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Articles 31 - 60 of 95
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Tyrosine As A Countermeasure To Performance Decrement During Sleep Loss, Douglas A. Wiegmann, David F. Neri, Robert R. Stanny, Scott Shappell, Andrew M. Mccardie, David L. Mckay
Tyrosine As A Countermeasure To Performance Decrement During Sleep Loss, Douglas A. Wiegmann, David F. Neri, Robert R. Stanny, Scott Shappell, Andrew M. Mccardie, David L. Mckay
Publications
The fatigue and cognitive performance deficits associated with sleep loss and stress have motivated the search for effective nonpharmacological countermeasures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential behavioral effects of tyrosine, an amino-acid presursor to dopamine and norepinephrine, during an episode of continuous nighttime work involving one night of sleep loss.
Infants' Detection Of Synchrony Between Sounds And Pauses In The Movement Of An Object, Linda Alberga
Infants' Detection Of Synchrony Between Sounds And Pauses In The Movement Of An Object, Linda Alberga
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated the development of sensitivity to temporal synchrony between sounds of impact and pauses in the movement of an object by infants of 2 1/2, 4 and 6 months of age. Ninety infants were tested across four experiments with side-by-side videos of a red and white square and a blue and yellow triangle along with a centralized soundtrack which was synchronized with only one of the films. This preference phase was then followed by a search phase, where the two films were accompanied by intermittent bursts of the soundtrack from each object. Twomonth- olds showed no evidence …
Numerical Competence In An African Gray Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus), Irene M. Pepperberg
Numerical Competence In An African Gray Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus), Irene M. Pepperberg
Sentience Collection
An African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus), Alex, trained to label vocally collections of 1-6 simultaneously presented homogeneous objects, correctly identified, without further training, quantities of targeted subsets in heterogeneous collections. For each test trial Alex was shown different collections of 4 groups of items that varied in 2 colors and 2 object categories (e.g., blue and red keys and trucks) and was asked to label the number of items uniquely defined by the conjunction of 1 color and 1 object category (e.g., "How many blue key?"). The collections were designed to provide maximal confounds (or distractions) and thus replicate the …
The Relationship Between Creep Feeding Behavior Of Piglets And Adaptation To Weaning: Effect Of Diet Quality, David Fraser, J. J.R. Feddes, E. A. Pajor
The Relationship Between Creep Feeding Behavior Of Piglets And Adaptation To Weaning: Effect Of Diet Quality, David Fraser, J. J.R. Feddes, E. A. Pajor
Feeding Behavior Collection
Individual variation in creep feed intake and its relation to adaptation to weaning were studied in piglets weaned at 4 wk of age. The animals received either a "low-complexity" creep-starter diet based on corn, barley and soybean meal (12 litters), or a "high-complexity", medicated, commercial diet without soybean meal (12 litters). Diets were fed as creep feed during the 2 wk before weaning, and as the sole diet during the 2 wk after weaning. Creep feeding behavior of piglets was monitored by video recording. Pigs fed the high-complexity diet consumed more creep feed (P < 0.05), tended to gain more during the week before weaning (P < 0.10), and converted feed more efficiently and gained more weight in the 2 wk after weaning (P < 0.01). Use of creep feed varied greatly among individual littermates. Multiple regression analysis showed that on the high-complexity diet, pigs that used creep feed more than their littermates tended to be those with low gains in weeks 1-3 after birth (P < 0.001), and tended to gain more weight during the week before and during the 2 wk after weaning (P < 0.01). The trends were consistent but weaker with the low-complexity diet. However, predictive power was low, with creep feeding accounting for only 4% of individual variation in post-weaning gain on the high-complexity diet and 1% on the low. Regardless of diet quality, therefore, creep feeding remained highly variable and only weakly related to weight gains during the 2 wk after weaning.
Extrapolating Human Probability Judgment, Daniel N. Osherson, Edward E. Smith, Tracy S. Myers, Eldar Shafir
Extrapolating Human Probability Judgment, Daniel N. Osherson, Edward E. Smith, Tracy S. Myers, Eldar Shafir
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
We advance a model of human probability judgment and apply it to the design of an extrapolation algorithm. Such an algorithm examines a person's judgment about the likelihood of various statements and is then able to predict the same person's judgments about new statements. The algorithm is tested against judgments produced by thirty undergraduates asked to assign probabilities to statements about mammals.
Guidelines For Handling Domestic Violence Cases In Community Mental Health Centers, Carol E. Jordan, Robert Walker
Guidelines For Handling Domestic Violence Cases In Community Mental Health Centers, Carol E. Jordan, Robert Walker
Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications
Community mental health centers are becoming increasingly involved in the delivery of services to victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. To help centers plan a domestic violence program and address the risk of liability in treating clients who may be dangerous, the authors suggest principles to guide clinical decisions, standards for service delivery, and standards for staff development.
Analyze Your Data Optimally Using Oda 1.0, Fred B. Bryant
Analyze Your Data Optimally Using Oda 1.0, Fred B. Bryant
Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works
No abstract provided.
Proposed Guidelines And Criteria For Describing Samples Of Persons With Learning Disabilities, Robin Morris, G. Reid Lyon, Duane Alexander, David Gray, James Kavanagh
Proposed Guidelines And Criteria For Describing Samples Of Persons With Learning Disabilities, Robin Morris, G. Reid Lyon, Duane Alexander, David Gray, James Kavanagh
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa, Lori J. Hikiji
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa, Lori J. Hikiji
Graduate Research Papers
The purpose of this paper is to define the term bulimia
nervosa as used in research literature, to present the cognitive and behavioral components of the disorder, and to review major controlled research studies based on Fairburn's (1985) cognitive-behavioral treatment of clients having bulimia nervosa.
Community Adjustment Of Young Adults With Mental Retardation: Overcoming Barriers To Inclusion, Richard F. Ittenbach, Brian H. Abery, Sheryl A. Larson, Amy N. Spiegel, Robert W. Prouty
Community Adjustment Of Young Adults With Mental Retardation: Overcoming Barriers To Inclusion, Richard F. Ittenbach, Brian H. Abery, Sheryl A. Larson, Amy N. Spiegel, Robert W. Prouty
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Movement of persons with mental retardation out of institutions and into community settings is occurring at an ever-increasing pace (Amado, Lakin, & Menke, 1990). State and federal laws have legitimized the basic rights of persons with mental retardation to live, work, and participate in typical community settings. Yet, physical integration is not synonymous with full community inclusion. Numerous barriers remain that serve as obstacles to successful assimilation into community life. For instance, successful social integration depends on attitudinal changes of persons without mental retardation—families, friends, service-delivery professionals, and the general public—toward persons with mental retardation. The way young adults with …
An Investigation Of A Shift In Thought Content In Sexual Dysfunction, Marygrace E. Yale '94
An Investigation Of A Shift In Thought Content In Sexual Dysfunction, Marygrace E. Yale '94
Honors Projects
The present study was an extension of a study by Bruce, Barlow, and Jones (1989), and examined whether a cognitive shift from on-to-off-task thought occurred during sexual arousal, accounting for dysfunctional performance. This study examined the thought content and sexual response of sexually functional (SFs; N = 10) and sexually dysfunctional (SDSi N = 10) subjects during three levels of distraction, (no distraction, first level of distraction and second level of distraction). As hypothesized, under no distraction, SFs exhibited the highest level of sexual arousal and greatest number of on-task thoughts. As distraction increased, SFs showed a decrease in sexual …
The Effect Of Exposure To Glucocorticoids On The Retention Of A Spatial Task In Rats Injected Bilaterally With Beta-Amyloid Into The Hippocampus, Harinie Wijeweera '94
The Effect Of Exposure To Glucocorticoids On The Retention Of A Spatial Task In Rats Injected Bilaterally With Beta-Amyloid Into The Hippocampus, Harinie Wijeweera '94
Honors Projects
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The core component of the plaques is an amino acid named Beta-amyloid (AB). A recent study done by Dornan, Kang, McCampbell, and Kang (1993) reported that bilateral injections of AB along with a subthreshold dose of ibotenic acid (IBO) into the hippocampus significantly impaired the acquisition of a spatial learning task in rats. Dornan et al suggest that the results seen in their study maybe due to AB+IBO working synergistically via NMDA receptors to cause calcium dyshomeostasis. Another way that calcium dyshomeostasis occurs in the brain is …
A Pilot Study On The Use Of Alprazolam-Assisted Exposure And Response Prevention In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Julie A. Reinlasoder '94
A Pilot Study On The Use Of Alprazolam-Assisted Exposure And Response Prevention In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Julie A. Reinlasoder '94
Honors Projects
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavior disorder characterized by recurrent, intense thoughts and repetitive ritualistic acts. Treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder typically consist of either exposure and response prevention or pharmacotherapy. particularly benzodiazepines. Combinations of these two types of treatment could lead to three possible outcomes. First, the combination of exposure and response prevention and benzodiazepines may show no better results than exposure and response prevention alone. Second, combination therapy may result in a better effect than exposure and response prevention alone--the drug will decrease anxiety during exposure without increasing the relapse rate after treatment. Third, combination therapy could have worse …
The Effect Of Premium Offers And Consumer Buying Decisions, Amy R. Parker '94
The Effect Of Premium Offers And Consumer Buying Decisions, Amy R. Parker '94
Honors Projects
Premiums programs are common promotional tools, but have received very little empirical study. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a premium program done by Beer Nuts, Inc. A mail survey was sent to the first 250 respondents to the premium offer. Results indicate that most of the respondents were previous Beer Nuts consumers, would switch brands to receive a premium, would pay more for a product to obtain a premium, will continue to purchase the product after receiving the premium, and will use cents-off coupons. Additionally, results show that the average premium consumer is …
The Implications Of Cognitive Change In The Treatment Of Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia, Lisa M. Nowak '94
The Implications Of Cognitive Change In The Treatment Of Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia, Lisa M. Nowak '94
Honors Projects
This study was an extension of a previous study done by Spiegel, Bruce, Falkin-Gregg, and Nuzzarello (in press), the latter of which tested whether cognitive behavior therapy assisted alprazolam discontinuation in panic disorder patients. The focus of cognitive behavior therapy in relation to benzodiazepine discontinuation placed great emphasis on changing cognitive biases during th~ treatment process. The present study investigated whether groups differed on cognitive factors associated with panic disorder (e,g. catastrophic misinterpretations, sensitivity to bodily sensations, and a feeling of lack of control over emotions and situations) and whether that change predicted discontinuation. The results showed the alprazolam plus …
The Inhibition-Deficit Hypothesis: A Possible Neurological Mechanism For Age-Related Changes In The Formation Of Problem-Solving Set, Elizabeth J. Meinz '94
The Inhibition-Deficit Hypothesis: A Possible Neurological Mechanism For Age-Related Changes In The Formation Of Problem-Solving Set, Elizabeth J. Meinz '94
Honors Projects
In the process of problem-solving, a limiting of possible solutions often occurs which causes subjects to prematurely narrow their problem-solving options. This tendency is called problem-solving set. It is possible that there is an underlying neurological mechanism which regulates this process. It has been shown that the frontal lobes play a role in the inhibition of irrelevant information, suggesting that they may be involved in the formation of set. Because the frontal lobes are suspected to degenerate somewhat with age, the elderly may have less of a tendency towards problem-solving set than young adults. In the current study, set was …
Types Of Stress Associated With The Onset Of Panic Disorder And Social Phobia, Diana L. Johnson '94
Types Of Stress Associated With The Onset Of Panic Disorder And Social Phobia, Diana L. Johnson '94
Honors Projects
The present study examined the association of different types of stress with the onset of both panic disorder and social phobia. Twenty-three subjects who met the DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder and twenty-three subjects who met the DSM-III-R criteria for social phobia were matched on the variables of sex, race, level of education, and time of retrospection. Data related to circumstances surrounding onset were. collected from semi-structured initial diagnostic interviews. Descriptions of the circumstances were then rated and classified by blind independent raters into categories of no stress/stress, conditional stressor/background stress, and evaluation related stress/not evaluation related stress. Results indicated …
Developmental Factors In Visual Search: The Inhibition Deficit Hypothesis In A Feature-Integration Task, Stacy M. Forbes '94
Developmental Factors In Visual Search: The Inhibition Deficit Hypothesis In A Feature-Integration Task, Stacy M. Forbes '94
Honors Projects
One of the most robust findings in cognitive functioning is that the elderly are more easily distracted by irrelevant information. This inhibition-deficit hypothesis may be useful in explaining older adults' deficits in visual search tasks. Treisman's Feature Integration Theory suggests that there are two ways to visually process information: parallel processing, an automatic process that does not require directed attention, and serial processing, which does. This study provides evidence for the role of inhibitory processes (and therefore frontal lobe involvement) in serial, but not parallel search. Six and ten year old children, undergraduate students, and elderly subjects participated in the …
Behavior And Thought Change After A Self-Improvement Program: Studying The Effects Of Environmental And Other Factors On The Transfer Of Training, Jennifer Bernstein '94
Behavior And Thought Change After A Self-Improvement Program: Studying The Effects Of Environmental And Other Factors On The Transfer Of Training, Jennifer Bernstein '94
Honors Projects
This study tested the attitude-behavior relationship and transfer of training on a specific training program -The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. It is a self-improvement program designed to improve. such things as: interpersonal relationships, time management skills, and concentrating only on what one can change. The subjects were 84 BroMenn Healthcare employees signed up to take the training program. Both groups were given a pre-and post-test consisting of four parts: one's behaviors and thoughts (including questions on locus of control), countertraining, and two parts of the Personal Strain Questionnaire. It was found that a low pre-test countertraining score did …
Burnout, Social Support, And Coping In Crisisline Volunteers, Lisa Beal '94
Burnout, Social Support, And Coping In Crisisline Volunteers, Lisa Beal '94
Honors Projects
This study examined the relationship among burnout, social support, and coping in volunteers. In this study, 30 volunteers from Rape Crisis Center of Bloomington, Illinois, anonymously completed four questionnaires: the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the UCLA Social Support Inventory, a coping survey, and a demographic survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory contains three subscales, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. A question is asked on the demographic questionnaire regarding the respondent's perception of the turnover rate among the volunteers of the group. This response was correlated with the three subscales of the burnout measure in order to establish if perception of turnover …
Gender And The Meaning Of Difference: Postmodernism And Psychology, Rachel T. Hare-Mustin , '49, Jeanne Marecek
Gender And The Meaning Of Difference: Postmodernism And Psychology, Rachel T. Hare-Mustin , '49, Jeanne Marecek
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Psychotherapy And Counseling With Minorities: A Cognitive Approach To Individual And Cultural Differences, By Manuel Ramirez Iii, Lisa E. Johnson, Geoffrey L. Thorpe
Psychotherapy And Counseling With Minorities: A Cognitive Approach To Individual And Cultural Differences, By Manuel Ramirez Iii, Lisa E. Johnson, Geoffrey L. Thorpe
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Responding To Sexual Discrimination: The Effects Of Societal Versus Self-Blame, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson, Megan Poole
Responding To Sexual Discrimination: The Effects Of Societal Versus Self-Blame, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson, Megan Poole
Psychology Faculty Publications
While self-blame has been considered to be a useful coping tool for victims, its benefits within the context of group discrimination are equivocal. The present research hypothesized that women encouraged to engage in self-blame for sex discrimination would be more likely to endorse accepting their situation or endorse the use of individual, normative actions. In contrast, women encouraged to engage in societal blame for sex discrimination would be more likely to participate in non-normative actions aimed at enhancing the status of the group as a whole. Female students in Canada were subjected to a situation of discrimination and were encouraged …
In Slime And Darkness: The Metaphor Of Filth In Criminal Justice, Martha Grace Duncan
In Slime And Darkness: The Metaphor Of Filth In Criminal Justice, Martha Grace Duncan
Faculty Articles
An article such as this one, which seeks to examine the labyrinthine chains of meanings that we associate with illegal behavior, cries out for an interdisciplinary approach. Specifically, it demands a source that can reveal our unconscious as well as our conscious associations. Such a source is classical literature -- works of fiction that, by virtue of being read and loved through centuries and across continents, have proven their capacity to strike a responsive chord in their readers. Therefore, in Part II of this Article, I employ the classics, supplemented by occasional examples from contemporary fiction, history, and theology, to …
Competence During Middle Childhood, J. M. Neiderhiser, Shirley Mcguire
Competence During Middle Childhood, J. M. Neiderhiser, Shirley Mcguire
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Nonshared Environment In Middle Childhood, Shirley Mcguire, J. Dunn
Nonshared Environment In Middle Childhood, Shirley Mcguire, J. Dunn
Psychology
No abstract provided.
On The Perceptual Organization Of Speech, Robert E. Remez, Philip E. Rubin, Stefanie M. Berns, Jennifer Pardo, Jessica M. Lang
On The Perceptual Organization Of Speech, Robert E. Remez, Philip E. Rubin, Stefanie M. Berns, Jennifer Pardo, Jessica M. Lang
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
A general account of auditory perceptual organization has developed in the past 2 decades. It relies on primitive devices akin to the Gestalt principles of organization to assign sensory elements to probable groupings and invokes secondary schematic processes to confirm or to repair the possible organization. Although this conceptualization is intended to apply universally, the variety and arrangement of acoustic constituents of speech violate Gestalt principles at numerous junctures, cohering perceptually, nonetheless. The authors report 3 experiments on organization in phonetic perception, using sine wave synthesis to evade the Gestalt rules and the schematic processes alike. These findings falsify a …
Individual Differences In The Cognitive Abilities Of Chimpanzees, Sarah T. Boysen
Individual Differences In The Cognitive Abilities Of Chimpanzees, Sarah T. Boysen
Psychology Collection
No abstract provided.
The Association Between Mood States And Physical Activity In Postmenopausal Obese, Sedentary Women, Robert Albert Carels, Bonnie Berger, Lynn Darby
The Association Between Mood States And Physical Activity In Postmenopausal Obese, Sedentary Women, Robert Albert Carels, Bonnie Berger, Lynn Darby
Psychology Faculty Publications
Mood states influence evaluative judgments that can affect the decision to exercise or to continue to exercise.
Center For Psychological Studies Catalog 1994-1995, Nova Southeastern University
Center For Psychological Studies Catalog 1994-1995, Nova Southeastern University
CPS Postgraduate Course Catalogs
No abstract provided.