Digital Commons Network^™

Conceptualizing And Measuring White House Staff Influence On Presidential Rhetoric, Justin Vaughn, José Villalobos

José D. Villalobos

Scholars have debated extensively the impact of presidential rhetoric on public opinion and congressional behavior, but have largely ignored the determinants of what the president actually says. This inattention is partly the result of the difficulty of acquiring systematic observations of presidential speech crafting. We devise a method of quantifying White House staff influence over the composition of rhetoric that captures the multistage negotiations between the president's speechwriters and his policy advisors and provides a framework for future studies on the determinants of presidential rhetoric. We employ our method to study influence over the writing of President George H. W. …

Reflections On… Phase Shifting Under Different Visual Conditions, Gavin Buckingham, David Carey, Arash Sahraie

Gavin Buckingham

When two limbs are moved out of time (i.e. opposing muscle activation at each limb) in rhythmic oscillatory movements, there is a tendency at high frequencies for the movements to synchronise in the temporal domain, resulting in bilateral homologous muscle activation known as a ‘phase shift’ (Kelso, 1984). In an effort to determine the degree with which perception influences this phase shifting behaviour (Mechsner et al., 2001), a mirror can be placed between the hands of participants, parallel to their mid-saggital plane such that the reflected hand appeared in the place of the occluded hand. This paradigm can be used …

Visual Adaptation To Masculine And Feminine Faces Influences Generalized Preferences And Perceptions Of Trustworthiness, Gavin Buckingham, L. Debruine, A. Little, L. Welling, C. Conway, B. Tiddeman, B. Jones

Gavin Buckingham

We compared the effects of adaptation to faces varying in sexual dimorphism of shape on perceptions of the trustworthiness and attractiveness of masculine faces.

Teaching Large Classes, Steffen Wilson, Katherine Kipp

Steffen Wilson

The Handbook of the Teaching of Psychology is a state-of-the-art volume that provides readers with comprehensive coverage and analysis of current trends and issues, basic mechanics, and important contextual variables related to effective teaching in psychology.

Using concise and targeted chapters, written by leading scholars in the field, the volume explores a myriad of challenges in the teaching of psychology and employs a prescriptive approach to offer strategies and solutions to frequently occurring dilemmas. This book is a lively and informative volume that covers the gamut of current topics of interest to all current and future teachers of psychology.

A Randomized Trial To Assess The Impact Of Direct Reporting Of Dxa Scan Results To Patients On Quality Of Osteoporosis Care, Peter Cram, Janet Schlechte, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

Consecutive patients identified as having osteoporosis on screening dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were randomized to: (1) a patient activation intervention consisting of mailing patients their DXA scan results supplemented by a call from a nurse educator or (2) usual care. Three months after the DXA scan, patients were contacted to assess: (1) use of antiresorptive therapy, (2) osteoporosis specific knowledge, and (3) satisfaction with their osteoporosis-related care. A total of 1,035 consecutive patients were screened to identify 422 eligible patients. Of these, 56 patients met inclusion criteria and were subsequently randomized. At follow-up, use of antiresorptive agents was numerically …

Macro Determinants Of Total Factor Productivity In Pakistan, Safdar Khan

Safdar Khan

No abstract provided.

Keeping It "All In The Family:" Does Nepotism In The Hiring Process Really Benefit The Beneficiary?, M. Padgett, Kathryn Morris

Kathryn A. Morris

Conjoint Behavioral Consultation: An Emerging And Effective Model For Developing Home-School Partnerships, Lee Wilkinson

Lee A Wilkinson, PhD

Conjoint Behavioral Consultation (CBC) is discussed as an emerging and effective model of home-school collaboration and shared problem solving. A case study is presented to demonstrate how practitioners can use CBC to deliver high quality consultation and intervention services to students, teachers, and parents in a real world setting. An evidence-based intervention (EBI) was implemented in the context of CBC to enhance the on-task and compliant behavior of a student referred for consultation. Results indicated a significant increase in teacher ratings of behavioral control (on-task and compliant behavior) following consultation. Positive treatment effects were maintained at a 4-week follow-up. Norm …

General Master’S Proficiency Project Guide, Robin G. Gayle

Robin G. Gayle

Night Eating: Prevalence And Demographic Correlates, R H. Striegel, D L. Franko, D Thompson, S Affenito, H C. Kraemer

Ruth Striegel Weissman

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the prevalence and correlates of night eating, the core behavioral symptom of night eating syndrome among adolescents and adults, using two public access survey databases of nationally representative samples.

RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES:

Data were extracted for individuals age 13 years or older who completed food diary data for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (N = 18,407) or the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (N = 10,741). Prevalence estimates were calculated for three commonly used definitions of night eating. Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of night eating: type of day, …

Brain Correlates Of Discourse Processing: An Fmri Investigation Of Irony And Conventional Metaphor Comprehension, Zohar Eviatar, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Understanding Knowledge Effects On Attitude-Behavior Consistency : The Role Of Relevance, Complexity, And Amount Of Knowledge, Leandre R. Fabrigar, Richard E. Petty, Steven M. Smith, Stephen L. Crites

Stephen L Crites Jr.

The role of properties of attitude-relevant knowledge in attitude-behavior consistency was explored in 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, attitudes based on behaviorally relevant knowledge predicted behavior better than attitudes based on low-relevance knowledge, especially when people had time to deliberate. Relevance, complexity, and amount of knowledge were investigated in Experiment 2. It was found that complexity increased attitude-behavior consistency when knowledge was of low-behavioral relevance. Under high-behavioral relevance, attitudes predicted behavior well regardless of complexity. Amount of knowledge had no effect on attitude-behavior consistency. In Experiment 3, the findings of Experiment 2 were replicated, and the complexity effect was extended …

Sentence Comprehension In Autism: Thinking In Pictures With Decreased Functional Connectivity, Rajesh K. Kana, Timothy A. Keller, Vladimir L. Cherkassky, Nancy J. Minshew, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

Risk Factors And Patterns Of Onset In Binge Eating Disorder, R H. Striegel, J L. Manwaring, A Hilbert, D E. Wifley, K M. Pike, C G. Fairburn, F A. Dohm

Ruth Striegel Weissman

OBJECTIVE: The current study examined risk factors in women with binge eating disorder (BED) who began binging before dieting (binge-first [BF]) compared with women with BED who began dieting before binging (diet-first [DF]). It further aimed to replicate findings regarding eating disorder and general psychopathology among BF versus DF subtypes.

METHOD: One hundred fifty-five women with BED completed the Oxford Risk Factor Interview to retrospectively assess risk factors occurring before eating disturbance onset. Clinical interview assessed eating disorder and general psychopathology.

RESULTS: Overall, no significant differences in risk factors emerged between the groups. The BF group had a significantly earlier …

Neural Basis Of Dyslexia: A Comparison Between Dyslexic And Non-Dyslexic Children Equated For Reading Ability, Fumiko Hoeft, Arvel Hernandez, Glenn Mcmillon, Heather Taylor-Hill, Jennifer L. Martindale, Ann Meyler, Timothy A. Keller, Wai Ting Siok, Gayle K. Deutsch, Marcel Adam Just, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, John D. E. Gabrieli

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

An Exploration Of Fraternity Culture: Implications For Programs To Address Alcohol-Related Sexual Assault., John D. Foubert, Dallas Garner, Peter J. Thaxter

John D. Foubert

Focus groups with fraternity men were conducted to assess the aspects of fraternity culture that intersect with alcohol related sexual assault.

Teach Me, But Don't Disagree With Me, Jodi Fisler, John D. Foubert

John D. Foubert

The intersections between civil discourse, cognitive development, student learning, and ideological bias are discussed in the context of the college campus.

Effects Of Two Versions Of An Empathy-Based Rape Prevention Program On Fraternity Men’S Rape Survivor Empathy, Rape Myth Acceptance, Likelihood Of Raping, And Likelihood Of Committing Sexual Assault., John D. Foubert, J. T. Newberry

John D. Foubert

Fraternity men (N = 261) at a small to midsized public university saw one of two versions of a rape prevention program or were in a control group. Program participants reported significant increases in empathy toward rape survivors and significant declines in rape myth acceptance, likelihood of raping, and likelihood of committing sexual assault. Program participants’ scores significantly differed from an untreated control group in several areas. Implications for describing a male-on-male rape to increase men’s empathy toward female survivors and other related attitudes are discussed.

Guiding Principles For University Crisis Management In The Age Of Elevated Terrorist Threats., John D. Foubert, Dallas N. Garner, Catherine Golden, Kara Miller

John D. Foubert

In light of post 9/11/01 realities, we studied the need for retooling crisis management plans on college campuses. A review of the literature, expert interviews, and document analysis yielded several promising practices to be included in recommended guidelines for crisis management plans.

Thinking For Speaking About Motion: L1 And L2 Speech And Gesture, Gale Stam

Gale Stam, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

On Restricting The Evidence Base For Linguistics, C. Iten, Robert J. Stainton, C. Wearing

Robert J. Stainton

No abstract provided.

9. Domestic Violence And Child Protection: Confronting The Dilemmas In Moving From Family Court To Dependency Court., Thomas D. Lyon, Mindy B. Mechanic

Thomas D. Lyon

L2 Learning Motivation From A Sociocultural Theory Perspective: Theory, Concepts, And Empirical Evidence, Tae-Young Kim Dr.

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

No abstract provided.

Goals, Motivation, And Identities Of Three Students Writing In English, Tae-Young Kim Dr., Baba Kyoko Dr., Alister Cumming Dr.

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

No abstract provided.

Motivation And Attitudes Toward Foreign Language Learning As Socio-Politically Mediated Constructs: The Case Of Korean High School Students, Tae-Young Kim Dr.

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

No abstract provided.

Channeling Buzz Or Bucks? Ethical Implications For Marketing, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh, Vahn Knight

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

Too often higher education officials equate successful enrollment management with determining the appropriate financial-aid package, assuming the student matriculates. However, there are competing theories as to why a student may be attracted to a particular college. Could it be the "buzz"? This study examines the relationship between buzz and bucks with respect to enrollment objectives. Research findings indicate that it is not an either-or proposition. Moreover, marketers are presented with an ethical responsibility to safeguard the public.

East Meets West, Or Vice-Versa: Exploring A Hybrid Pedagogical Approach To Global Instruction, Ronald Paugh, Oscar Mcknight, Jun Gong

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

In an increasing multicultural classroom a Confucian-Socratic framework is used to highlight fundamental differences in learning approaches between Eastern and Western cultures. However, educators must also be aware of inherent similarities if best practices are to be gleaned and implemented with ingenuity in the classroom. Therefore, innovations and insights into the qualitative-quantitative continum of contemporary research are offered as an analogue to help build a hybrid model of global instruction. A new Mobius Model of Global Instruction is introduced that emphasizes a multicultural perspective

Philosophical, Psychological & Spiritual Perspectives On Death & Dying, David San Filippo Ph.D.

David San Filippo Ph.D.

This Ebook reviews the philosophical perspectives on death, the psychological perspectives on death and the fears of death and some religious perspectives of death. The philosophic section will review perspectives of death from ancient Greece through modernity. The psychological section will review death, and the fear of death, from the perspectives of psychoanalytic, humanistic, and existentialist theories. The religious section will provide a brief overview of Prehistoric, African, Buddhist, Hindu, Islamic, Jewish, and Christian religious beliefs concerning death and afterlife.

Beyond Affect And Cognition: Identification Of The Informational Bases Of Food Attitudes, Shelley N. Aikman, Stephen L. Crites, Leandre R. Fabrigar

Stephen L Crites Jr.

Two studies were conducted to identify the informational bases of food attitudes. Study I was an exploratory study in which participants indicated the importance of food characteristics and emotional reactions for determining their attitudes toward a variety of foods. On the basis of a series of exploratory factor analyses, 5 informational bases of food attitudes were identified: positive affect, negative affect, specific sensory qualities, abstract cognitive qualities, and general sensory qualities. A second confirmatory study corroborated the appropriateness of this 5-factor structure. Furthermore, the food-specific attitude structure model was found to have better fit than a more traditional attitude structure …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Acute Aerobic Exercise Effects On Neuroelectric And Behavioral Measures Of Action Monitoring, Jason R. Themanson, Charles H. Hillman

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

Cardiorespiratory fitness and acute aerobic exercise effects on cognitive function were assessed for 28 higher- and lower-fit adults during a flanker task by comparing behavioral and neuroelectric indices of action monitoring. The error-related negativity, error positivity, and N2 components, as well as behavioral measures of response speed, accuracy, and post-error slowing were measured following a 30-minute acute bout of treadmill exercise or following 30-minutes of rest. A graded maximal exercise test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness by assessing maximal oxygen uptake. Results indicated that higher-fit adults exhibited reduced error-related negativity amplitude, increased error positivity amplitude, and increased post-error response …