk Points Of Nanofiltration And Reverse Osmosis Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer

Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)

NF/RO membrane filtration processes have been recognized as an important technology to facilitate water recycling. Those processes are well-proven technologies, which can be used to remove a wide range of contaminants including trace contaminants that are of particular concern in water recycling. However, risk implications in association with brine or concentrate and membrane cleaning wastewater disposal have to date not been adequately understood. This study examines the adsorption and release process of several endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during NF/RO filtration processes. Results reported here indicate that the membrane can serve as a large reservoir for EDCs and their release may be …


Towards An Art And Science Of Decision Aiding For Water Management And Planning: A Participatory Modelling Process, Katherine A. Daniell, Ian White, Nils Ferrand, Alexis Tsoukias, Stewart Burn, Pascal Perez Jan 2006

Towards An Art And Science Of Decision Aiding For Water Management And Planning: A Participatory Modelling Process, Katherine A. Daniell, Ian White, Nils Ferrand, Alexis Tsoukias, Stewart Burn, Pascal Perez

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Planning and management of water resources are faced with increasingly high levels of complexity, uncertainty and conflict. Traditional technical and top-down management strategies have proved inadequate, forcing a move to more "integrated" forms of management, planning and decision making that can include stakeholders and communities, as well as technical experts and policy makers. These integrated forms of management require not only good technical or scientific ability, but a range of "art-like" skills including communication, creativity and the capacity to acknowledge and integrate diverse points of view. However, processes designed to aid such inter-organisational or multi-stakeholder decisionmaking are rare and in …


Natural Areas, Regions, And Two Centuries Of Environmental Change On The Great Plains, David J. Wishart Jan 2006

Natural Areas, Regions, And Two Centuries Of Environmental Change On The Great Plains, David J. Wishart

Great Plains Quarterly

A careful reading of recent issues of the Natural Areas Journal, the publication of the Natural Areas Association, will leave you with the conclusion that humans are not a part of natural areas. When humans do appear, it is either as disturbing agents, disrupting the naturalness through, for example, the introduction of exotic plants and animals, or as managers, enhancing the naturalness through, for example, prescribed burning. This is an explicit and purposeful exclusion: "We can probably all agree," wrote the editor of the journal in 2004, "that 'natural' places are areas where human actions have minimally changed the …


Access And Resilience: Analyzing The Construction Of Social Resilience To The Threat Of Water Scarcity, Ruth Langridge, Juliet Christian-Smith, Kathleen A. Lohse Jan 2006

Access And Resilience: Analyzing The Construction Of Social Resilience To The Threat Of Water Scarcity, Ruth Langridge, Juliet Christian-Smith, Kathleen A. Lohse

All UNF Research


Resilience is a vital attribute that characterizes a system’s capacity to cope with stress. Researchers have examined the measurement of resilience in ecosystems and in social–ecological systems, and the comparative vulnerability of social groups. Our paper refocuses attention on the processes and relations that create social resilience. Our central proposition is that the creation of social resilience is linked to a community’s ability to access critical resources. We explore this proposition through an analysis of how community resilience to the stress of water scarcity is influenced by historically contingent mechanisms to gain, control, and maintain access to water. Access is …