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- Agricultural Research Magazine (63)
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Articles 31 - 60 of 173
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The Trade And Welfare Impacts Of Australian Quarantine Policies: The Case Of Pigmeat, John C. Beghin, Mark Melatos
The Trade And Welfare Impacts Of Australian Quarantine Policies: The Case Of Pigmeat, John C. Beghin, Mark Melatos
Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications
We analyze the trade and welfare impact of quarantine measures imposed by Australia on imports of pigmeat. In particular, we account for changes to Australia’s pigmeat quarantine policy over time, including those changes related to the recent resolution of a WTO dispute between Australia and the European Union. Using a random utility model and applying it to corner solutions in import decisions, tariff equivalents (by major trading partner) are estimated for the different pigmeat quarantine regimes implemented by Australia during the period 1988-2009. The welfare impact on consumers, producers, and foreign exporters is computed using a partial equilibrium model calibrated …
Key Findings Of The Ntm-Impact Project, David Orden, John Beghin, Guy Henry
Key Findings Of The Ntm-Impact Project, David Orden, John Beghin, Guy Henry
Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications
This special issue of The World Economy presents research findings from the European Commission–funded project “Assessment of the impacts of non-tariff measures (NTM)—on the competitiveness of the EU and selected trade partners” (NTM-Impact). Directed toward the EU and its trade partners, the project’s first overall objective was to collect and analyze new data on NTMs for key and representative agri-food products. This involved three components: creating a large symmetric international database on the diverse types of governmental standards and regulations used to address food safety and quality issues, constructing measures of heterogeneity among these standards and regulations; and evaluating the …
The Nebraska Phosphorus Index (2012): Background And Users Guide, Charles Wortmann, Charles Shapiro, Leslie J. Johnson, Renee F. Hancock
The Nebraska Phosphorus Index (2012): Background And Users Guide, Charles Wortmann, Charles Shapiro, Leslie J. Johnson, Renee F. Hancock
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials
This publication provides the basis and procedure for using a phosphorus (P) index to assess risk of P delivery from agricultural land to surface waters. The P index is intended for planning as well as regulatory and educational purposes.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for the growth of both crops and aquatic vegetation. Phosphorus, either in inorganic form such as with fertilizer or in organic form as with animal manures, often needs to be applied to the land for optimal crop growth. An important byproduct of animal feeding is manure that contains P. Land application of manure can be beneficial …
Nebline, August 2012
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Feature: 9 Reasons to Shop at Farmers Markets
Farm Views
Urban Agriculture
Food & Fitness
Home & Family Living
Horticulture
Environmental Focus
4-H & Youth
Community Focus
Extension Calendar
Nutrition Education Program
Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs
and other extension news and events
U.S. Drought Monitor, July 31, 2012, Mark D. Svoboda
U.S. Drought Monitor, July 31, 2012, Mark D. Svoboda
United States Agricultural Commodities in Drought Archive
Drought map of U.S. for July 31, 2012 (7/31/12) plus: U.S. crop areas experiencing drought (map), Approximate percentage of crop located in drought, by state (bar graph), Percent of crop area located in drought, past 52 weeks (line graph) for: Corn, Soybeans, Hay, Cattle.
Modeling Field-Scale Vulnerability To Pesticide Runoff, Atefeh Hosseini
Modeling Field-Scale Vulnerability To Pesticide Runoff, Atefeh Hosseini
School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Identifying areas vulnerable to off-site agrichemical movement and surface and ground water contamination through conventional data collection is labor-intensive, costly and time-consuming. To promote efficient pesticide use and protect water resources, a process-based index model was previously developed to estimate landscape vulnerability to pesticide runoff and leaching at a watershed or regional scale using Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) data. Because mitigation of contamination requires implementation of best management practices, the model was adapted to the field scale. The field-scale model was developed based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 5 ´ 5 m resolution for a research site in …
U.S. Drought Monitor, July 10, 2012
U.S. Drought Monitor, July 10, 2012
United States Agricultural Commodities in Drought Archive
Drought map of U.S. for July 10, 2012 (7/10/12) plus: U.S. crop areas experiencing drought (map), Approximate percentage of crop located in drought, by state (bar graph), Percent of crop area located in drought, past 52 weeks (line graph) for: Corn, Soybeans.
U.S. Drought Monitor, July 3, 2012
U.S. Drought Monitor, July 3, 2012
United States Agricultural Commodities in Drought Archive
Drought map of U.S. for July 3, 2012 (7/3/12) plus: U.S. crop areas experiencing drought (map), Approximate percentage of crop located in drought, by state (bar graph), Percent of crop area located in drought, past 52 weeks (line graph) for: Corn, Soybeans.
Protectionism Indices For Non-Tariff Measures: An Application To Maximum Residue Levels, Yuan Li, John C. Beghin
Protectionism Indices For Non-Tariff Measures: An Application To Maximum Residue Levels, Yuan Li, John C. Beghin
Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications
We propose aggregation indices of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) to quantify their protectionism relative to international standards. We apply the indices to national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulations affecting agricultural and food trade and using a science-based criteria embodied in Codex Alimentarius international standards. The approach links two streams of the NTM literature, one concerned with the aggregation of various NTMs into operational indices for econometric and modeling purposes, and the other attempting to evaluate the protectionism of NTMs. The data used in the application come from a large international dataset on veterinary and pesticide MRLs and CODEX MRL standards for …
Nebline, July 2012
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
Feature: 4-H Food Booth at Super Fair Volunteers Have Fun, Rewarding Experience
Farm Views
Urban Agriculture
Food & Fitness
Home & Family Living
Horticulture
Environmental Focus
4-H & Youth
Community Focus
Extension Calendar
Nutrition Education Program
Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs
and other extension news and events
Life Cycle Boundaries And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Beef Cattle, Quentin M. Dudley
Life Cycle Boundaries And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Beef Cattle, Quentin M. Dudley
Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations and Theses
Beef cattle are estimated to directly contribute 26% of U.S. agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and future climate change policy may target reducing these emissions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of GHG emissions from U.S. feedlot beef cattle was conducted to compare methods of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with a more complete evaluation of emissions. The inclusion of emissions from crop production for feed, associated land use change, and other minor factors nearly doubled GHG emissions associated with beef feedlots from the EPA Annual Inventory estimate of 1611 kgCO2e hd-1 yr-1 to 3182 ± 167 …
Nebline, June 2012
NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County
No abstract provided.
Composting Manure And Other Organic Materials, Charles S. Wortmann, Charles A. Shapiro
Composting Manure And Other Organic Materials, Charles S. Wortmann, Charles A. Shapiro
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The Composting Process
Composting is the aerobic decomposition of manure or other organic materials in the thermophilic temperature range (104-149oF). Composted material is odorless, fine-textured, and low-moisture. It can be bagged and sold for use in gardens or nurseries, or used as fertilizer on cropland with little odor or fly breeding potential. Composting improves the handling characteristics of any organic residue by reducing its volume and weight. Composting can kill pathogens and weed seeds.
Disadvantages of composting organic residues include loss of nitrogen and other nutrients, time for processing, cost for handling equipment, available land for composting, odors, marketing, diversion …
Crop Management Technologies Approved/Recommended To Farmers By Intsormil Supported Nars Programs 2006-2012, Elvis A. Heinrichs
Crop Management Technologies Approved/Recommended To Farmers By Intsormil Supported Nars Programs 2006-2012, Elvis A. Heinrichs
INTSORMIL Scientific Publications
Table listing year, crop (sorghum or pearl millet), country, technology approved/ recommended for release to farmers (sowing rate, spacing, fertilizer, pesticide, herbicide, tied ridges etc.), and comments regarding crop management technologies approved/recommended to farmers by INTSORMIL-supported NARS programs, 2006-2012. Countries included are: Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Uganda, Zambia, El Salvador, and Nicaragua.
Evaluating Vegetation Response To Water Stress Using Close-Range And Satellite Remote Sensing, Sharmistha Swain
Evaluating Vegetation Response To Water Stress Using Close-Range And Satellite Remote Sensing, Sharmistha Swain
Department of Geography: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Drought is a weather related natural disaster that occurs in virtually all climatic zones of the world. In the last century, almost all parts of the contiguous United States have experienced several prolonged drought events with considerable impacts on the agricultural economy and environment. With changing climates, the droughts are expected to be more severe, longer, and widespread in many parts of the world including sections of the United States. Understanding the response of vegetation to water stress using remote sensing technologies will enhance our ability to detect and monitor drought. This research evaluates the response of vegetation to drought-related …
Escape From Preferential Retention Following Repeated Whole Genome Duplications In Plants, James C. Schnable, Xiaowu Wang, J. Chris Pires, Michael Freeling
Escape From Preferential Retention Following Repeated Whole Genome Duplications In Plants, James C. Schnable, Xiaowu Wang, J. Chris Pires, Michael Freeling
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The well supported gene dosage hypothesis predicts that genes encoding proteins engaged in dose–sensitive interactions cannot be reduced back to single copies once all interacting partners are simultaneously duplicated in a whole genome duplication. The genomes of extant flowering plants are the result of many sequential rounds of whole genome duplication, yet the fraction of genomes devoted to encoding complex molecular machines does not increase as fast as expected through multiple rounds of whole genome duplications. Using parallel interspecies genomic comparisons in the grasses and crucifers, we demonstrate that genes retained as duplicates following a whole genome duplication have only …
Ars Assists In Fight Against Kudzu Bug, Jan Suszkiw, Walker Jones
Ars Assists In Fight Against Kudzu Bug, Jan Suszkiw, Walker Jones
Agricultural Research Magazine
Sure, this distant relative of the brown marmorated stink bug will feed voraciously on the stems of kudzu, the “Vine That Ate the South.” But Megacopta cribraria also has a taste for soybean and other legumes. In Georgia, where this native of Asia was first discovered in the United States in October 2009, there’s worry that the pest will set its sights on peanut, endangering a $2 billion crop that supplies nearly 50 percent of America’s peanuts (Georgia Peanut Commission, 2009).
Like the brown marmorated stink bug, Megacopta—also known as the “bean plataspid”—seeks shelter inside homes, buildings, and vehicles …
Flow Rate, And More, Ann Perry
Flow Rate, And More, Ann Perry
Agricultural Research Magazine
At the Agricultural Research Service’s Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory in Kimberly, Idaho, agricultural engineer Brad King and research leader Dave Bjorneberg compared how irrigation from four commercial center-pivot sprinklers affected potential runoff and erosion on four south-central Idaho soils.
Though their results were inconsistent, they did observe that at the end of six irrigations, a 50-percent reduction in sprinkler flow rate reduced runoff and soil erosion 60-80 percent. They concluded that reducing sprinkler flow rate early in the growing season—before the development of a crop canopy—could help reduce irrigation runoff and soil erosion linked to center-pivot sprinkler irrigation. …
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine May-June 2012
Back Matter Agricultural Research Magazine May-June 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Magazine
5601 Sunnyside Ave.
Beltsville, MD 20705-5129
Agricultural Research Magazine May-June 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine May-June 2012
Agricultural Research Magazine
Agricultural Research
150 Years of Making History
USDA's 150th Anniversary- May 15, 2012
Forum: Alternative Strategies For Keeping Animals Healthy, Cyril G. Gay
Forum: Alternative Strategies For Keeping Animals Healthy, Cyril G. Gay
Agricultural Research Magazine
The general public needs to know more about the importance of preventing and controlling livestock diseases and the financial impact they would have on our lives and food supply if left unchecked. Part of our mission at the USDA Agricultural Research Service is to conduct research to protect the safety of our nation’s agriculture and food supply through improved disease detection, prevention, and control.
Antibiotics are recognized as one of the most important biomedical discoveries for treating infectious diseases of animals and humans. The use of antibiotics has had a major impact on increases in food-animal production and has resulted …
New Insights Into Irrigation Management, Ann Perry
New Insights Into Irrigation Management, Ann Perry
Agricultural Research Magazine
Pacific Northwest potato and sugar beet farmers who irrigate their crops with sprinklers need to know a lot more than when to turn on the faucet. The region’s powdery silt loam soils don’t contain much stabilizing organic matter, and existing soil aggregates that facilitate water infiltration can be broken up during irrigation. Afterwards, the loose particles of sand, silt, and clay that remain can dry to form a solid crust that greatly limits infiltration into the soil.
This means that growers not only need to calculate how much water should be supplied during irrigation, but they also need to ensure …
Genetics And Bermudagrass: It's Not Easy Being Uniformly Green, Dennis O’Brien, Karen Harris
Genetics And Bermudagrass: It's Not Easy Being Uniformly Green, Dennis O’Brien, Karen Harris
Agricultural Research Magazine
Golfers and golf course superintendents expect a lot from their putting greens. They want fine, lush, carpetlike surfaces that a ball will roll smoothly across. They also want a grass that tolerates frequent low mowing, has uniform color and texture, tolerates pests and cold temperatures, and offers a dense canopy that shades out weeds to minimize the need for herbicides.
Southern putting greens are made up of single cultivars of bermudagrass, but golf course superintendents have complained for years about the appearance of nonuniform plants, or “off-types,” that can throw off the green’s appearance and “playability.” The bermudagrass cultivar Tifgreen, …
New Tool Opens A Bigger Window To Insect-Plant Warfare, Dennis O’Brien, Elaine Backus
New Tool Opens A Bigger Window To Insect-Plant Warfare, Dennis O’Brien, Elaine Backus
Agricultural Research Magazine
When an aphid, leafhopper, or psyllid lands on a plant to feed, it begins a process of chamical welfare. As piercing-sucking insects, they use needlelike stylets to insert saliva into plant tissues and open a pathway to ingest fluids critical to the plant’s survival. When punctured, the plant senses the attack and secretes proteins and other chemical defenses to prevent fluids from being pulled out, thus creating a stress on the plant. This warfare costs growers billions of dollars each year in lost ornamentals, vegetables, citrus, and other important agricultural crops.
Because much of the action takes place in the …
Table Of Contents May-June 2012 Agricultural Research Magazine
Table Of Contents May-June 2012 Agricultural Research Magazine
Agricultural Research Magazine
4 Strategies That Work: Alternatives to Antibiotics in Animal Health
8 New Insights Into Irrigation Management
10 150 Years of Making History: USDA’s 150th Anniversary, May 15, 2012
20 New Tool Opens a Bigger Window to Insect Warfare
22 ARS Assists in Fight Against Kudzu Bug
23 Genetics and Bermudagrass: It’s Not Easy Being Uniformly Green
150 Years Of Making History, Don Comis, Tara Weaver-Missick, Robert Sowers
150 Years Of Making History, Don Comis, Tara Weaver-Missick, Robert Sowers
Agricultural Research Magazine
The only thing that stands between the United States and an invasion of cattle-killing screwworms is a daily flight of airplanes flooding a 100-mile-wide section of the Isthmus of Panama with male screwworm flies raised in a laboratory and sterilized with radiation in Panama. The screwworm infestations of the past would probably come back if the releases stopped for a couple of months or so, says Dan Strickman, Agricultural Research Service national program leader for veterinary and medical entomology.
“This is a great example of agricultural research changing the history of this country, and it’s a cutting-edge example of integrated …
Insecticidal Control Of Bemisia Tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Transmitting Carlavirus On Soybeans And Detection Of The Virus In Alternate Hosts, Difabachew K. Belay, Randy M. Huckaba, Axel M. Ramirez, Jose C. V. Rodrigues, John E. Foster
Insecticidal Control Of Bemisia Tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Transmitting Carlavirus On Soybeans And Detection Of The Virus In Alternate Hosts, Difabachew K. Belay, Randy M. Huckaba, Axel M. Ramirez, Jose C. V. Rodrigues, John E. Foster
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
A Carlavirus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important disease of soybean nurseries in Puerto Rico causing substantial germplasm losses. Insecticide bioassay experiments were conducted at Dow AgroSciences (DAS) Research Station, Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico, either by spraying insecticides on B. tabaci infested soybean leaves or introducing B. tabaci adults onto insecticide-sprayed soybean leaves. Moreover, host plants were surveyed to detect the virus in overwintering hosts that serve as a source of inoculums. The direct spray experiment showed that Nuprid 2F (Imidacloprid), Capture 2 EC (Bifenthrin), Thionex (Endosulfan), Lannate LV (Methomyl), and Dimethoate gave good level ( …
Gibberellic Acid Sensitivity Among Common Bean Cultivars (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), Alexander Pavlista, Dipak Santra, James Schild, Gary Hergert
Gibberellic Acid Sensitivity Among Common Bean Cultivars (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), Alexander Pavlista, Dipak Santra, James Schild, Gary Hergert
Panhandle Research and Extension Center
To lower seed yield loss from directly harvested common bean or dry bean, height of the lower pod-bearing nodes needs to be raised. The objective of this greenhouse study was to stimulate lower stem elongation by gibberellic acid (GA3) of dry bean cultivars. Seeds of cv. Matterhorn, erect indeterminate Type II, and cv. Poncho, prostate indeterminate Type III, were dipped in GA3 at 62.5 to 16,000 ppmand planted. After 14 d, the height of the unifoliate and first trifoliate nodes showed maximum stimulation of stem elongation by 1000 ppm GA3 for ‘Poncho’ and by 2000 ppm …
Nest And Brood Site Selection And Survival Of Greater Prairie-Chickens In The Eastern Sandhills Of Nebraska, Lars Anderson
Nest And Brood Site Selection And Survival Of Greater Prairie-Chickens In The Eastern Sandhills Of Nebraska, Lars Anderson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnata) are a grassland bird species of conservation concern. Although greater prairie-chickens have declined over much of their range, the Nebraska Sandhills has the largest population in North America. However, the responses of nest and brood site selection and survival to vegetation characteristics are unknown. I studied prairie-chickens on private rangelands in Rock and Brown Counties from 2009-2011. I fitted 139 females with radio collars to locate nest and brood sites and to determine nest and brood survival rates. Females were trapped on leks during the breeding season and I monitored them throughout the …
Integrated Management Of Common Reed Along The Platte River In Nebraska: Control, Timing, Water Use, And Economic Analysis, Ryan E. Rapp
Integrated Management Of Common Reed Along The Platte River In Nebraska: Control, Timing, Water Use, And Economic Analysis, Ryan E. Rapp
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
There are two biotypes of common reed, which includes the native common reed (Phragmites australis subsp. americanus) and non-native (invasive) common reed (Phragmites australis subsp. australis).The non-native biotype of common reed has invaded wetland habitats in many states of the US, including Nebraska.
Three studies, disking followed by herbicide, mowing followed by herbicide, and herbicide followed by mechanical treatment were initiated in 2008 in Nebraska. The objective was to evaluate common reed control along the Platte River using an integrated management. Herbicide followed by mechanical treatment had excellent control (≥92%) with all treatments except glyphosate applied …