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Psychology

2018

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Quantitative Forecasting Of Risk For Ptsd Using Ecological Factors: A Deep Learning Application, Nuriel S. Mor, Kathryn L. Dardeck Jan 2018

Quantitative Forecasting Of Risk For Ptsd Using Ecological Factors: A Deep Learning Application, Nuriel S. Mor, Kathryn L. Dardeck

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Forecasting the risk for mental disorders from early ecological information holds benefits for the individual and society. Computational models used in psychological research, however, are barriers to making such predictions at the individual level. Preexposure identification of future soldiers at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other individuals, such as humanitarian aid workers and journalists intending to be potentially exposed to traumatic events, is important for guiding decisions about exposure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a machine learning approach to identify individuals at risk for PTSD using readily collected ecological risk factors, which makes scanning …

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Anti-Muslim Prejudice When Exposed To News About Terrorism: The Roles Of Negative Affect And Psychological Inflexibility, Arthur T. Hatton Sr. Jan 2018

Anti-Muslim Prejudice When Exposed To News About Terrorism: The Roles Of Negative Affect And Psychological Inflexibility, Arthur T. Hatton Sr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, some proposed law enforcement policies intended to prevent terrorism may violate the civil rights of American minorities. These policies include random searches by law enforcement, banning Muslims from entering the country, and refusing to grant asylum to Syrian refugees. Additionally, the rise of ISIS has heightened the salience of terrorism across the world and in the United States. The goal of the high-production videos produced by ISIS may be partially intended to create inter-religious conflict in the West. My study examines the effect of news about ISIS propaganda videos on Americans’ opinions about policies that limit …

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Self-Efficacy - Performance Discrepancies: Examining How Over- And Underestimations Of Ability Progress Over Time, Kent Cooper Etherton Jan 2018

Self-Efficacy - Performance Discrepancies: Examining How Over- And Underestimations Of Ability Progress Over Time, Kent Cooper Etherton

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The current study examined how over- and underestimations of ability progress with increasing experience completing a task. Prior research has demonstrated inconsistent effects when investigating the relationship between self-efficacy and performance at the within-person level of analysis, often theorizing distinct effects of over- versus underestimating one's ability level. Thus, the current study investigated the discrepancy between self-efficacy, one's belief in their capability to accomplish some task, and actual performance levels. The current study replicated findings that self-efficacy converges on performance over time and extended prior research by demonstrating the rate of convergence might be affected by the size of initial …

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Functional Analysis Of Tattoos From An Evolutionary Perspective, Elise V. Neville Jan 2018

Functional Analysis Of Tattoos From An Evolutionary Perspective, Elise V. Neville

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recently, rates of tattooing in the U.S. have surged despite evidence of negative perceptions of individuals with tattoos. Additionally, perceptions appear to vary by target gender, with tattooed women being perceived more negatively than their male counterparts. The purpose of the current research was to examine (a) if perceptions of those with tattoos indeed vary by gender, (b) if tattoos conceivably serve an evolutionary function and (c) if so, do tattoos serve different functions for women and men. An evolutionary approach takes into consideration the purpose an observed behavior may serve for the individual in terms of how it solves …

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Edgar Allan Poe: The Tell-Tale Hero, Michael David Bonifonte Dec 2017

Edgar Allan Poe: The Tell-Tale Hero, Michael David Bonifonte

Scott T. Allison

This chapter seeks to explore Edgar Allan Poe’s heroism, incorporating many of the ideas from recent heroism science to prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that he was not just a gifted yet impoverished writer, he was a bona fide Richmond hero.

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Arthur Ashe: A Hero On And Off The Court, Carlie Q. Blessing Dec 2017

Arthur Ashe: A Hero On And Off The Court, Carlie Q. Blessing

Scott T. Allison

The purpose of this chapter is to offer an analysis of the many reasons why Arthur
Ashe is one of Richmond’s greatest heroes. One definition of heroism, focusing on
the phenomenon’s subjective nature, is that “heroism is in the eye of the beholder”
(Allison & Goethals, 2011), an idea that recognizes that people have their own intuitive
beliefs about what comprises a hero. This chapter offers insights from this subjective perspective, focusing on Arthur Ashe’s courage, dignity, grace, and class.

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John Mitchell, Jr.: The Hero Of Richmond Journalism And Social Change, Josh A. Trauberman Dec 2017

John Mitchell, Jr.: The Hero Of Richmond Journalism And Social Change, Josh A. Trauberman

Scott T. Allison

The purpose of this chapter is to offer an analysis of the events and encounters
that led to John Mitchell, Jr.’s ascendance to heroism. This chapter will
detail the tumultuous times and challenging contexts that led to Mitchell’s
heroism. My goal is to illuminate Mitchell’s heroic journey, during which
he demonstrated each of Allison and Goethals’ (2011) great eight character
traits of heroism. I will also describe the heroic transformative processes
that drove Mitchell’s desire to change himself and the society around him
(Allison & Goethals, 2017). In addition, this chapter will explore Mitchell’s
career development and his steadfast sense …

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Millennials, Heroes, And Villains: The Confluence Of Generational Moral Complexity, Scott T. Allison Dec 2017

Millennials, Heroes, And Villains: The Confluence Of Generational Moral Complexity, Scott T. Allison

Scott T. Allison

This chapter is about Millennial heroes and villains, with emphasis on the people
whom the Millennial generation believes to be heroes and the people whom
this generation believes to be villains. I first
define heroism and villainy, drawing from relevant theory and research in the
burgeoning field of heroism science. I will then describe what is known about
the Millennial generation and about how Millennials are believed to differ from
other generational groups. Next, I will describe social psychological theory and
research bearing on the distinctions among the various generations, from the
Silent Generation to the Post-Millennial Generation. Finally, I …

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Transactions Between Thinness Expectancies And Depression In The Prediction Of Adolescent Weight Restricting Behaviors, Anna Marie L. Ortiz Dec 2017

Transactions Between Thinness Expectancies And Depression In The Prediction Of Adolescent Weight Restricting Behaviors, Anna Marie L. Ortiz

Anna Marie Ortiz

No abstract provided.

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Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Carissa Philippi, Vishal Samboju, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James L.K. Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour Dec 2017

Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Carissa Philippi, Vishal Samboju, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James L.K. Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour

Carissa Philippi

Background: HIV RNA is identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within eight days of estimated viral exposure. Neurological findings and impaired neuropsychological testing performance are documented in a subset of individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural white matter and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are disrupted in AHI.
Methods: We examined 49 AHI (100% male; mean age = 30 ± SD 9.9) and 23 HIV-uninfected Thai participants (78% male; age = 30 ± 5.5) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and rsFC acquired at 3 Tesla, and four neuropsychological tests (summarized as NPZ-4). …

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Psychopathic Traits Linked To Alterations In Neural Activity During Personality Judgments Of Self And Others, Philip Deming, Carissa L. Philippi, Richard C. Wolf, Monika Dargis, Kent A. Kiehl, Michael Koenigs Dec 2017

Psychopathic Traits Linked To Alterations In Neural Activity During Personality Judgments Of Self And Others, Philip Deming, Carissa L. Philippi, Richard C. Wolf, Monika Dargis, Kent A. Kiehl, Michael Koenigs

Carissa Philippi

Psychopathic individuals are notorious for their grandiose sense of self-worth and disregard for the welfare of others. One potential psychological mechanism underlying these traits is the relative consideration of “self” versus “others”. Here we used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neural responses during personality trait judgments about oneself and a familiar other in a sample of adult male incarcerated offenders (n = 57). Neural activity was regressed on two clusters of psychopathic traits: Factor 1 (e.g., egocentricity and lack of empathy) and Factor 2 (e.g., impulsivity and irresponsibility). Contrary to our hypotheses, Factor 1 scores were not …

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Unconditional Love And Evil Stepmothers: How Parents Are Heroes And Villains, Rebecca M. Fischer Dec 2017

Unconditional Love And Evil Stepmothers: How Parents Are Heroes And Villains, Rebecca M. Fischer

Scott T. Allison

In this chapter, I will discuss how parents are biologically driven to protect, care for, and motivate their children to success. These same biological drives may also hurt children, especially in the case of stepparents. Parents face considerable social pressure when deciding how to raise their child. Many parents get trapped in fads and in the idea that there is a perfect way to raise a child – and some ways may indeed do more harm than others. When taking parental fads to the extreme, parents run into the risk of harming their own children. Sometimes parents may abandon their …

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Transcendence Of Trauma.Pdf, Mary-Jane V. Rubenstein Dec 2017

Transcendence Of Trauma.Pdf, Mary-Jane V. Rubenstein

Mary-Jane Rubenstein

No abstract provided.

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Twila Wingrove.Jpg, Twila Wingrove Dec 2017

Twila Wingrove.Jpg, Twila Wingrove

Dr. Twila Wingrove

No abstract provided.

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Troubling Heritage: Intimate Pasts And Public Memories At Derry/Londonderry’S 'Temple', Margo Shea Dec 2017

Troubling Heritage: Intimate Pasts And Public Memories At Derry/Londonderry’S 'Temple', Margo Shea

Margo Shea

High on the east bank of the River Foyle, literally at ‘the Top of the Hill’ at the highest elevation in the city limits of Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, a temple stood briefly. At 72 feet high, it towered over its surroundings, a thin spire mirroring the city’s cathedral steeples on the river’s opposite bank. The sign at its entrance instructed ‘Leave a memory behind, let go of the past and look to the future.’ Memories relinquished would not remain – at least not in their material forms. ‘Temple’ was made to be ephemeral, built to be consumed in flames on …

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Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Vishal Samboju, Carissa L. Philippi, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James L.K. Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour, Rv Protocol Teams Dec 2017

Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Vishal Samboju, Carissa L. Philippi, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James L.K. Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour, Rv Protocol Teams

Robert Paul

Background:HIV RNA is identified in cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) within eightdays of estimated viral exposure. Neurological findings and impaired neuropsychological testing performance are documented in a subset of individuals with acuteHIV infection (AHI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural white matter and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are disruptedin AHI.
Methods:We examined 49 AHI (100% male; mean age = 30 ± SD 9.9) and 23 HIV-uninfected Thai participants (78% male; age = 30 ± 5.5) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and rsFC acquired at 3 Tesla, and four neuropsychological tests (summarized as NPZ-4). MRI for the AHI group was …

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Sophia Leite: Researching The Interaction Between Humans And Computers, Darlene Cronetodd Dec 2017

Sophia Leite: Researching The Interaction Between Humans And Computers, Darlene Cronetodd

Darlene Crone-Todd

During the past two years, I had a wonderful opportunity to meet Sofie Leite through mutual colleagues. Ms. Leite is currently completing her PhD in Biomedical Engineering/Artificial Intelligence at Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto in Portugal. She is a lead researcher on a project related to stacked neural networks at the
Dare Institute in Cambridge, MA. What struck me as most interesting about her past and current work is how the methodology she uses to investigate human-computer interactions mirrors that of the small N, within-subjects designs used in behavior analysis. As our discussions evolved, she graciously agreed to …

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In Memoriam: Remembering Gerald “Jerry” Mertens, Darlene Cronetodd Dec 2017

In Memoriam: Remembering Gerald “Jerry” Mertens, Darlene Cronetodd

Darlene Crone-Todd

There is much written about the history of behavior analysis, and of Jerry Mertens’ role in helping to establish the original Association for Behavior Analysis. The purpose of writing this piece is to provide an overview of my interactions with Jerry throughout the years of our friendship. In so doing, I hope to provide readers with a narrative of who he was, what he espoused, and what kinds of products he left behind. 

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On Terminology: Differential Reinforcement To Decrease Behavior, Darlene Cronetodd Dec 2017

On Terminology: Differential Reinforcement To Decrease Behavior, Darlene Cronetodd

Darlene Crone-Todd

When teaching the use of differential reinforcement schedules to reduce or eliminate behavior, students often struggle with the concepts. At first, I could not figure out why this was, as it seemed obvious that either reinforcing an incompatible or alternative behavior while concurrently placing a behavior to be reduced on extinction, would work. After all, as Skinner pointed out in Science and Human Behavior, differential reinforcement occurs naturally to select and to reinforce adaptive behaviors over maladaptive behaviors in sports, skills, and crafts. This also applies (whether intentionally or not) at the cultural level, and in educational control over various …

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Spotlight On Gaslighting: A Behavior Analysis Of Unethical Behavior, Darlene Cronetodd Dec 2017

Spotlight On Gaslighting: A Behavior Analysis Of Unethical Behavior, Darlene Cronetodd

Darlene Crone-Todd

One term we hear more in our present society is “gaslighting”. This is a popular culture term related to the issue of power and control. The term was made popular by the 1944 movie, “Gaslight”. (Spoiler alert!) In this movie, Charles Boyer plays a scheming love interest to Ingrid Bergman. He originally killed her aunt for her jewels, but was unable to locate them after the murder. He gets away, but takes a long view to eventually obtain them. As part of his scheme, he systematically tracks Bergman’s character down, romances her into marriage, and then begins a campaign to …

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