Digital Commons Network^™

10 Inventions On Improving Toolbars: A Triz Based Analysis, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

Toolbar is one among the popular elements of a graphical user interface. The other popular elements of graphical user interface are buttons, menu, scrollbar, dialog box etc., all of which provide easy access to various functions of a GUI system. A toolbar often does a similar function as the menu but with certain differences. A menu has the advantage of holding a large number of items without needing any additional screen space. In contrast, each button on the toolbar permanently occupies some space on the screen. It’s not possible to implement large number of functions through a toolbar, as they …

Inventions On Adaptable Menu: A Triz Based Analysis, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The menu is one of the most widely used elements of a graphical user interface. The objective of a menu system is to provide various commands and functions to the user in an easy way so that the user can just select the desired operation from a given list instead of typing a complex command in the command prompt. In a conventional menu system the menu items or options are hard-coded in the computer program. The programmer or developer composes menu items at the time of development. The developer tries to include all options that he feels may be required …

Seven Steps For Effective Implementation Of Police Information Systems, Venkateswar P. Oruganti

Venkateswar P Oruganti FIETE FIE PMP

Police Information Systems implementation from concept to completion is a unique experience. This presentation highlights typical of the practices and seven steps for effective implementation of Police Information Systems. This presentation is used for a webinar during the 2nd Anniversary of Oracle eGov COE at New Delhi in July 2005

10 Inventions On Key Guides And Keyboard Templates, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

A keyboard has many function keys and each function key can have multiple functions when used with control, shift and alt keys, it is difficult for a user to remember the functionality of the function keys. We need a mechanism to indicate the operations assigned to each function key for different software programs. A keyboard guide or template is used for this purpose.

This article illustrates 10 inventions on keyboard key guide and function key templates selected from US patent database. Various mechanisms of keyboard templates have been proposed, including static, dynamic, manual, mechanical, onscreen display and others.

10 Inventions On Ergonomically Developed Computer Accessories, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The height, shape and habit of every human being are different. In large workplaces, the construction of computer furniture and accessories cannot be of that user. The major made according these peculiarities of every human being. As a result every computer user has to work on standard computer furniture and standard computer accessories that may not match with his physical construction and peculiarities physical problems caused by prolonged computer usage can be categorized as neck pain and stiffness, low back pain and stiffness, and strain of the wrists. These problems are caused by chairs, computer desks, and keyboard support stands …

Inventions On Integrating Pointing Devices With Computer Keyboard, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

A keyboard is the most essential input device for the computer. Although a keyboard contains navigation keys, in most cases we use a pointing device like mouse to operate the cursor. There are many kinds of pointing devices like mouse, track ball, touch pad, touch stick, joy stick and so on each used for different purposes. Although each of these pointing devices have specific advantages, the disadvantages of using all these pointing devices is that they occupy lot of desk space, clutter the table by using several cables and makes the place messy. Many inventors have tried to integrate one …

10 Inventions On Keyboard Key Switch Mechanism, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The key switches of the keyboard of a computer system are generally comprised of a key cap having a plunger, conductive rubber disposed above a membrane circuit and compressed by the plunger to trigger the membrane circuit causing it to produce an electric signal to the computer. Some key switches use springs. Some other keyboards use rubber domes or a dome sheet, which do the function of springs. When the user depresses the key button the spring or domes collapse. The key switch depresses the key stem, which actuates the button on the membrane circuit. When the user releases the …

10 Inventions On Laptop Keyboards, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

A desktop keyboard has several sections like character key section, navigation key section, numeric key section, and function key section etc. each consisting of several number of keys. However, a laptop computer does not have so much of space to accommodate all these keys into the keyboard. There are several considerations while designing a laptop keyboard.

This article illustrates 10 inventions on keyboards for laptop and portable computers. The inventions are selected from US patent database. The inventions try to improve various aspects of a laptop keyboard, such as reducing size, folding and concealing, ergonomic features, improving quality and reducing …

10 Inventions On Special Type Of Keyboards, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

A keyboard is the most important input device for a computer. It is used with various types and sizes of computer. But the same standard keyboard will not work efficiently with different types of computers at different environments. There is a need to develop special keyboards to meet special requirements.

This article illustrates 10 inventions on special types of keyboards. The special keyboard are used in special computers or computers used for special purposes. A special keyboard is to be understood as a keyboard having features beyond a normal keyboard. The example of special keyboards are, a children’s keyboard which …

Keyboards For Inputting Chinese Language: A Study Based On Us Patents, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

As the structure of Chinese characters are very different, it is very difficult to input Chinese characters into computer quickly and conveniently. The conventional keyboard does not support the pictorial characters in Chinese language. There are 3000 to 6000 commonly used pictorial Chinese characters (Hanzi).

There are a few existing systems which include "PinYin" (phonetic) system, a combination of the PinYin system and character form techniques, whole character encoding, stroke input encoding, and stoke form encoding. Each of the methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. This article describes two inventions on inputting Chinese language through a standard keyboard.

Avoiding Repetitive Stress Injuries By Using Ergonomically Improved Keyboards, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

Most conventional keyboards are designed keeping their technical efficiency in mind and not human comfort or ergonomic aspects. This leads to various physical problems by keyboard users and more seriousness to the prolonged users.

The major physical problems caused by prolonged keyboard usage can be categorized as neck pain and stiffness, low back pain and stiffness, and strain of the wrists. These problems are caused by chairs, computer desks, and keyboard support stands that are unsuitable for the particular computer user.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a debilitating injury to the wrist joint which has been frequently attributed to long …

10 Inventions On Collapsible Keyboards, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

Although a bigger keyboard is often comfortable to work with, they cannot be fit into laptop and small size computer boxes. The portable and handheld computers need small size keyboards. So there is a need to reduce the size of the keyboard to fit into the laptop box. There are various mechanisms to reduce the size of the keyboard; collapsible keyboard is one of them.

Although different inventions intend to achieve the same objective of reducing the keyboard size, they all differ in their mechanism. For example, some invention uses a compression mechanism, some invention uses a folding mechanism, and …

10 Inventions On Modular Keyboards, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

As a standard keyboard is quite spacious many inventions try to use the space of keyboard to use for various activities. A modular keyboard is designed in such a way that the components of the keyboard can be attached and detached as per the need. This article illustrates 10 inventions on modular keyboard from US patent database. The objective of these inventions is to make a keyboard modular, so that the same keyboard can be made smaller by detaching some of its components and larger by attaching additional attachments. Some modular keyboards provide slots for external attachments like mouse, telephone, …

Inventions On Reducing Number Of Keys On A Computer Keyboard, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

A computer keyboard consists of several sections and each section consists of several numbers of keys. The text entry section contains the standard character keys, navigation section contains cursor movement and page control keys, numeric keypad contains numeric keys and function keys section contain function keys and special keys. Although the increased number of keys helps smooth interaction with a computer there are situations where it is necessary to reduce the number of keys. The need for reducing number of keys in a keyboard creates a technical contradiction. Generally more number of keys can support more number of functions and …

Inventions On Soft Keyboards, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The soft keyboards are onscreen representation of physical keyboard having alphanumeric characters and other controls. The user operates the soft keyboard with the mouse, a stylus or other pointing device. The soft keys don’t have any mechanical component. The soft keyboards are used in many public places for informational purpose, educational systems and financial transactional systems. A soft keyboard is convenient in some cases where a hard keyboard is difficult to manage. The soft keyboard is a substitute of a physical keyboard and is displayed on the screen. It displays the same type of alphanumeric and control keys like the …

Inventions On Keyboard Illumination: A Triz Based Analysis, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The conventional computers are not usable in dark, as the user cannot see the keyboard to operate properly. But there are many situations where the user may like to work on his computer under low light conditions, such as, during nights, while traveling in flights/ trains having low lights, working in the garden during evening etc. So it is necessary to provide some light to the laptop to operate the keyboard under low light situations.

Luminescence of the keyboard is a desirable feature for portable computers. There may be several methods to illuminate the keyboard, the most crude may be …

10 Inventions On Improving Keyboard Efficiency: A Triz Based Analysis, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

A keyboard is the most important input device for a computer. With the development of technology a basic keyboard does not want to remain confined within the basic functionalities of a keyboard, rather it wants to go beyond. There are several inventions which attempt to improve the efficiency of a conventional keyboard. This article illustrates 10 inventions from US Patent database all of which have proposed very interesting methods for improving the efficiency of a computer keyboard. Some interesting inventions include, adding toolbar buttons on the keyboard, power saving method, keyboard-cooling mechanism, robust keyboard for public use, keyboard enhancement for …

10 Inventions On Keyboard Key Layout: A Triz Based Analysis, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

The standard QWERTY keyboard was developed in the late 1800’s for the typewriters. As people were acquainted with that the same layout was retained for the computer keyboards. Many people feel that the QWERTY layout is not very efficient layout and there have been many inventions on different layouts of character keys.

In order to improve the key arrangement, two major issues should be addressed. (i) The improved key arrangement should offer significantly improved productivity. (ii) The training time for learning the improved key arrangement should be minimized.

This article analyzes 10 inventions from US patent database each of which …

Cross-Language Retrieval For Arabic Texts: The Creation Of An English-Arabic Cross-Language Information Retrieval Environment, Robert N. Oddy, Anne R. Diekema, Jean Hannouche, Grant Ingersoll, Elizabeth D. Liddy

Robert Oddy

An English-Arabic Cross-Language Information Retrieval Environment was created in which the user can query an Arabic database in English and retrieve a set of relevant Arabic documents. The retrieved Arabic documents will be automatically translated into English to facilitate readability by the English language user. Proper names of people, places, and organizations are extracted from the retrieved documents and transliterated from Arabic into English. They are presented to the user and serve to provide a brief summarization of the retrieved document. Another feature of the AIR design is the user’s ability to group searches and search results into what we …

Analyst-Focused Arabic Information Retrieval, Robert N. Oddy, Ann R. Diekema, Jean Hannouche, Elizabeth Liddy, Grant Ingersoll

Robert Oddy

An English-Arabic Cross-Language Information Retrieval Environment was created in which the analyst can query an Arabic database in English and retrieve a set of relevant Arabic documents. The retrieved Arabic documents are automatically translated into English to facilitate readability by the English-only analyst. Proper names of people, places, and organizations are extracted from the retrieved documents and transliterated from Arabic into English. They are presented to the analyst and serve to provide a brief summarization of the retrieved document search query in English. Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), itself a desideratum in the ARDA workshop, is a special case of Information …

Software For Seismic And Vibration Analysis, Raman K. Attri

Raman K. Attri

No abstract provided.

Zum Stand Der Elektronischen Kooperation - Fallstudien, Muster Und Handlungsempfehlungen, Enrico Senger

Enrico Senger

Elektronische Kooperation erlaubt es Unternehmen, sich stärker am Kunden und seinem Kundenprozess zu orientieren. Sie realisiert Geschäftsnetzwerke, in denen alle Beteiligten ein Kundenproblem schnell und umfassend lösen und dafür weitgehend voneinander unabhängige interne Prozessschritte der Beteiligten in gemeinsam definierte und betriebene Kooperationsprozesse integrieren. Die Arbeit untersucht diese neuen, elektronischen Geschäftslösungen, um zu verstehen, welchen Nutzen sie stiften. Die Erfahrungen der Fallstudienteilnehmer zeigen auf, welche Vernetzungsansätze erfolgreich sind und was Unternehmen beachten müssen, um Wettbewerbsvorteile durch elektronische Kooperation realisieren zu können. Ausgangspunkt der Ableitung von Erfolgsmustern und Handlungsempfehlungen ist die systematische Untersuchung von achtzehn kooperativen Geschäftslösungen mit einem einheitlichen, theoretisch fundierten …

E-Commerce Technology For Safe Money Transaction Over The Net, Noor Jahan Haque, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

The Buzz word E-commerce has revolutionized the way the business and money transactions used to work in the past. It is the latest impact of software arena in the field of banking, business and purchasing. The term also refers to online stock and bond transactions and buying and downloading software without ever going near a store. In addition, e-commerce includes business-to-business connections that make purchasing easier for big corporations. This paper mainly concentrates on technology revolution behind the transaction of money over the net. There are still doubts and questions from business and corporate users on the safety aspects of …

E-Commerce Technology Forsafe Money Transaction Over The Net, Noor Jahan Haque, Raman Attri

Raman K. Attri

The Buzz word E-commerce has revolutionized the way the business and money transactions used to work in the past. It is the latest impact of software arena in the field of banking, business and purchasing. The term also refers to online stock and bond transactions and buying and downloading software without ever going near a store. In addition, e-commerce includes business-to-business connections that make purchasing easier for big corporations. This paper mainly concentrates on technology revolution behind the transaction of money over the net. There are still doubts and questions from business and corporate users on the safety aspects of …

Data Communication Software- Role And Functions, Raman K. Attri, Noor Jahan Haque

Raman K. Attri

The shifting of communication systems from analog to digital has introduces a new area of data communication. The core of data communication is Communication software which is the topic of my paper today. In this paper I shall cover following areas: Overview of Data Communication, Role of Data Communication Software, Functional Aspects of Data Communication Software

Software Tool For Seismic Data Recorder And Analyser, Satish Kumar, Raman Attri, B. Sharma, M. Shamshi

Raman K. Attri

Design and Development of software controlled stand-alone instruments has been identified as the most vital component of national and intemational programs on earthquake hazard and risk management. For in depth investigation and studies, the development of precise instruments designed around computer is emerging very fast. Interacing of personal computer with seismic instrument is an important design task. A design technique based on minimum hardware has been worked out around the parallel printer interface of computer. Hardware and Software for this purpose has been designed to make the instrument interact with computer through parallel port interface. Incorporation of software for seismic …

An Application Of Plausible Reasoning To Information Retrieval, Farhad Oroumchian, Robert N. Oddy

Robert Oddy

This work explores the use of plausible inferences as a means of retrieving relevant documents. Collins and Michalski’s theory of plausible reasoning has been modified to accommodate information retrieval. Methods are proposed to represent document contents by logical terms and statements, and queries by incomplete logical statements. Extensions to plausible inferences are discussed. Two versions of the extended plausible reasoning system were implemented, one using dominance weights (described in the paper) and the other using tf. Idf (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency) weights. Experiments were conducted using the titles and abstracts of the CACM collection and it was found that …

Book Review: Reasoning Agents In A Dynamic World: The Frame Problem. Kenneth M. Ford And Patrick J. Hayes, Eds.,, Jozsef A. Toth

Jozsef A Toth Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Discourse-Level Analysis Of Abstracts For Information Retrieval: A Probabilistic Approach, Robert N. Oddy

Robert Oddy

The objective of this research is to contribute to our knowledge of how people seek information, and how computer systems can be designed to help in this process. Most information retrieval research since the field emerged in the 1950's has reduced these questions to that of trying to determine how documents relevant to a user's query might be selected from a large collection of texts---a question that has proved remarkably difficult to answer. The present work takes the stance that this particular reduction increasingly limits progress towards the objective stated above. It is directed instead towards the development of a …

Towards The Use Of Situational Information In Information Retrieval, Robert N. Oddy, Elizabeth D. Liddy, Ann Bishop, Eileen Martin, Joseph Elewononi, Bhaskaran Balakrishnan

Robert Oddy

This paper is an exploratory study of one approach to incorporating situational information into information retrieval systems, drawing on principles and methods of discourse linguistics. A tenet of discourse linguistics is that texts of a specific type possess a structure above the syntactic level, which follows conventions known to the people using such texts to communicate. In some cases, such as literature describing work done, the structure is closely related to situations, and may therefore be a useful representational vehicle for the present purpose. Abstracts of empirical research papers exhibit a well-defined discourse- level structure, which is revealed by lexical …