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A Gene Expression Profile Associated With Successful Cns Axon Regeneration In Xenopus Laevis, Jamie L. Belrose
A Gene Expression Profile Associated With Successful Cns Axon Regeneration In Xenopus Laevis, Jamie L. Belrose
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: The South African claw-toed frog, Xenopus laevis, is uniquely suited for studying differences between regenerative and non-regenerative responses to CNS injury within the same organism, because some CNS neurons (e.g., retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush (ONC)) regenerate axons throughout life, whereas others (e.g., hindbrain neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI)) lose this capacity as tadpoles metamorphose into frogs. Tissues from these CNS regions (frog ONC eye, tadpole SCI hindbrain, frog SCI hindbrain) were used in a three-way RNA-seq study of axotomized CNS axons to identify potential core gene expression programs for successful CNS axon regeneration.
Tgfbeta1 And Stat3 As Regulators Of The Ha Synthesis And Signaling Pathway, Brenda Goretty Trevizo
Tgfbeta1 And Stat3 As Regulators Of The Ha Synthesis And Signaling Pathway, Brenda Goretty Trevizo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The studies described here explored the role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGFβ1) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) as potential regulators of the Hyaluronic Acid (HA) synthesis and signaling pathway in human mammary cells. Our results support previous findings in which TGFβ1, a well characterized driver of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to regulate HA synthesis and signaling. Interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated HAS2 expression positively correlated with TGFβ1 mRNA expression in breast cancer patients and in breast cancer cell lines. RT-qPCR experiments were used to measure the expression of the …
Body Composition Of Female Collegiate Track And Field Athletes, Adelaide Cooke
Body Composition Of Female Collegiate Track And Field Athletes, Adelaide Cooke
Biological Sciences
The aim of this study is to see if there is a correlation between an athlete's body compostion and the demands of their different track and field events. Track and field is arugably the most diverse when it comes to body types in a single sport, with distance runners tending to be leaner and smaller and throwers more muscular and larger. However, most data collected is not female specfic. Thirty-one female track and field athletes were asked to take part in a series of physical measurements, which included recording their height, weight, percent body fat, and muscle mass. They were …
Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine, A Hyaluronan Synthesis Inhibitor, Slows Triple Negative Breast Cancer Growth, Le Gia Cat Pham
Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine, A Hyaluronan Synthesis Inhibitor, Slows Triple Negative Breast Cancer Growth, Le Gia Cat Pham
Biological Sciences
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with few treatment options and poor outcomes. TNBCs are characterized by elevations in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzyme expression, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) expression and hyaluronan (HA) production. Glutamine is an important substrate for HA production via the HBP. 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) is a well-known glutamine antagonist with validated antitumoral efficacy. This project examined the effects of DON on HA production and energy metabolism in TNBC cells. We examined the effect of DON treatment on Hs578T cells, which represent the mesenchymal stem-like subtype of TNBC. We specifically analyzed the …
Direct Evidence Of Missing Mepsps Using Ca2-Sensor Imaging, Petar Gajic
Direct Evidence Of Missing Mepsps Using Ca2-Sensor Imaging, Petar Gajic
Biological Sciences
Following an action potential in the presynaptic neuron there is evoked release of neurotransmitter into the synapse which activates ionotropic transmembrane receptors on the postsynaptic membrane that cause depolarizations in voltage that get recorded as excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). In the absence of an action potential there is spontaneous release of neurotransmitter that postsynaptically gets recorded as miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials (mEPSPs). According to the quantal hypothesis, postulated by Bernard Katz, the mEPSPs are allor- none changes in potential caused by a single quantum of neurotransmitter, which when added up create EPSPs. Following studies have found that these two modes …
Sensing Ribonuclease H Activity With Dna Nanoswitches, Ruju Trivedi
Sensing Ribonuclease H Activity With Dna Nanoswitches, Ruju Trivedi
Biological Sciences
Ribonuclease H (RNase H) is a damage-repair protein and ribonuclease that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of RNA in an RNA/DNA duplex and breaks down RNA/DNA junctions. It plays an important role in a variety of biological processes including DNA replication, DNA repair, and transcription. It is also pivotal in anti-HIV drug development and the analysis of cellular processes and has been shown to be a potential therapeutic target for various neoplastic diseases. This thesis discusses a unique assay based on DNA nanoswitches to detect RNase H levels and activity. The assay is based on conformational changes of DNA nanoswitches in …
Optical Activation Of Gaba Release From D2-Medium Spiny Neurons, Nurat Affinnih
Optical Activation Of Gaba Release From D2-Medium Spiny Neurons, Nurat Affinnih
Biological Sciences
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) make up more than 95% of the cells in the striatum and therefore represent the main structures for specific information processing in the striatum. MSNs can be separated into two sub-populations based on the type of dopamine receptor they express and their target region. Roughly one-half of all MSNs express D1 dopamine receptors and send information to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and are called D1-MSNs. D1-MSNs are responsible for promoting movement execution. The other sub-population of MSNs expresses D2 dopamine receptors and for this reason, they are called D2-MSNs. D2-MSNs send information to the …
The Brain's Large-Scale Electrophysiological Signals : Fundamental Attributes And Neurosurgical Applications, Mohammad Amin N/A Nourmohammadi
The Brain's Large-Scale Electrophysiological Signals : Fundamental Attributes And Neurosurgical Applications, Mohammad Amin N/A Nourmohammadi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Brain’s electrophysiological signals are most certainly the ultimate source for studying the sophisticated neural network inside our cranium. The unparalleled complexity of these biosignalsis the quintessential manifestation of their underlying complicated neurophysiological processes. Studying brain signals on the cellular level provides valuable information regarding the brain’s electrophysiology on the small-scale. However, it is the remarkable network in the large-scale that gives rise to the brain’s extraordinary attributes and exceptional capabilities—perception, cognition, computation, and consciousness are all the emergent byproducts of the dynamic neuronal interactions on the network level. In this sense, the large-scale electrophysiological signals, recorded from the surface of …
Toxic Trace Elements In Follicular Fluid, Oxidative Stress, And In Vitro Fertilization (Ivf) Outcomes, Celeste Danielle Butts
Toxic Trace Elements In Follicular Fluid, Oxidative Stress, And In Vitro Fertilization (Ivf) Outcomes, Celeste Danielle Butts
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Exposures to environmental contaminants, including non-essential toxic trace elements, may be associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Follicular fluid (FF) envelops the developing oocyte, offering a “snapshot” of the oocyte microenvironment. FF may better estimate trace element concentrations associated with IVF outcomes than more commonly employed blood and urine biomarkers of exposure. Hence, FF concentrations of four widespread non-essential toxic trace elements (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead) were investigated in relation to a spectrum of IVF endpoints in n=56 women undergoing IVF. Antioxidant activity was explored as an intervening variable and dietary exposure sources of non-essential toxic trace elements …
Understanding The Rage Signaling Pathway And Its Contribution To Diabetic Complications, Leon Vegas Ho
Understanding The Rage Signaling Pathway And Its Contribution To Diabetic Complications, Leon Vegas Ho
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The binding of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an important feature of the RAGE signaling pathway that plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Under high glucose concentration, RAGE expression increases immensely from the formation of a Schiff base by glucose bounded to lysine. This triggers an inflammatory and immune response and upregulates the expression of RAGE and causes an accumulation of AGEs in the body. As a result, this leads to the development of diabetes and other complications such as, atherosclerosis, nephrothapy, and retinopathy. To remedy AGE accumulation, …
Molecular Mechanisms Shaping Host Range Of A Vector-Borne Pathogen, Thomas Macgregor Hart
Molecular Mechanisms Shaping Host Range Of A Vector-Borne Pathogen, Thomas Macgregor Hart
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Vector-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), have narrow host ranges and are apt models to study host-microparasite coevolution. Some species and strains of Lyme borreliae (LB) are specialists, infecting only mammalian or only avian hosts (ex. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii, respectively), while others are generalists and infect both hosts (ex. B. burgdorferi). Such host tropisms are hypothesized to be partially shaped by the ability of these pathogens evade host immune defenses, such as complement. Complement is a first line host defense against invading pathogens that kills LB in vitro and inhibits spirochete …
Construction Of A Yeast-Based Rescue System For Screening Of Effects Of Pharmacological Agents On Twik Channels, Mosi Lin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels conduct leak or background K+ currents, which primarily maintain resting membrane potential and regulate cellular excitability. Among the TWIK subfamily of K2P channels, TWIK-1 (K2P1) and TWIK-2 (K2P6) channels are characterized as weak inwardly rectifying K+ channels, whereas TWIK-3 (K2P7) channels do not produce detectable currents in heterologous expression systems. Although K2P channels were first identified in the 1990s, only a few K2P-specific pharmacological agents are available. In this study, I developed a yeast-based rescue system to screen the effects of pharmacological agents on TWIK channels. First, I employed K+-uptake-deficient SGY1528 yeasts that K+ transporters …
Tfap2e/Ap-2e Is A Transcriptional Regulator Controlling Neuronal Identity And Circuitry Formation In The Mouse Accessory Olfactory System, Jennifer M. Lin
Tfap2e/Ap-2e Is A Transcriptional Regulator Controlling Neuronal Identity And Circuitry Formation In The Mouse Accessory Olfactory System, Jennifer M. Lin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Developmental progression is driven by specific spatiotemporal gene expression, which give rise to consistently patterned organisms despite environmental and genetic variation. The specific activation of robust gene regulatory networks that define tissue structure and individual cellular identity are necessary for tissue and cell specific programs to be activated. Cellular specification is guided by the interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic signals at specific developmental timepoints. The molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition and maintenance of individual cellular identity remains a fundamental question across biological systems. Understanding the regulatory networks controlling the acquisition of neuronal identity, diversity, and connectivity in the formation of …
Novel Substrate-Free Cholinesterase Based Sensing Of Organophosphorus Compounds, Hailey J. Marini
Novel Substrate-Free Cholinesterase Based Sensing Of Organophosphorus Compounds, Hailey J. Marini
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The increasing concerns of chemical weapons used by terrorists is growing, creating a need for infield detection methods that can rapidly detect these compounds that are a major health concern for civilians and military personnel. Displacement is a novel concept for the detection of cholinesterase inhibitors, including organophosphorus compounds, that could replace the classical instrumentation methods currently being used for diagnostics.
The Dysregulation Of Circadian Rhythms And Its Relation To Hippocampal Neurodegenerative Disease, John Patrick Mccauley
The Dysregulation Of Circadian Rhythms And Its Relation To Hippocampal Neurodegenerative Disease, John Patrick Mccauley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Circadian rhythms modulate body temperature, sleep-wake cycles and cognitive functions like learning and memory. Interestingly, patients suffering from neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s disease and brain insults like traumatic brain injury experience dysregulated circadian rhythms and learning and memory deficiencies as a symptom. The core molecular machinery that establishes these rhythms relies on the activation of positive and negative transcriptional-translational feedback loops within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Subordinate circadian oscillators distributed throughout the peripheral and central nervous system follow the rhythmic activity of the SCN. One of these, the hippocampus, is mostly involved in regulating memory formation and recall. Experimental …
Biochemical And Chemical Methods Of Key Derivation For Cryptographic Ciphers, Leif K. Mcgoldrick
Biochemical And Chemical Methods Of Key Derivation For Cryptographic Ciphers, Leif K. Mcgoldrick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cryptography is a vital component of digital communication and digital data in general. The use of cryptography is necessary to support the veracity of data and to protect it from outside parties with malicious intent. Cryptography focuses on two main facets that are vital for this goal: data encryption and user authentication. Encryption protects the data by transforming it into an encrypted text that would not allow someone access without having or breaking the encryption method that was used to make it. User authentication is a multiple part process that allows for one to be able to identify oneself to …
Launching The Next Generation : Transcriptional Regulation During Oogenesis, Alicia K. Mccarthy
Launching The Next Generation : Transcriptional Regulation During Oogenesis, Alicia K. Mccarthy
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Germ cells give rise to gametes and link generations by passing genetic information from parent to offspring. Gametes arise from, in many sexually reproducing organisms, germline stem cells (GSCs) which are set aside early during development. GSCs have an amazing capacity to undergo self-renewal to give rise to a pool of undifferentiated cells, while also differentiating to generate specialized germ cells such as haploid gametes. Upon female GSC differentiation, mitotically dividing germ cells can initiate meiosis, and mature within a follicle. During maturation, the specified oocyte is provided with a trust fund of RNAs and proteins for the next generation …
Regulation Of Gene Expression Through Ribosome-Associated Proteins, Clare Margaret Miller
Regulation Of Gene Expression Through Ribosome-Associated Proteins, Clare Margaret Miller
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Translation is a crucial mechanism for generating proteins to carry out cellular processes and for ensuring proper cell functions. Ribosomes are at the center of translation and are complex pieces of machinery. They consist of at least 80 core eukaryotic ribosomal proteins, which are conserved from prokaryotes, and four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs): 18S, 28S, 5,8A 5S. In addition, numerous translation factors aid the ribosome in protein production. While ribosomes are typically described by these core features, they are known to exist in a heterogenous pool with variations in protein composition, modifications of rRNA, and an assortment of non-ribosomal proteins that …
Assessment Of Food Safety Compliance To Federal, State And Local Regulations Within Nys Capital Region Farmers Markets : An Investigation Of Current Facilitators, Barriers, And Future Opportunities To Increase Food Safety, Patricia Ann Miller
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Within the United States there are over 8,000 farmers markets, that sell directly to consumers. New York State has the second-largest number of markets, at 637, with the capital region host to 114 markets. Over the years the selections of offerings have grown to include not only produce but ready-to-eat foods, eggs, dairy products, crafts, beer, and wine. The increasing popularity of farmers markets coupled with inadequate regulatory oversight of these markets, can contribute to incidences of foodborne illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control identified 95 foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States potentially associated with fairs, festivals, and temporary …
Characterizing The Function Of The Sigm Regulon In Mycobacterium Smegmatis, Sarah Montgomery
Characterizing The Function Of The Sigm Regulon In Mycobacterium Smegmatis, Sarah Montgomery
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Secretion systems, which are essential in bacteria, secrete proteins that maintain cellular
Statistical Methods To Unravel Cortical Mechanism Of Perception And Response To Auditory Stimuli, Ladan Moheimanian
Statistical Methods To Unravel Cortical Mechanism Of Perception And Response To Auditory Stimuli, Ladan Moheimanian
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Behavioral responses to auditory stimuli have a critical role in our daily activities. The perception of these stimuli and the generation of appropriate behavioral responses requires the interaction of thousands of neurons in the auditory-motor pathways in the brain. Despite their importance, still many neuroscientific questions about these interactions are remained to be answered. This may result from the limitations of brain recordings as well as statistical methods to analyze brain recordings. In this dissertation, I investigated underlying mechanisms that govern these neural interactions in the auditory-motor pathways using novel statistical techniques applied to the brain recordings from the surface …
Role Of Smad4 Dependent Signaling In Controlling The Functioning And Connectivity Of Basal Vomeronasal Sensory Neurons, Ankana S. Naik
Role Of Smad4 Dependent Signaling In Controlling The Functioning And Connectivity Of Basal Vomeronasal Sensory Neurons, Ankana S. Naik
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Postnatal Development Of The Dentate Gyrus And Episodic-Like Memory, Andrew James Newell
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Postnatal Development Of The Dentate Gyrus And Episodic-Like Memory, Andrew James Newell
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The hippocampus is a critical structure for the encoding and retrieval of declarative memories in humans, including episodic-memories. In rodents the steroid hormone receptor progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus during the postnatal period, a key stage in development of DG cytoarchitecture and connectivity. During the first postnatal week, the main cortical input to the hippocampal circuit, the perforant path, innervates the molecular layer (MOL) of the DG and forms temporary initial synaptic connections with pioneer neurons. By the third postnatal week, long-term synapses have been established with granule cells, the principle neurons …
A Comparative Spatial And Climate Analysis Of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis And Human Babesiosis In New York State (2013-2018), Collin J. O'Connor
A Comparative Spatial And Climate Analysis Of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis And Human Babesiosis In New York State (2013-2018), Collin J. O'Connor
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) and human babesiosis are tick-borne diseases spread by Ixodes scapularis (the blacklegged or deer tick) and are the result of infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti, respectively. In New York State (NYS), incidence rates of these diseases increased concordantly until around 2013, when rates of HGA began to increase more rapidly than human babesiosis, and the spatial extent of the diseases diverged. Surveillance data of tick-borne pathogens (2007 to 2018) and reported human cases of HGA (n=4,297) and human babesiosis (n=2,986) (2013 to 2018) from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) showed a …
The Stromal Response In Salivary Gland Injury, Kevin O'Keefe
The Stromal Response In Salivary Gland Injury, Kevin O'Keefe
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Single-Domain Alpaca Antibodies That Disrupt Ricin Toxin Uptake And Trafficking In Mammalian Cells, Amanda Yee Poon
Single-Domain Alpaca Antibodies That Disrupt Ricin Toxin Uptake And Trafficking In Mammalian Cells, Amanda Yee Poon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ricin is a member of the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family of toxins found throughout the plant and microbial worlds. In its mature form, ricin is a 65 kDa glycoprotein consisting of two subunits, RTA and RTB, joined by a single disulfide bond. RTA (267 amino acids) is an RNA N-glycosidase that mediates the depurination of a universally conserved residue within the Sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) ribosomal RNA element. RTB is a galactose-/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin that facilitates attachment, endocytosis, and intracellular trafficking of ricin in mammalian cells. Following endocytosis, ricin is routed to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and then shuttled to the endoplasmic …
Synaptic Homeostasis At The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction, Andrew Powers
Synaptic Homeostasis At The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction, Andrew Powers
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Synaptic homeostasis is a specialized form of synaptic plasticity that maintains synaptic strength within normal parameters. The synapse must regulate its activity both during growth and in response to repeated stimulation. Much of the study of synaptic homeostasis has focused on presynaptic modifications to the quantal content. There is, however, evidence of postsynaptic regulation as an important form of synaptic homeostasis. To further investigate the ability of the synapse to make homeostatic modifications to its function we utilized the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as our model system. To examine the regulation of excitation at the NMJ during growth we observed …
Haemoparasite Infection And Immunogenetic Diversity In A Clade Of North American Songbirds, Naima Starkloff
Haemoparasite Infection And Immunogenetic Diversity In A Clade Of North American Songbirds, Naima Starkloff
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The persistence of an organism in a particular habitat is mediated by a complex interplay of abiotic and biotic interactions. These interactions become especially complicated for a vector-transmitted parasite as its persistence relies on its ability to colonize both ectothermic and endothermic host organisms. Host factors, rather than environmental factors, have been highlighted as key predictors of the diversity and prevalence of avian haemosporidians (malaria parasites and relatives) globally. The range of a parasite is limited by its host specificity as well as the community of hosts present. In addition, as haemosporidian infections typically have negative fitness consequences on hosts, …
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In addition to the traditional biochemical functions, DNA and RNA have been increasingly studied as building blocks for the formation of various 2D and 3D nanostructures. DNA has emerged as a versatile building block for programmable self-assembly. DNA-based nanostructures have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, molecular computation and macromolecular scaffolding. A variety of strategies have been developed to functionalize these nanostructures. The major advantage is that DNA is a very stable molecule and its base-pairing properties can be easily utilized to control and program the formation of desired nanostructures. In addition, some of these DNA/RNA nanostructures have …
Development Of Small Molecule Antibiotics Against A Conserved Rna Gene Regulatory Element In Gram-Positive Bacteria, Ville Yrjö Petteri Väre
Development Of Small Molecule Antibiotics Against A Conserved Rna Gene Regulatory Element In Gram-Positive Bacteria, Ville Yrjö Petteri Väre
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Bacterial infections and the rise of antibiotic resistance, especially multidrug resistant strains, have generated a clear need for discovery of novel therapeutics. Most antibiotics in use today are derivatives of previous antibiotics to which resistance mechanisms already exist, and traditionally they have a single target: either a protein or rRNA. Gram-positive bacteria regulate the expression of several essential genes or operons using a mechanism called the T-box. The T-box is a structurally conserved riboswitch-like gene regulator in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of numerous essential genes of Gram-positive bacteria. T-boxes are stabilized by cognate, unacylated tRNA ligands, allowing the formation of …