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Traditional Career Development Models Lack The African Woman Voice, Bongiwe Hobololo

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Research in careers is increasing, though there is still a paucity of research focusing on the career development of African women. The purpose of this article is to critically review selected theories of career development, critique the methodologies used to generate such knowledge, and recommend a model that is appropriate for the African woman career research. The selected age/ stage career theories examined in this article were tested on different population samples with different backgrounds, using positivistic methodologies. They, therefore, remain decontextualized when transposed directly to the African context. This article submits that expanding extant literature on career development requires …

Intermarried Couples: Transnationalism, And Racialized Experiences In Denmark And Canada, Rashmi Singla, Hema Ganapathy-Coleman

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Despite an increase in interracial or mixed marriages (intermarriages) globally, the experiences of couples in such marriages are generally under-researched, particularly within psychology. Using a cultural psychological framework and qualitative methods, this paper studies the psychosocial experiences of couples in intermarriages. It focuses on four South Asians in ethnically intermarriages in two settings: two Indian-origin men married to native Danish women in Denmark, and two Indian-origin women married to Euro-American men in Canada. Data from in-depth interviews were subjected to a thematic analysis yielding an array of themes, of which this paper presents the two most dominant themes across the …

Hostile And Benevolent Sexism In India: Analysis Across Cultures, Suparna Jain, Manpreet Kaur, Shradha Jain

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Society often fails to acknowledge that gender inequality, or the disparity in status and power between men and women, continues to exist today. However, rising incidents of crime against women and victim blaming by politicians and higher officials in Indian society make it important to acknowledge the rampant prevalence of hostile and benevolent sexism. The present research focuses on benevolent sexism as displayed by participants from India. It aims to assess the prevalence and consequences of Benevolent sexism in India. Cross-cultural studies by Glick et al. (2000) are based on Ambivalent Sexism theory and provide the means of such comparison. …

What We Can Learn About Multiculturalism From Latin American Psychology, Judith L. Gibbons

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Latin American psychology, although greatly under-represented in international journals, can provide important lessons for international psychologists. Mexican psychologist Rogelio Díaz-Guerrero was one of the first to describe would now be labeled an indigenous psychology. Latin American theorists such as Paolo Freire and Ignacio Martín-Baró have provided frameworks for understanding diversity and multiculturalism among groups with unequal power. Only by critical thinking and critical analysis can we understand and challenge disparate conditions. Relatedly, Latin American psychology often focuses on achieving social justice and solving practical real-world problems. Thus, community and political psychology are strengths of Latin American psychology and have made …

Perception Of Expectation States And Teaching Diversity In Higher Education: Insights From A Qualitative Study, Jun Fu, Sue C. Jacobs

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

There are many benefits from fostering interaction among students of diverse backgrounds in classrooms. To enhance students’ potential psycho-social and intellectual development, instructors need to do more than foster group interaction. They need to encourage and teach skills for diverse students to be able to genuinely communicate their differences in knowledge, perspectives, and expectation states. An expectation state is defined as an anticipation of the quality of group members’ future task performances and is shaped by socially ascribed characteristics. Researchers who based their studies on Expectation States Theory found ample evidence that expectation states exert multi-level effects on social dynamics, …

Foreword, Saba Safdar, Catherine Kwantes, Wolfgang Friedlmeier

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

How Shall We All Live Together?, John W. Berry

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

There is probably no more serious challenge to social stability and cohesion in the contemporary world than the management of intercultural relations within culturally plural societies. Successful management depends on many factors including a research-based understanding of the historical, political, economic, religious, and psychological features of the groups that are in contact. The core question is “How shall we all live together?” In this paper, we seek to provide such research by examining three core psychological principles in 17 culturally plural societies. The main goal of the project is to evaluate these three hypotheses of intercultural relations (multiculturalism, contact, and …

Normative Multiculturalism In Socio-Political Context, Colleen Ward, Sara M. Watters, Jaimee Stuart, Johannes A. Karl

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Normative multiculturalism refers to individuals’ perceptions about the extent to which interactions between culturally diverse groups, multicultural policies and practices, and diversity-valuing ideologies are common or normative in one’s society. In this paper, we explore these dimensions of normative multiculturalism as predictors of social connectedness (trust) and psychological well-being (flourishing) in two socio-political contexts: The United States and the United Kingdom. Two hundred and eighty-four residents (143 Hispanics and 141 non-Hispanic Whites) in the United States and 375 (125 British Indians and 250 British Whites) participated in the research. The results revealed that normative Multicultural Ideology predicted greater trust and …

Wiser World With Multiculturalism, Saba Safdar, Catherine Kwantes, Wolfgang Friedlmeier

IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences

A peer-reviewed book based on presentations at the XXIV Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2018, Guelph, Canada.

(c) 2020, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology

Chapter 12: Dementia: Detection, Assessment, And Intervention, Sally Pelon

Books and Contributions to Books

This chapter considers various forms of dementia as well as the assessment and diagnosis process from a uniquely social work perspective. It also explores various psychosocial and practical interventions that may utilized by social workers as they support and assist both those with a dementia diagnosis and their loved ones.

The Need For Emotional Intelligence In The Workplace, Leah Davis

Senior Projects

This thesis explores why emotional intelligence is valuable in the workplace, arguing it helps to create positive employee morale. As our society becomes more diverse, so does the environment of the workplace. These developments place increased demands on employees, requiring skills of social and emotional intelligence to function in newly dynamic work environments. Findings and recommendations emerge from an analysis of peer-reviewed journal articles, literature reviews, books, and case studies from the fields of business and psychology. Results verify that emotional intelligence is beneficial in the workplace due to increased workplace demands, employee morale, and informational diversity. This analysis also …

The Relationship Between Neuroticism, Self-Esteem, And Disordered Eating Attitudes: Examining The Health At Every Size Theory, Liana Cho

Masters Theses

Background. In the modern day treatment of overweight/obesity, conflicting recommendations regarding treatment have been released by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and advocates of the Health at Every Size (HAES) movement. While the AND have indicated their support for self-monitoring practices, such as keeping a food diary or tracking calories, HAES advocates have claimed that these restrictive practices may result in increased disordered eating tendencies and poor self-esteem.

Subjects. The participants for this study included 410 students at Grand Valley State University. Almost 80% of participants were female, and just over 85% of participants identified as white. …

Trauma Therapy And The Need For Cross Cultural Competence, Marijke Sommer

Honors Projects

This project addresses the relevance of cross cultural competence for work in trauma therapy. I begin with a review of the literature on approaches to trauma therapy, identifying similarities and differences in key approaches, and comparing outcomes where that information is available. I then review a variety of cross cultural variations in mental health conditions and symptoms, attempting to roughly position each within the ethnic group or groups in which the variation is mostly likely to be found. Finally, I review the very small existing literature examining the impact of culturally sensitive approaches to trauma therapy in several non-Western ethnic …

Contemporary Civil War In Northern Ireland, The Long-Term Effects On Children, And Resulting Interventions, Danielle Bolden

Honors Projects

This paper examines the consequences of violent civil conflict for children, including academic inequality, increased behavior problems, and increased mental health disorders, as well as the interventions directly related. Focusing on The Troubles, a brief history of the conflict in Northern Ireland is presented along with theories about the causes, then the consequences of The Troubles are compared to the consequences of other civil conflicts. The interventions in Northern Ireland include integrated schools and housing, community programs revolved around open dialogues that encourage participation from both Catholic and Protestant members, and widely available mental health services. I conclude interventions like …

An Evaluation Of Traditional And Non-Traditional Psychopharmacological Treatments For Major Depression, Makayla Sanchez

Honors Projects

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses within society today, with overarching effects in the social, personal, and professional lives of millions of individuals who are suffering. The typical treatment for major depression is often a prescription of an antidepressant, either exclusively or combined with another form of treatment, such as psychotherapy. The intended effect is to increase levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine within the brain to regulate mood and emotion. While this treatment is effective for some patients, not all find relief. Exploring and extending research into other substances that effect the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) …

Mutual Perception And Relational Strategies Of Hindus And Muslims In India, Shabana Bano, R. C. Mishra, R. C. Tripathi

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The present study examines mutual perception and relational strategies of the Hindu and Muslim groups in the cultural context of India by focusing on religion-based “othering.” A sample of 264 participants belonging to Hindu and Muslim groups was studied in Varanasi City. An instrument developed and used in an international project was adapted and given to participants (age range 20–60 years) for measuring their relational strategies, mutual perceptions and perceived discriminations. The findings revealed the ‘Coexistence’ relational strategy to be strongly placed in both Muslim and Hindu participants. Both ‘Integration’ and ‘Assimilation’ strategies were stronger in Muslim participants than in …

Teaching Cultural Competence: A Comparison Of Outcomes Between In-Class And Study Abroad Programs, Sawa Senzaki, Michelle Mcchesney, Annemarie Schwery, Taylor Steele

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study examined whether students develop cultural competence in classrooms and study abroad programs by comparing three groups of students: students in a Cross-Cultural Human Development Class (CCHD), Study Abroad programs (SA), and the control group. Participants were 106 undergraduate students from a predominantly White institution in the United States. CCHD students took a semester-long course in culture and human development, and SA students attended a short-term study abroad program. Students took pre- and post-surveys to examine their cultural competence skills. The results demonstrated that the cultural competence skills of the SA students were significantly improved after the program. CCHD …

Theorizing The Relationship Between Identity And Diversity Engagement: Openness Through Identity Mismatch, Andrea D. Haugen, Stacey M. Rieck, Phia S. S. Salter, Sahana Mukherjee, Michael J. Perez

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Psychological research suggests that engagement with diversity-relevant materials can have a positive impact on interracial relations. However, prior research also suggests that there may be individual differences in how effective exposure to critical diversity narratives would be in facilitating positive intergroup attitudes. The primary aim of this paper is to provide some empirically based theorizing about patterns of group identification and their relationship to effective diversity exposure. In this chapter, we discuss two examples of research that explore for whom engagement with critical diversity activities may facilitate increased perceptions of social inequality. We begin by conceptualizing four race-based identity profiles …

The Implications Of Social Skills On The Formation Of Relationships Between Indonesian Muslims And Japanese, Sachiko Nakano, Tomoko Tanaka

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study aims to investigate social skills adopted by Japanese people in Indonesia relevant to developing satisfactory interpersonal relationships with Indonesian Muslims. Twenty-seven Japanese people living in Indonesia were questioned on coping strategies used to overcome interpersonal difficulties (Nakano & Tanaka, 2016, July) and behaviors used to form satisfactory relationships. The results indicated that the subjects used two coping strategies: (1) cognitive, which involves understanding and tolerating cultural and religious characteristics or differences; and (2) behavioral, which involves accommodating one’s behavior to characteristics and differences, observation, and mimicry. It was also revealed that three specific skills are needed: …

Polish-French Bilingualism And Bicultural Identity: Cross-Cultural Studies On Immigrants In France And Belgium, And French Language Students In Poland, Łukasz K. Kmiotek, Joanna M. Kwiatowska, Paweł Boski

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In the present study, the authors applied the Cultural Values and Script Questionnaire, together with language measures (bidirectional translation, listening comprehension tasks), to explore the relationship between Polish-French bilinguality and bicultural identity among Polish migrants in France and Belgium and students learning French at a Polish University. We hypothesized that the Francophone acculturative context will lead to (i) integrated bicultural identity, as well as (ii) a balanced bilingual profile. Thirdly, we assumed there is a link between an individual’s bicultural identity and his or her bilinguality. The data partially confirm the two first hypotheses. An unexpected contrast effect revealed that …

An Indigenous Measure Of Social Desirability Across Non-Western Countries, Alejandra Del Carmen Domínguez-Espinosa, Jia He, Mariano Rosabal-Coto, Camelia Harb, Isabel Benitez Baena, Tania Acosta, Catalina Estrada, Carolina Barrios, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver, Pedro Wolfgang Velasco Matus

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Cross-cultural differences in Social Desirability (SD) could be partly due to the nonequivalence of constructs, items, or other challenges of cross-cultural research. We tested to what extent a Mexican, indigenous scale of SD, capturing both positive and negative features of SD, would be useful in other countries. Data were collected in convenience samples in eight countries (Argentina, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Lebanon, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Spain) in order to test the psychometric accuracy and invariance of the factor structure. Values of Tucker’s factor congruence coefficients (gauging invariance) and tests of the similarity of the cross-country similarity of Cronbach’s alpha (gauging …

Effects Of Yoga Nidra On Physical And Psychological Health, Rajnish Chandra Tripathi

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The present study examines the effects of yoga nidra on the physical and psychological health of middle-aged individuals. Yoga nidra is a powerful relaxation and meditation technique derived from traditional yoga. A group of 100 male participants aged 35-45 years from Varanasi City were recruited for this study. They were examined with physical and psychological health measures, and they were then introduced to a training program for practicing yoga nidra. The training program was scheduled for 12 weeks, 5 days a week. The training program was introduced to the participants over approximately 60 minutes in the morning …

‘Team Australia?’: Understanding Acculturation From Multiple Perspectives, Justine Dandy, Tahereh Ziaian, Carolyn Moylan

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

In this paper we explore mutual acculturation among Australians from Indigenous, majority, immigrant and refugee backgrounds. Our aims were: to develop Berry’s acculturation scales for use in Australia and from multiple perspectives and to explore acculturation expectations and strategies from these multiple perspectives. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 38) in Perth, Western Australia. We investigated participants’ views, guided by the two dimensions underlying Berry’s model of acculturation: cultural maintenance and intercultural contact, and models of culture learning. We found that participants had different acculturation expectations for different groups, as well as different preferred strategies for themselves, although most …

Foreword, Minoru Karasawa, Masaki Yuki, Keiko Ishii, Yukiko Uchida, Kosuke Sato, Wolfgang Friedlmeier

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

Cross-Cultural Differences In Interpersonal And Intrapersonal Understandings Of Forgiveness, Sharon M. Flicker, Loan T. T Bui

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Most theorizing about forgiveness conceptualize forgiveness as an intrapersonal process in which negative feelings are transformed into positive ones, with the goal of inner peace for the forgiver. Forgiveness viewed as an interpersonal process, in contrast, focuses on behaviors, such as reconciliation, that lead to the restoration of social harmony. Several studies have demonstrated that the understanding and practice of forgiveness differs across cultures. We examined the hypothesis that North Americans understand forgiveness as more of an intrapersonal phenomenon and less of an interpersonal phenomenon relative to Asians. A sample of 153 participants recruited through Facebook completed an online survey. …

Book: Venture Into A New Realm Of Cross-Cultural Psychology Meditation, Mantric Poetry, And Well-Being: A Qualitative, Cross-Cultural, Cross-Disciplinary Exploration With American Secondary And Japanese Post-Secondary Adolescents, Lunthita M. Duthely, Harashita Y. Sunaoshi, Olga M. Villar-Loubet

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Higher well-being correlates positively with multiple psychological and social outcomes, including workplace success and better academic outcomes for students. Poetry and meditation, independently, have been demonstrated in prior studies to increase well-being in a variety of contexts, including physical and mental health challenges. To our knowledge, this is the only published cross-cultural study that merged contemplative practices and poetry within the well-being paradigm, particularly among general, non-clinical adolescent populations. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the use of meditation and mantric poetry in a cross-cultural, educational context. The materials included The Jewels of Happiness: Inspiration and Wisdom …

Who Cares? Attitudes Of High School Students From Various Countries Towards Global And Domestic Environmental Issues, Kseniya Fomichova, Taku Misonou

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study focused on attitudes of 16 year-old students from six countries towards environmental issues on domestic and global scales. Male and female students from China, Guinea, Japan, Malaysia, Ukraine and Vietnam expressed their level of concern about the following in regard to their country and the world: (a) air quality, (b) drinking water quality, (c) pollution caused by atomic power plants, (d) clearing of forests, (e) extinction of plants and animals, (f) climate change and (g) global disaster. This research focused on gender and cultural variability and invariance under diverse conditions of students’ backgrounds.

The most pronounced intercultural regularity …

Mexicans’ Emotion Regulation Strategies And Relationship Satisfaction By Gender, Sofía Rivera-Aragón, Rolando Díaz-Loving, Claudia Ivethe Jaen-Cortés, Gerardo Benjamín Tonatiuh Villanueva-Orozco, Pedro Wolfgang Velasco-Matus, Luz Maria Cruz-Martínez, Angélica Romero-Palencia

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Vater and Schröder-Abé (2015) found that suppressing expression can potentially interrupt couple communication, therefore producing negative interpersonal behavior and diminishing satisfaction in the relationship. Considering that emotional regulation and relationship satisfaction have shown cultural variations, the object of the study was to assess the relationship of these two constructs in 166 male and 231 female Mexican young adults. Sánchez-Aragón’s (2012) Emotional Regulation Strategies Scale, adapted for couples, and Córtes, Reyes, Díaz-Loving, Rivera-Aragón, and Monjaraz’s (1994) Relationship Satisfaction Inventory were administered to the sample. Negative and significant correlations were found between both expressive suppression strategies and relationship satisfaction. Data is discussed …

International Students’ Integration In Classroom: Strategies And Support By Teachers And Local Students In Higher Education, Simran Vazirani, Carmen Carmona, Jose Vidal, Nerea Hernaiz-Agreda, Inmaculada López-Francés, María Jesús Benlloch-Sanchis

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

European Higher Education institutions often have students from different countries and cultures. This situation, in part encouraged by the Erasmus program, has provided universities with an international character. Institutions have the opportunity to improve by strengthening cultural ties and making cultural diversity a true reality in universities. The present study focuses on examining teachers’ and local students’ support of integrating international students into classrooms, and the way local students build relationships with those students. Using a qualitative approach, two sets of interviews were conducted with Erasmus students and teachers from a Spanish university. In general, results indicate that teachers’ support …

Ethnic Identity And Ethnic Organizations: The Role Of Self-Construal In The Psychological Well-Being Of Migrants, L. H. K. Fente, S. T. Fiske

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

This study attempted to highlight the role of ethnic organizations in maintaining the ethnic identity and self-construals of migrants and see whether such perpetuations were psychologically healthy or not in a contrasting culture. Two groups of migrants of Asian-Indian origin in the USA participated in the study, one group belonging to their respective ethnic organizations and the other group not belonging to any ethnic organization. Results indicated stronger ethnic identity and interdependent self-construal in members of ethnic organizations as compared to non-members. Self-construals were found to be significant moderators in the relationships between ethnic identity and well-being in members of …