Digital Commons Network^™

Understanding Intergenerational Transmission And Frequency Of Ethnic-Racial Socialization Practices Among Racial Ethnic Minority Groups, Ryan Chantz Houston-Dial

Theses and Dissertations

Ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) is a multidimensional concept that can be defined as the transmission of attitudes, beliefs and messages about ethnic-racial group membership (Hughes et al., 2006). To counteract the negative effects of discriminatory experiences, ethnic minority parents proactively impart race-salient messages to their youth. Sociodemographic variables such as regional location has been shown to affect the frequency of ERS messages as well (Thornton et al., 1990). The current study examines ERS practices in 436 African American, Hispanic/Latinx and Asian American parents. This study also explores the concept of intergenerational transmission, in which parents pass on to their own children …

An Examination Of The Prevalence And Predictors Of Drugging Victimization And Drugging Perpetration In A National Sample, Amber Nicole Wallace

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The current study sought to expand the understanding of the nascent phenomenon of drugging, the administering of a drug or alcohol substance to an individual without their knowledge or consent (Swan et al., 2017). Specifically, in this paper, the lifestyle-routine activities theory (L-RAT) is used as a framework to examine what factors may contribute to the occurrence of drugging. Prevalence rates of drugging victimization and drugging perpetration are examined by participant characteristics including gender, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, and by risk behaviors including illicit drug use, marijuana use, and binge drinking. Trait sensation seeking, which has been shown to …

Introvert Personality Labor: A Unique Theoretical Construct That Describes The Effects Of Introverts Existing In The Extrovert Idea, Kathleen S. Hendershott

Theses and Dissertations

The Extrovert Ideal led to a society that has a favorable bias toward extroverts. Classrooms, workplaces, and the general public have been designed with extroverts in mind. Introverts, who make up more than half the world’s population, are forced to act in extroverted ways due in part to the extrovert ideal. Previous studies indicate introvert performance declines when working with more extroverted preferences, like open offices that favor group work, but fail to discuss the acting introverts are forced to do in workplaces created for their extroverted counterparts. The purpose of this study is to present a unique theoretical construct, …

Perceptions Of Quality Of Healthcare Using A Trauma-Informed Care Perspective Among Trauma Survivors, Jane Axelle Komen

Theses and Dissertations

Trauma is an all-too-common occurrence with the potential for several farreaching, deleterious effects both mentally and physically. Several studies have found an association between exposure to trauma and cardiovascular, immune, and musculoskeletal system complications. It has also been linked to chronic pain, cancer, and obesity, in addition to several functional and structural neurological effects. Trauma survivors have also been found to utilize healthcare services at a higher rate than those who have not reported experiencing trauma. Trauma-informed care is a relatively novel concept that has been introduced to increase the sensitivity with which these individuals are treated when attending healthcare …

The Effects Of Introversion And Treatment Delivery Modality On Therapeutic Outcomes In A Community Mental Health Clinic, Maria Olga Consbruck

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The present study examines the effectiveness of teletherapy services for individuals with varying levels of introversion. This study also investigates the comparability of teletherapy to in-person services provided by clinicians in training. Introduction: Virtual platforms, such as teletherapy, have exponentially increased in use by clinicians and community members due to the Covid 19 pandemic. The pandemic has illuminated surprising secondary benefits of teletherapy. Research has shown that teletherapy results in greater accessibility, feasibility, and acceptability of treatment. Teletherapy platforms can reach remote and rural communities, and better address financial and time barriers. Current research indicates that teletherapy services are …

A Preliminary Study Of Perceptions Of Community Hospitals In Cairo, Egypt: Towards Healthy Environmental Design, Veronica Iskander

Theses and Dissertations

Hospitals are a place that people dread and often avoid. Negative experiences in hospitals can contribute to pain and suffering, as well as to stress, loss of control and overall discomfort. While architecture has the power to heal when designed and maintained, it also has the power to harm if not done right. Each architectural element then has the potential to either reduce stress or contribute to it. From the location of the hospital to the colors used, there are many factors that work together to create a safe welcoming space promoting healing for all. In this study, a checklist …

Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Towards Recycled Products, Sherine Esmat

Theses and Dissertations

The work executed addresses the status of recycling industry in Egypt and its relation to the current sustainability trends as well as climate change issues. It also identifies the main concerns of consumers when purchasing recycled products. Consequently, identifies the key pillars that need to be applied or communicated with the target consumers to enhance the concept of selling recycled products and increase its market share. Since this industry is significantly broad, the focus of the study was only on recycled PET plastic bottles (rPET), this is to ensure attaining accurate and reliable results.

An interview and a site visit …

Children And The Cold War: Race & Hypocrisy Amid Fear Of Nuclear War, Richard D. Mctaggart Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

During the Cold War, American propaganda centered the wellbeing of the child in its messaging warning of atomic attack at the hands of the Soviet Union. However, despite American claims that all children were valued by the United States, this was proven untrue by its unequal treatment of Black children.

The Case Of The Disappearing Owner: Do Dogs Show Behavioral Evidence Of Violation Of Expectation?, Rita Kanagat

Theses and Dissertations

The What the Fluff challenge became a series of viral YouTube videos that started in 2018. In the videos, a person stood behind a blanket in a doorway in front of their dog and lifted and lowered the blanket revealing and obscuring themselves, and finally disappearing with a final blanket drop. The dogs’ reactions were varied but were suggestive of a violation of expectation response. We conducted a community science study that employed methodologies consistent with the What the Fluff Challenge paradigm that were conducted in the owners’ homes with their dogs. Each owner was required to run a control …

Socioemotional Functioning As A Moderator Of The Predictive Ability Of The Dial-4 On Academic Achievement, Margaret C. Kammerer

Theses and Dissertations

Student performance on kindergarten screening measures and level of kindergarten-entry skills have been shown to be predictive of subsequent academic achievement, thus making kindergarten screening measures a useful tool that guides the monitoring of student progress over time. Though a commonly used tool to assist in kindergarten placement considerations by educators nationwide, the literature is lacking in studies that demonstrate the predictive ability of the Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning – Fourth Edition (DIAL-4) on later academic achievement. Related, behavioral and emotional functioning has been demonstrated to significantly impact student achievement. While the literature supports the predictive ability …

The Predictive Validity Of The Dial-4 With A Diverse Preschool Population, Lauren M. Pucci

Theses and Dissertations

School readiness refers to continuous, multi-faceted, abilities that develop during early childhood and encapsulate how prepared children are to learn as they enter their first formal school experience (Howard, 2011; Romano et. al., 2010; Stormont et. al., 2015). Children who exhibit greater school readiness skills, such as cognitive, language, and fine and gross motor abilities, prior to the start of kindergarten are more likely to succeed academically throughout their later school years (Ricciardi et. al., 2021; Schachter et. al., 2019; Williams & Lerner, 2019), while children who lack school readiness skills are more likely to demonstrate difficulties throughout elementary school …

Aspects Of The Supervisory Relationship In School Psychology Internships, Julie Cooperstone

Theses and Dissertations

Although extensive research has investigated the role of the supervisory relationship during internship within different fields of psychology, little is known about the nature of the supervisory relationship during the yearlong school psychology internship. The current study investigated the nature of the supervisory relationship in a group of 295 school psychologists, including ratings of working alliance, satisfaction with supervision, and quality of the supervisory relationship, and determined if these constructs could predict of the outcome of willingness to serve as a school psychology supervisor in the future. This study also developed two new measures of satisfaction with supervision that are …

The Association Between Covid-19 Exposure, Secondary Adversities, And Trauma Symptoms In Children, Maddi Gervasio

Theses and Dissertations

Natural disasters include direct exposure and secondary adversities (Chrisman & Dougherty, 2014). For youth, severity of disaster exposure and number of secondary adversities have been found to be positively associated with the severity of trauma-related psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (Giannopoulou et al., 2006). Preliminary studies suggest an interaction between trauma exposure severity and number of secondary adversities in the prediction of psychopathology. Notably, youth who experienced secondary adversities without directly experiencing the trauma exhibited heightened psychopathology (Kar, 2019), yet these children tend to be excluded from studies and missed when identifying children in need of services. …

School-Based Treatment Of Anxiety Among Youth Via Smart Technology, Michelle L. Thirkield

Theses and Dissertations

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for youth experiencing anxiety. While various group-based CBT programs have demonstrated effectiveness for anxious youth, few have integrated SMART technology into service delivery to increase engagement and active learning. The On Second Though (OST) program is a social-emotional learning curriculum grounded in CBT principles. The program aims to teach youth about the relationship between their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in an innovative and captivating manner via SMART technology. This program has demonstrated preliminary effectiveness in treating anxiety in a clinical setting and anger in a school setting in prior research. This investigation …

Examining The Moderating Role Of Executive Functioning On Flooding And Intimate Partner Violence, Gabriella Damewood

Theses and Dissertations

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent, so much so that it has been described as a global public health crisis. Therefore, it is important to elucidate what conditions increase risk for IPV to better understand its etiology. Research emphasizing dyadic and self-regulatory processes may shed light on what differentiates those who perpetrate IPV. Specifically, both emotional flooding and executive functioning (EF) deficits have been implicated with IPV, but it is unclear how these variables may interact in predicting dating aggression. The current study explored how emotional flooding may differentially amplify risk for IPV under varying levels of executive functioning …

Traversing The Jungle: Examining Analogy Use In Psychotherapy, Shari Lieblich

Theses and Dissertations

Analogies are an important tool for supporting learning across many domains. In the context of psychotherapeutic interventions, analogies are often used in psychoeducation and are anecdotally known to be used by clinicians in sessions with patients. However, limited research has examined the use of analogies in clinical training materials, the frequency of analogy use by clinicians, clinicians’ knowledge of analogies, and the effects of analogy use on the therapeutic process. The aim of Study 1 was to investigate the presence of analogies in clinical literature. Results revealed that analogies are commonly included in treatment manuals and textbooks and that the …

Latent Profiles Of Physical Aggression And Prosocial Behaviors In Infancy And Toddlerhood, Annette Schieffelin

Theses and Dissertations

Physical aggression is known to be common and prevelant in infancy and toddlerhood. Individual differences in physical aggression can be relatively stable already in infancy and toddlerhood, and predict a range of negative outcomes later in life. Several studies have identified children who exhibit high levels of aggression throughout their childhood beginning in infancy and toddlerhood. Most research has focused on identifying risk factors associated with such chronic aggression. Surprisingly, there is very little attention paid to the role prosocial behavior plays in the early development of aggression. Yet, some evidence suggests that aggression and prosocial behavior can go hand …

When Crying Turns To Hitting: Examining Maternal Responses To Negative Affect, Brooke Edelman

Theses and Dissertations

Most children exhibit some form of physical aggression in the first years of life, and physical aggression is particularly common in toddlerhood (Hay, 2005; Lorber et al., 2017; Lorber et al., 2019; Nærde et al., 2014; Tremblay & Nagin, 2005). Further, aggression is conceptualized as a byproduct of frustration and related negative affect (Berkowitz, 1989), and early physical aggression is empirically linked to anger (Lorber et al., 2015). The current study is part of a body of research examining early aggression and will explore the mechanisms by which children’s negative affect escalates to aggression in a brief conflict episode. Given …

A Replication Study Of The Factor Structure Of The Attitudes And Beliefs Scale-2: A Measure Of Irrational And Rational Beliefs, Mahdiya Fazel

Theses and Dissertations

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) states that irrational beliefs (IBs) are the core elements that lead to emotional and behavior-related disruptions. IBs are manifested through beliefs people have about how people should, must, or ought to be or act (Sacks, 2004). An example of an irrational belief (IB), is when one must be successful at all things in life, and the possibility of failing in even one is a disaster. On the other hand, rational beliefs (RB) allow people to accept negative situations without viewing them in extremes (Dryden et al., 2010). An example of rational beliefs (RBs) generally is …

Increasing Mental Health Treatment-Seeking In Emerging Adult College-Student Survivors Of Sexual Assault: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Online Intervention, Jessica Huntt

Theses and Dissertations

The prevalence of sexual violence, particularly in emerging adult women, is alarming (Sinozich & Langton, 2014; Smith et al., 2017), and rates of treatment seeking are low (e.g., Smith et al., 2010). Engagement strategies and motivational interviewing have garnered support in mitigating barriers to mental health treatment-seeking (e.g., Lerch et al., 2017). However, young college women often do not seek treatment for symptoms following sexual violence due to additional barriers such as shame and institutional betrayal (Holland, 2019; Logan et al, 2005). Lack of treatment can lead to long-term detriments (e.g., Halpern et al., 2018) and there is little research …

The Impact Of Multi-Modal Training In Rebt On Perceived And Observed Clinician Competency, Jessica L. Weiss

Theses and Dissertations

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a clinical psychotherapeutic intervention that falls under the broad umbrella of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT; Matweychuk et al., 2019). While CBT and the varied models have demonstrated efficacy, a more targeted analysis of clinical competence (Liness et al., 2019), the role of training in a specific model of CBT, such as REBT, and its impact on clinician competency is warranted. From a review of the extant literature in the area, overall, research on the areas of training in DBT, ACT, and CT, and associated clinician competency are to a larger extent greater than that …

Relationships Between Cognitive Abilities And Patterns Of Children’S Classroom Behavior At Age Nine, Seré Elizabeth Politano

Theses and Dissertations

Teacher reports are often used to indicate how well children perform in school and help clinicians identify behavioral problems, such as inattentiveness (Charach et al., 2009). However, various factors may have an effect on teacher ratings of children’s behavior, which can have downstream effects on children’s academic achievement (Teisl et al., 2001). Given teachers play a large role in identifying at-risk youth, it is important to understand how their reports of children’s behavior are associated with childhood outcomes such as cognitive development, which is closely tied to academic achievement (Metcalfe et al., 2013). The present study aimed to identify patterns …

Irrational Beliefs Among Competitive High School Student Athletes: Are They General Or Context-Driven?, Kathleen Everson

Theses and Dissertations

While student-athletes strive for high performance both athletically and academically, and there are a number of variables that can predict performance, understanding the role of unhealthy or irrational patterns of thinking or beliefs as it relates to objective measures of performance has not been readily studied (Turner & Barker, 2013) and even less so among youth. This research examined if irrational beliefs that are context specific to performance settings (academic vs. athletic) are more predictive of academic and athletic performance than those more general irrational beliefs among 30 high-school student athlete basketball players. While both general and context-specific irrational beliefs …

On The Importance Of True Peer Norms In The Assessment Of English Learners: A Validation Study Of The Ortiz Picture Vocabulary Acquisition Test, Jane Yan Ting Wong

Theses and Dissertations

Traditional efforts in aiding English learners (ELs) to achieve better test performance such as modifications to the testing process or the use of native language or nonverbal tests are problematic and disregard the unique language developmental experiences of ELs (Ortiz & Wong, 2022). The Ortiz Picture Vocabulary Acquisition Test (Ortiz PVAT; Ortiz, 2018), an assessment of English receptive vocabulary, incorporates ELs’ proportion of lifetime exposure to English (LEE) in test norms to allow for true peer comparison, thus ensuring test fairness in measurement and score interpretation. The current study aimed to add to the existing validity evidence for the test …

Assessing The Perception Of Two Generations In The Maintenance Of Honor Killing: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Litika Sharma

Theses and Dissertations

Honor killing is a complex social phenomenon arising from system norms that govern family, social unit, and community relationships in countries where it occurs. It is particularly prevalent in communities or societies where it is ingrained in traditions and heritages. Although it is a global phenomenon (Warraich, 2005) found in many South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, South America, and several European countries (Ali, 2008), there has not been any concerted effort to study the phenomenon more systematically. This proposed study is the first attempt to explore more systematically some of the factors that maintain honor killing. To that end, …

Emotion Control, Overreactive Parenting, And Mothers’ Executive Functions, Serah Jaya Narine

Theses and Dissertations

Evidence suggests that mothers’ emotion control difficulties are associated with their self-reported and observed overreactive parenting. Specifically, mothers who have difficulties managing their negative emotions and experience more anger, are more likely to discipline harshly. In addition to this emotional process, evidence suggests that poorer cognitive executive function (EF) is also associated with mothers’ use of overreactive discipline. However, the association between EF performance and overreactive parenting is inconsistent. The purpose of this study is to assess how different EFs may moderate the association between emotion control and overreactive parenting. I hypothesized that (1) mothers’ emotion control would be negatively …

The Role Of Training In Clinical Supervision On Clinician Supervisory Competency And Supervisory Self-Efficacy, Rachel A. Vaughn

Theses and Dissertations

To date, clinical supervision training in professional psychology has focused more on theoretical models for training the supervisee and has been lacking in science. This single-case study investigated the impact of participating in a clinical supervisor training program on supervisory competency and supervisory self-efficacy. Doctoral psychology graduate students participated in a three-month training program. During the training, the students participated in weekly meta-supervision sessions, received monthly opportunities for skill practice, and attended four didactic sessions. Data was collected at four time points. Rating of supervisory competency was measured by self-reports from participants using the Supervision Adherence and Guidance Evaluation (SAGE) …

The Role Of Child Maltreatment On Personality From Adolescence To Young Adulthood, Morgan T. Cohen

Theses and Dissertations

Historically, a defining feature of personality characteristics has been their stability and consistency across time. However, research over the past decade has established patterns of personality change across the lifespan, with the most mean-level trait change occurring between 20 to 40 years old (Roberts & Mroczek, 2009), making young adulthood a fruitful developmental period to study personality change. There are several factors that can influence personality trait change and some literature has suggested that major life events such as childhood adversity can impact the stability and change of personality traits across time. The present study uses two waves of data …

When Do Therapist Characteristics Matter Or Do They?, Han Lim Kim

Theses and Dissertations

This research aims to establish that considerable differences exist between therapists on how much their clients improve in treatment and understand the factors that contribute to such variability. Therapists’ sex, personality, and similarity of their personality with their clients’ personality were examined as moderators of change in treatment outcome. Findings must be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the dataset which make therapists effects hard to separate from client effects. There is variation around the amount of change therapists produce in their clients; however, this variation is much smaller compared to the variance among clients. Female therapists consistently had …

When Equity Is Not Enough: The Serial Mediation Of Teacher Effectiveness And Teacher Job Satisfaction On Educational Equity And Teacher Perceptions Of School Climate, Imena Monet Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The equity of education for African American students, especially from low-income and economically marginalized (LIEM) communities, has been a major topic of debate prior to the Civil War. The purpose of this study was to determine if educational equity has a positive effect on teacher effectiveness, teacher job satisfaction, and teacher perceptions of the school climate. Participants were educators who teach elementary and secondary level students in the Northeastern region of the United States with at least one year of experience (N = 73). Eligible participants accessed the research prompt and survey via an online link using Qualtrics. The study …