Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

PDF

Iowa State University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 361 - 390 of 1863

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The Rhetoric Of Architecture And Memory Of The Holy Sepulchre In Byzantium, Jelena Bogdanović Oct 2010

The Rhetoric Of Architecture And Memory Of The Holy Sepulchre In Byzantium, Jelena Bogdanović

Jelena Bogdanović

The actual physical appearance of the Anastasis‐Golgotha complex in Jerusalem during Byzantine times is not documented archaeologically. The extent and significance of the Byzantine interventions between the seventh and eleventh centuries, after the destructions by the Persians, from earthquakes, and devastating fire set by the Caliph al‐Hākim in 1009, remain understudied. Presumably, after each destruction the first structure restored for veneration was the major locus sanctus, the Holy Sepulchre. Because it is doubtful that the Byzantines kept records on the architectural design of the Holy Sepulchre, their reconstructions were not based on a definite pictorial scheme, but rather on the …


Use Of A Porous Membrane For Gas Bubble Removal In Microfluidic Channels: Physical Mechanisms And Design Criteria, Jie Xu, Regis Vaillant, Daniel Attinger Oct 2010

Use Of A Porous Membrane For Gas Bubble Removal In Microfluidic Channels: Physical Mechanisms And Design Criteria, Jie Xu, Regis Vaillant, Daniel Attinger

Daniel Attinger

We demonstrate and explain a simple and efficient way to remove gas bubbles from liquid-filled microchannels, by integrating a hydrophobic porous membrane on top of the microchannel. A prototype chip is manufactured in hard, transparent polymer with the ability to completely filter gas plugs out of a segmented flow at rates up to 7.4 μl/s/mm2 of membrane area. The device involves a bubble generation section and a gas removal section. In the bubble generation section, a T-junction is used to generate a train of gas plugs into a water stream. These gas plugs are then transported toward the gas removal …


Artificial Neural Network Modeling Of Ddgs Flowability With Varying Process And Storage Parameters, Rumela Bhadra, K. Muthukumarappan, Kurt A. Rosentrater Oct 2010

Artificial Neural Network Modeling Of Ddgs Flowability With Varying Process And Storage Parameters, Rumela Bhadra, K. Muthukumarappan, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Neural Network (NN) modeling techniques were used to predict flowability behavior in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) prepared with varying CDS (10, 15, and 20%, wb), drying temperature (100, 200, and 300°C), cooling temperature (-12, 0, and 35°C) and cooling time (0 and 1 month) levels. Response variables were selected based on our previous research results, and included aerated bulk density, Hausner Ratio, Angle of Repose, Total Flowability Index, and Jenike Flow Function. Various neural network models were developed using multiple input variables in order to predict single response variables or multiple response variables simultaneously. The NN models were …


Tilapia: Profile And Economic Importance, Kamal Mjoun, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Michael L. Brown Oct 2010

Tilapia: Profile And Economic Importance, Kamal Mjoun, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Michael L. Brown

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Tilapia is the common name broadly applied to a group of cichlid fishes native to Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. Tilapia are some of the oldest cultured fishes, as depicted in line drawings found in Egyptian tombs that date back to 2000 BC. This group consists of three economically important genera, which are taxonomically distinguished according to their reproductive behaviors: Tilapia, Oreochromis, and Sarotherodon, all are commonly known as “tilapia.” Tilapia are biparental caring-substrate spawners; Oreochromis are generally maternal mouth brooders; and Sarotherodon are generally paternal or biparental mouth brooders. Currently, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; fig. 1) and …


Tilapia: Environmental Biology And Nutritional Requirements, Kamal Mjoun, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Michael L. Brown Oct 2010

Tilapia: Environmental Biology And Nutritional Requirements, Kamal Mjoun, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Michael L. Brown

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Tilapia is one of the most widely cultured fish in the world. Currently, farmed tilapia represents more than 75% of world tilapia production (FAO, 2009), and this contribution has been exponentially growing in recent years. Several factors have contributed to the rapid global growth of tilapia. Tilapia are easily cultured and highly adaptable to a wide range of environmental conditions. Tilapia feed on a wide variety of dietary sources, including phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplanktons, larval fish, and detritus. Adult tilapia are principally herbivorous but readily adapt to complete commercial diets based on plant and animal protein sources. In the United States, …


Can Segmented Flow Enhance Heat Transfer In Microchannel Heat Sinks?, Amy Rachel Betz, Daniel Attinger Sep 2010

Can Segmented Flow Enhance Heat Transfer In Microchannel Heat Sinks?, Amy Rachel Betz, Daniel Attinger

Daniel Attinger

Liquid cooling is an efficient way to remove heat fluxes with magnitudes up to 10,000 W/cm2. One limitation of current single-phase microchannel heat sinks is the relatively low Nusselt number, due to laminar flow. In this work, we experimentally investigate how to enhance the Nusselt number with the introduction of segmented flow. The segmented flow pattern was created by the periodic injection of air bubbles through a T-junction into water-filled channels. We designed a polycarbonate heat sink consisting of an array of seven parallel microchannels each with a square cross-section 500 μm wide. We show that segmented flow increases the …


Genetic Analysis Of The Federally Endangered Winged Mapleleaf Mussel To Aid Proposed Re-Introduction Efforts, Kevin J. Roe Sep 2010

Genetic Analysis Of The Federally Endangered Winged Mapleleaf Mussel To Aid Proposed Re-Introduction Efforts, Kevin J. Roe

Kevin J. Roe

The winged mapleleaf, Quadrula fragosa, historically occurred in the Mississippi, Tennessee, Ohio, and Cumberland river drainages, but has suffered severe population and range reductions. At the time that the species was federally listed as endangered, its range was thought to have been reduced to a stretch of the St. Croix River between northwestern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota. Recently, morphologically “Q. fragosa-like” specimens were discovered at sites in Arkansas (Ouachita River and Saline River), Missouri (Bourbeuse River), and Oklahoma (Little River). Subsequently, a plan was proposed to re-introduce Q. fragosa into portions of its historic range where its been extirpated from …


Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Ch4 And N2o Fluxes In Terrestrial Ecosystems Of North America During 1979–2008: Application Of A Global Biogeochemistry Model, Hanqin Tian, X. Xu, M. Liu, Wei Ren, C. Zhang, G. Chen, Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu Sep 2010

Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Ch4 And N2o Fluxes In Terrestrial Ecosystems Of North America During 1979–2008: Application Of A Global Biogeochemistry Model, Hanqin Tian, X. Xu, M. Liu, Wei Ren, C. Zhang, G. Chen, Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu

Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu

Continental-scale estimations of terrestrial methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes over a long time period are crucial to accurately assess the global balance of greenhouse gases and enhance our understanding and prediction of global climate change and terrestrial ecosystem feedbacks. Using a process-based global biogeochemical model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), we quantified simultaneously CH4 and N2O fluxes in North America's terrestrial ecosystems from 1979 to 2008. During the past 30 years, approximately 14.69 ± 1.64 T g C a−1 (1 T g = 1012 g) of CH4, and 1.94 ± 0.1 T g N a−1 of N2O …


Mechanistically Driven Development Of Iridium Catalysts For Asymmetric Allylic Substitution, John F. Hartwig, Levi M. Stanley Sep 2010

Mechanistically Driven Development Of Iridium Catalysts For Asymmetric Allylic Substitution, John F. Hartwig, Levi M. Stanley

Levi M. Stanley

Enantioselective allylic substitution reactions comprise some of the most versatile methods for preparing enantiomerically enriched materials. These reactions form products that contain multiple functionalities by creating carbon−nitrogen, carbon−oxygen, carbon−carbon, and carbon−sulfur bonds. For many years, the development of catalysts for allylic substitution focused on palladium complexes. However, studies of complexes of other metals have revealed selectivities that often complement those of palladium systems. Most striking is the observation that reactions with unsymmetrical allylic electrophiles that typically occur with palladium catalysts at the less hindered site of an allylic electrophile occur at the more hindered site with catalysts based on other …


Bipolar Electrodes: A Useful Tool For Concentration, Separation, And Detection Of Analytes In Microelectrochemical Systems, François Mavré, Robbyn K. Anand, Derek R. Laws, Kwok-Fan Show, Byoung-Yong Chang, John A. Crooks, Richard M. Crooks Sep 2010

Bipolar Electrodes: A Useful Tool For Concentration, Separation, And Detection Of Analytes In Microelectrochemical Systems, François Mavré, Robbyn K. Anand, Derek R. Laws, Kwok-Fan Show, Byoung-Yong Chang, John A. Crooks, Richard M. Crooks

Robbyn Anand

Over the past decade, bipolar electrochemistry has emerged from relative obscurity to provide a promising new means for integrating electrochemistry into lab-on-a-chip systems. This article describes the fundamental operating principles of bipolar electrodes, as well as several interesting applications. The graphic, by François Mavré, shows the principle of operation of a bipolar electrode within a microfluidic channel overlaid on a background image of electrogenerated chemiluminescence from an array of 1000 bipolar electrodes.


Hybrid Rationale For Shared Understanding, David Mott, Cheryl Giammanco, Michael C. Dorneich, Dave Braines Sep 2010

Hybrid Rationale For Shared Understanding, David Mott, Cheryl Giammanco, Michael C. Dorneich, Dave Braines

Michael C. Dorneich

Understanding the reasoning of others is a key aspect to achieving a shared understanding when collaboratively solving a problem, such as the generation of a plan, and recent observations of military planners suggest that it plays a key role in the planning process. An example of rationale is described where a misunderstanding is only resolved by the joint exploration and cross-challenging of the rationale. A prototype tool is described that permits the creation and visualization of the basic rationale via the use of Controlled English (CE). Using the example, the paper explores mechanisms that could potentially make more effective use …


Making Plans Alive, Jitu Pater, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco Sep 2010

Making Plans Alive, Jitu Pater, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco

Michael C. Dorneich

Over the years, researchers have expended considerable effort in attempts to improve military planning, most notably via the provision of automated planning support tools. While there have been some successes (e.g. the DART system which was used for movement planning during Gulf war), planning still remains a very human‐orientated activity with little technical support. Why? A possible reason for this predicament is that researchers have not fully conceptualized the problem that planners face. For instance, a common approach has been to consider planning as a single process or a homogenous set of problems to be solved. Unfortunately, military planning is …


A Conceptual Framework To Support A Multi-Level Planning Capability, Jitu Patel, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco Sep 2010

A Conceptual Framework To Support A Multi-Level Planning Capability, Jitu Patel, Michael C. Dorneich, David Mott, Ali Bahrami, Cheryl Giammanco

Michael C. Dorneich

Over the years, military planning has attracted a lot of attention by researchers with the aim of providing automated planning support tools. There have been some successes (e.g., DART system which was used for movement during Gulf war) however, to-date, planning still remains a very human activity with little or no automated support tools. Why? A possible reason for this predicament is that researchers have not fully conceptualized the problem. For instance, a common approach has been to consider planning as a single process or a homogenous set of problems to be solved. Unfortunately, military planning is not a single …


Interfacial Temperature Measurements, High-Speed Visualization And Finite-Element Simulations Of Droplet Impact And Evaporation On A Solid Surface, Rajneesh Bhardwaj, Jon P. Longtin, Daniel Attinger Sep 2010

Interfacial Temperature Measurements, High-Speed Visualization And Finite-Element Simulations Of Droplet Impact And Evaporation On A Solid Surface, Rajneesh Bhardwaj, Jon P. Longtin, Daniel Attinger

Daniel Attinger

The objective of this work is to investigate the coupling of fluid dynamics, heat transfer and mass transfer during the impact and evaporation of droplets on a heated solid substrate. A laser-based thermoreflectance method is used to measure the temperature at the solid–liquid interface, with a time and space resolution of 100 μs and 20 μm, respectively. Isopropanol droplets with micro- and nanoliter volumes are considered. A finite-element model is used to simulate the transient fluid dynamics and heat transfer during the droplet deposition process, considering the dynamics of wetting as well as Laplace and Marangoni stresses on the liquid–gas …


Tbioptions Postcard, Debra M. Sellers Sep 2010

Tbioptions Postcard, Debra M. Sellers

Debra M. Sellers

TBIoptions helps people with traumatic brain injury (TBI), their families and caregivers. It links people to services and resources in their local communities to promote successful living.


Tbioptions Brochure, Debra M. Sellers Sep 2010

Tbioptions Brochure, Debra M. Sellers

Debra M. Sellers

TBIoptions helps survivors of traumatic brain injury and their families contact organizations in Kansas to promote successful living. Examples include therapy, personal care attendants, housing, transportation, legal, mental health, and vocational services.


Physical And Chemical Characterization Of Fuel Ethanol Coproducts Relevant To Value-Added Uses, Rumela Bhadra, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan Sep 2010

Physical And Chemical Characterization Of Fuel Ethanol Coproducts Relevant To Value-Added Uses, Rumela Bhadra, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan

Kurt A. Rosentrater

One of the fastest growing industries in the United States is the fuel ethanol industry. In terms of ethanol production capability, the industry has grown by more than 600% since the year 2000. The major coproducts from corn-based ethanol include distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and carbon dioxide. DDGS is used as a livestock feed because it contains high quantities of protein, fiber, amino acids, and other nutrients. The goal of this study was to quantify various chemical and physical properties of DDGS, distillers wet grains (DWG), and distillers dried grain (DDG) from several plants in South Dakota. Chemical …


A Generalized Finite Element Formulation For Arbitrary Basis Functions: From Isogeometric Analysis To Xfem, D. J. Benson, Y. Bazilevs, E. Deluycker, Ming-Chen Hsu, M. Scott, T. J. R. Hughes, T. Belytschko Aug 2010

A Generalized Finite Element Formulation For Arbitrary Basis Functions: From Isogeometric Analysis To Xfem, D. J. Benson, Y. Bazilevs, E. Deluycker, Ming-Chen Hsu, M. Scott, T. J. R. Hughes, T. Belytschko

Ming-Chen Hsu

Many of the formulations of current research interest, including iosogeometric methods and the extended finite element method, use nontraditional basis functions. Some, such as subdivision surfaces, may not have convenient analytical representations. The concept of an element, if appropriate at all, no longer coincides with the traditional definition. Developing a new software for each new class of basis functions is a large research burden, especially, if the problems involve large deformations, non-linear materials, and contact. The objective of this paper is to present a method that separates as much as possible the generation and evaluation of the basis functions from …


Computational Vascular Fluid–Structure Interaction: Methodology And Application To Cerebral Aneurysms, Y. Bazilevs, Ming-Chen Hsu, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, T. Kvamsdal, S. Hentschel, J. G. Isaksen Aug 2010

Computational Vascular Fluid–Structure Interaction: Methodology And Application To Cerebral Aneurysms, Y. Bazilevs, Ming-Chen Hsu, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, T. Kvamsdal, S. Hentschel, J. G. Isaksen

Ming-Chen Hsu

A computational vascular fluid–structure interaction framework for the simulation of patient-specific cerebral aneurysm configurations is presented. A new approach for the computation of the blood vessel tissue prestress is also described. Simulations of four patient-specific models are carried out, and quantities of hemodynamic interest such as wall shear stress and wall tension are studied to examine the relevance of fluid–structure interaction modeling when compared to the rigid arterial wall assumption. We demonstrate that flexible wall modeling plays an important role in accurate prediction of patient-specific hemodynamics. Discussion of the clinical relevance of our methods and results is provided.


全球变化与陆地系统综合集成模拟 ——新一代陆地生态系统动态模型 (Dlem), 汉勤 田, 明亮 刘, 弛 张, 巍 任, 小锋 徐, 广生 陈, 超群 吕, 波 陶 Aug 2010

全球变化与陆地系统综合集成模拟 ——新一代陆地生态系统动态模型 (Dlem), 汉勤 田, 明亮 刘, 弛 张, 巍 任, 小锋 徐, 广生 陈, 超群 吕, 波 陶

Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu

人类社会从陆地生态系统获取生产和生活资料的同时也作为一种干扰形式改变着地气之间的动态平衡。这三个既独立又相互耦合的子系统共同组成了一个复杂的陆地系统。如何深入理解这一系统的过程和机制是人类应对气候变化挑战的前提条件。陆地生态系统模型作为一种集成工具,已广泛应用于全球变化研究的各个领域,但从输入数据到模型结构和过程等诸多方面仍存在很大的不确定性。近年来,随着大气和地面生态观测网络的不断完善以及遥感等空间技术的不断强大,使陆地生态系统模型进一步发展和突破成为可能。新一代多因子驱动的陆地生态系统动态模型(Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, DLEM) 正是在这一背景下 应运而生的。本文旨在介绍DLEM的主体框架、输入输出变量、关键过程、主要功能和特点。


Cation-Specific And Anion-Specific Abraham Model Correlations For Solute Transfer Into Ionic Liquid Solvents, Laura M. Grubbs, Mariam Saifullah, Nohelli E. De La Rosa, William E. Acree Jr., Michael H. Abraham, Qichao Zhao, Jared L. Anderson Aug 2010

Cation-Specific And Anion-Specific Abraham Model Correlations For Solute Transfer Into Ionic Liquid Solvents, Laura M. Grubbs, Mariam Saifullah, Nohelli E. De La Rosa, William E. Acree Jr., Michael H. Abraham, Qichao Zhao, Jared L. Anderson

Jared L. Anderson

Data have been assembled from the published literature on the infinite dilution activity coefficients and gas solubilities of solutes dissolved in ionic liquid (IL) solvents. In total data for more than 1790 solute-IL pairs were compiled. The published experimental data were converted to gas-to-IL and water-to-IL partition coefficients, and correlated with the ion-specific equation coefficient version of the Abraham general solvation model. Ion-specific equation coefficients were calculated for 19 different cations and 12 different anions. The calculated ion-specific equation coefficients describe the experimental gas-to-IL and water-to-IL partition coefficient data to within 0.114 and 0.139 log units, respectively. Reported for the …


The Bending Strip Method For Isogeometric Analysis Of Kirchhoff–Love Shell Structures Comprised Of Multiple Patches, J. Kiendel, Y. Bazilevs, Ming-Chen Hsu, R. Wuchner, K. U. Bletzigner Aug 2010

The Bending Strip Method For Isogeometric Analysis Of Kirchhoff–Love Shell Structures Comprised Of Multiple Patches, J. Kiendel, Y. Bazilevs, Ming-Chen Hsu, R. Wuchner, K. U. Bletzigner

Ming-Chen Hsu

In this paper we present an isogeometric formulation for rotation-free thin shell analysis of structures comprised of multiple patches. The structural patches are C1- or higher-order continuous in the interior, and are joined with C0-continuity. The Kirchhoff–Love shell theory that relies on higher-order continuity of the basis functions is employed in the patch interior as presented in Kiendl et al. [36]. For the treatment of patch boundaries, a method is developed in which strips of fictitious material with unidirectional bending stiffness and zero membrane stiffness are added at patch interfaces. The direction of bending stiffness is chosen to be transverse …


Insect-Damaged Corn Stalks Decompose At Rates Similar To Bt-Protected, Non-Damaged Corn Stalks, R. Michael Lehman, Shannon L. Osborne, Deirdre A. Prischmann-Voldseth, Kurt A. Rosentrater Aug 2010

Insect-Damaged Corn Stalks Decompose At Rates Similar To Bt-Protected, Non-Damaged Corn Stalks, R. Michael Lehman, Shannon L. Osborne, Deirdre A. Prischmann-Voldseth, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Kurt A. Rosentrater

The relative decomposability of corn (Zea mays L.) residues from insect (Bt)-protected hybrids and conventional hybrids cultivated under insect pressure was investigated in two studies. Above-ground biomass, residue macromolecular composition, and stalk physical strength were also measured. In the first decomposition study, chopped residues (stalks and leaves) were used from a corn rootworm-protected (Cry3Bb1) hybrid and its non-Bt near isoline that were grown in replicated plots infested with corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.). In the second study, residue (intact stalk sections) was used from three European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner)-resistant (Cry1Ab) hybrids representing different seed manufacturer/maturity date series, their …


Crosswalk Of Functional And Activity Models: Interpares, Oais, Paim, Tufts/Yale, Harrison W. Inefuku Jul 2010

Crosswalk Of Functional And Activity Models: Interpares, Oais, Paim, Tufts/Yale, Harrison W. Inefuku

Harrison W. Inefuku

In order to determine necessary activities in the pre-ingest, ingest, preservation and access phases of electronic records preservation, the activities in the InterPARES 2 Chain of Preservation (CoP) Model, Open Archival Information System (OAIS) and Producer-Archive Interface Methodology (PAIM) were mapped to determine necessary activities for a Fedora-based electronic records preservation system for the National Library of Medicine, Archives and Modern Manuscripts Program (AMMP). As a published model for the management of electronic records in a Fedora repository, the system model from the Tufts/Yale Fedora and the Preservation of University Records Project (Tufts/Yale) was then mapped to first three models, …


Final Report: Functions And Activities For Acquiring, Preserving And Making Accessible Electronic Records, Harrison W. Inefuku Jul 2010

Final Report: Functions And Activities For Acquiring, Preserving And Making Accessible Electronic Records, Harrison W. Inefuku

Harrison W. Inefuku

Under the direction of Paul Theerman and John Rees, an internship was completed at the National Library of Medicine’s Archives and Modern Manuscripts Program (AMMP) in Summer 2010. The internship consisted of research into the acquisition, preservation and access of electronic records. The deliverable identified in the project description is a report that identifies some existing best-of-breed projects/programs and outlines best practices and tools for acquiring/pre-ingest care of born-digital materials, minimal sets of preservation activities, and access mechanisms within the paradigm of our nascent Fedora repository infrastructure.


Functions And Activities: Acquiring, Preserving And Making Accessible Electronic Records, Harrison W. Inefuku Jul 2010

Functions And Activities: Acquiring, Preserving And Making Accessible Electronic Records, Harrison W. Inefuku

Harrison W. Inefuku

The purpose of this report is to identify activities necessary to acquire, preserve and make accessible electronic records donated to the National Library of Medicine’s Archives and Modern Manuscripts Program (AMMP).


Yield, Quality, And Water And Nitrogen Use Of Durum And Annual Forages In Two-Year Rotations, Andrew W. Lenssen, S. D. Cash, P. G. Hatfield, Upendra M. Sainju, W. R. Grey, Sue L. Blodgett, H. B. Goosey, D. A. Griffith, G. D. Johnson Jul 2010

Yield, Quality, And Water And Nitrogen Use Of Durum And Annual Forages In Two-Year Rotations, Andrew W. Lenssen, S. D. Cash, P. G. Hatfield, Upendra M. Sainju, W. R. Grey, Sue L. Blodgett, H. B. Goosey, D. A. Griffith, G. D. Johnson

Andrew W. Lenssen

Annual spring-seeded forage crops use less water than cereal grains, including durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and may be suitable to replace summer fallow. We conducted an experiment from 2002 through 2006 comparing yield, quality, and water and N use of durum and three annual forages, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), barley interseeded with pea [Pisum sativum L. ssp. arvense (L.) Poir.], and foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] in 2-yr rotations. Durum in rotation with summer fallow and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were included. Averaged over 5 yr, alfalfa had higher forage yield and quality, water use, and N …


Structural, Magnetic, And Defect Properties Of Co-Pt-Type Magnetic-Storage Alloys: Density-Functional Theory Study Of Thermal Processing Effects, Aftab Alam, Brent Kraczek, Duane D. Johnson Jul 2010

Structural, Magnetic, And Defect Properties Of Co-Pt-Type Magnetic-Storage Alloys: Density-Functional Theory Study Of Thermal Processing Effects, Aftab Alam, Brent Kraczek, Duane D. Johnson

Duane D. Johnson

Using an optimized-basis Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker-coherent-potential approximation method, we calculate formation enthalpies ΔEf, structural, and magnetic properties of paramagnetic (PM) and ferromagnetic, disordered A1 and ordered L10 CoPt, FePd, and FePt systems that are of interest for high-density magnetic-recording media. To address processing effects, we focus on the point defects that dictate thermal properties and planar defects (e.g., c domain and antiphase boundaries) which can serve as pinning centers for magnetic domains and affect storage properties. We determine bulk Curie (Tc) and order-disorder (To-d) transition temperatures within 4% of observed values, and estimates for nanoparticles. Planar-defect energies γhklx show that the favorable …


Iridium-Catalyzed Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations Of Racemic Allylic Benzoates, Levi M. Stanley, Chen Bai, Mitsuhiro Ueda, John F. Hartwig Jun 2010

Iridium-Catalyzed Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations Of Racemic Allylic Benzoates, Levi M. Stanley, Chen Bai, Mitsuhiro Ueda, John F. Hartwig

Levi M. Stanley

Versatile methods for iridium-catalyzed, kinetic asymmetric substitution of racemic, branched allylic esters are reported. These reactions occur with a variety of aliphatic, aryl, and heteroaryl allylic benzoates to form the corresponding allylic substitution products in high yields (74−96%) with good to excellent enantioselectivity (84−98% ee) with a scope that encompasses a range of anionic carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles. These kinetic asymmetric processes occur with distinct stereochemical courses for racemic aliphatic and aromatic allylic benzoates, and the high reactivity of branched allylic benzoates enables enantioselective allylic substitutions that are slow or poorly selective with linear allylic electrophiles.


A Review Of Alternatives To Wheat Flour, Shirin Pourafshar, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Padmanaban Krishnan Jun 2010

A Review Of Alternatives To Wheat Flour, Shirin Pourafshar, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Padmanaban Krishnan

Kurt A. Rosentrater

For centuries, cereals have been major food stuffs used all around the world; because of that, there are many different kinds of breads produced from different types of flours. Despite the variety of flours available, there are still many challenges to produce ingredients which maximize nutrient components, and with which healthier breads and other products can be produced. As studies have shown, traditional wheat flour has some nutritional deficiencies (although this is a matter of perspective), which depend on the level of consumption. Additionally, gluten intolerance and Celiac disease are growing problems. The nutritional value of breads can be enhanced …