Substance Abuse and Addiction Commons^™

Rural Appalachia And The Opioid Epidemic: Overcoming Current Barriers With New Solutions, Olivia Croft

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

The opioid epidemic has damaged the lives of many Americans since the early 2000’s. As America continues to look for ways to fight the opioid epidemic and save this country, the idea of providing the rescue drug, naloxone, to the general public has been discussed and implemented in some areas. An overdose from opioids causes a person to have respiratory depression and eventually stop breathing. Without intervention, this quickly leads to death. Although the opioid epidemic is nationwide, some of the most significantly affected populations are the rural communities tucked away in the Appalachian Mountains. In rural areas of America, …

Designing A Work-Life Balance Learning Module For Cal Poly Construction Management Department, Alex Jones

Construction Management

The construction industry is known to create a highly stressful work environment given its unpredictability and mental/time demanding nature, which creates challenges for professionals to maintain a healthy work-life balance. This senior project aims to research and identify the key areas that foster this stress and propose a learning module for the Cal Poly Construction Management Department to implement into class curriculum. Having this learning module taught to students will raise awareness of the topic for future industry professionals and equip them with the tools to maintain a healthy equilibrium between their work demands and personal life. The learning module …

One Immune System Plays Many Parts: The Dynamic Role Of The Immune System In Chronic Pain And Opioid Pharmacology, Sanam Mustafa, Juliana E Bajic, Benjamin Barry, Samuel Evans, Kariel R Siemens, Mark R Hutchinson, Peter M Grace

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The transition from acute to chronic pain is an ongoing major problem for individuals, society and healthcare systems around the world. It is clear chronic pain is a complex multidimensional biological challenge plagued with difficulties in pain management, specifically opioid use. In recent years the role of the immune system in chronic pain and opioid pharmacology has come to the forefront. As a highly dynamic and versatile network of cells, tissues and organs, the immune system is perfectly positioned at the microscale level to alter nociception and drive structural adaptations that underpin chronic pain and opioid use. In this review, …

County Characteristics And Opioid Mortality Rates In The United States, Baksun Sung

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Opioid overdose deaths are not equally distributed across the United States. While some areas have a less severe problem with opioid abuse, others face serious challenges, which are affected by various social factors. To address that question, in Chapter 1, I investigate how opioid mortality trends differ according to opioid types, race, and region to identify susceptible populations and areas. In Chapter 1, I contend that synthetic opioid is a main trigger for the current opioid epidemic and that the epidemic is concentrated among blacks and in the Eastern United States. Next, the following studies examine how varying social vulnerabilities …

A Retrospective Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Buprenorphine Versus Baclofen For Acute Opioid Withdrawal, Matthew Hermenau, Benton Stamper, Kitty Leung, Raymond Pomm, Christina Guerrier, Joseph Cammilleri, Brittany Johnson

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

A significant impediment to opioid cessation or dose reduction is mitigating withdrawal severity that has been shown to affect the course of opioid dependence. Current guidelines recommend the use of buprenorphine and methadone over alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, has promising results as an adjunct agent for opioid withdrawal but has not been compared to buprenorphine. This study compared the ability of buprenorphine and baclofen to mitigate acute opioid withdrawal.

Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of 63 patients with diagnosed opioid use disorder that received scheduled buprenorphine or baclofen for 3 days, in addition …

Mental Health In M*A*S*H: An Analysis Of The Changing Portrayal Of Mental Health Topics In The 1970s And Early 1980s, Lyndsey Clark

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

This paper studies all eleven seasons of the hit television show M*A*S*H (1972-1973) and examines how the portrayal of mental health changed in the show’s plotlines in response to changing guidelines and mental health policy in the 1970s and early 1980s. This study focuses on the association of mental illness with homosexuality, the changes made to the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in the 1970s and early 1980s, the rise and fall of mental health policies from the Kennedy Administration to the Reagan Administration, and the portrayal of several pertinent mental conditions, such as …

Augmenting Project Echo For Opioid Use Disorder With Data-Informed Quality Improvement, Owen B. Murray, Marcy A. Doyle, Bethany M. Mcleman, Lisa A. Marsch, Elizabeth C. Saunders, Katherine Cox, Delitha Watts, Jeanne Ryer

Faculty Publications

Background

National opioid-related overdose fatalities totaled 650,000 from 1999 to 2021. Some of the highest rates occurred in New Hampshire, where 40% of the population lives rurally. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD; methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone) have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing opioid overdose and mortality. Methadone access barriers disproportionally impact rural areas and naltrexone uptake has been limited. Buprenorphine availability has increased and relaxed regulations reduces barriers in general medical settings common in rural areas. Barriers to prescribing buprenorphine include lack of confidence, inadequate training, and lack of access to experts. To address these barriers, learning collaboratives have trained …

Prevention And Education In Medication Assisted Treatment Facilities, Lindsey Mccartt

Epsilon Sigma at-Large Research Conference

Introduction and Background: Between 1999 and 2014 the number of patients in the labor and delivery that were on medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) quadrupled. The rate of unintended pregnancies in pregnant patients of mOUD is at a tremendous high due to inconsistencies in the use of reliable contraception in this population.

Purpose Statement: To reduce the number of unintended pregnancies and infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome there is a need for prevention and required education for men and women in medication-assisted facilities.

Literature Review: Twenty research studies were reviewed and evaluated. These articles were …

Assessing The Involvement Of Projections From The Prelimbic Prefrontal Cortex To The Paraventricular Nucleus Of The Thalamus In Cocaine Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety, Clinton Coelho

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Withdrawal from cocaine induces an immediate and powerful negative affective state which is characterized by feelings of agitation and anxiety in humans and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. It has been hypothesized that the anxiogenic effects associated with cocaine withdrawal play a major role in continued cocaine use and drive relapse to cocaine seeking. The prelimbic (PL) medial prefrontal cortex is not only involved in the processing and regulation of negative emotions such as anxiety but also mediates relapse to cocaine-seeking. Subcortical hubs of the reward system that receive projections from the PL neurons are known to be dysregulated during different …

Computational Design And Molecular Modeling Of Morphine Derivatives For Preferential Binding In Inflamed Tissue, Makena Augenstein, Nayiri Alexander, Matthew Gartner

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The opioid epidemic has impacted over 10 million Americans in 2019. Opioids, like morphine, bind non-selectively in both peripheral tissue, leading to effective pain relief, and central tissue, resulting in dangerous side effects and addiction. The inflamed conditions of injured tissues have a lower pH (pH = 6–6.5) environment than healthy tissue (pH = 7.4). We aim to design a morphine derivative that binds selectively within inflamed tissue using molecular extension and dissection techniques. Morphine binds to the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) when the biochemically active amine group is protonated. Fluorination of a β-carbon from the tertiary amine group led to …

Benefits Of Rooming-In On Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Emma Ricioli

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a significant public health concern, affecting infants born to mothers who use opioids during pregnancy. Those exposed in-utero exhibit numerous signs of withdrawal after delivery including tremors, gastrointestinal distress, inconsolability, and poor feeding. Typical treatment for infants suffering from NOWS included direct admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for close observation and pharmacological interventions. However, NICU stays can interfere with bonding and breastfeeding. They can also lead to increased lengths of stay, higher costs, and more invasive pharmacological treatments. These infants typically do not have any other concerning health issues besides NOWS …

Adolescent Use And Co-Use Of Tobacco And Cannabis In California: The Roles Of Local Policy And Density Of Tobacco, Vape, And Cannabis Retailers Around Schools, Georgiana Bostean, Anton M. Palma, Alison A. Padon, Erik Linstead, Joni Ricks-Oddie, Jason A. Douglas, Jennifer B. Unger

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

Adolescent tobacco use (particularly vaping) and co-use of cannabis and tobacco have increased, leading some jurisdictions to implement policies intended to reduce youth access to these products; however, their impacts remain unclear. We examine associations between local policy, density of tobacco, vape, and cannabis retailers around schools, and adolescent use and co-use of tobacco/vape and cannabis.

We combined 2018 statewide California (US) data on: (a) jurisdiction-level policies related to tobacco and cannabis retail environments, (b) jurisdiction-level sociodemographic composition, (c) retailer locations (tobacco, vape, and cannabis shops), and (d) survey data on 534,176 middle and high school students (California Healthy Kids …

The Need For Sharps Boxes To Be Offered In The Hospital Setting For People Who Use Substances: Removing Sharps Boxes Puts All Of Us At Risk., Cheryl Forchuk, Michael Silverman, Abraham Rudnick, Jonathan Serrato, Brenna Schmitt, Leanne Scott

Nursing Publications

INTRODUCTION: Substance use can occur in the hospital setting among people with substance use disorder, including intravenous use. However, the provision of sharps boxes is not typically offered in Canadian hospitals. This study set out to explore the current issues due to the lack of harm reduction in the hospital setting.

METHOD: Thirty-one health care professionals participated in virtual one-to-one interviews and focus groups regarding harm reduction in hospital. The issue of sharps box removal was highlighted as a concern. A secondary ethnographic thematic analysis explored this theme in more detail. A scoping review of the literature observed additional considerations. …

How The United States Can Improve The Prevention And Treatment Of Substance Abuse Disorders, Kimberly E. Combs

Classical Conversations

Over thirty million people worldwide suffer from diagnosed drug-use disorders. In the United States alone, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found in the 2020 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) that of people aged 12 or older, over 40 million reported struggling with substance abuse at some point in their life. Alarming statistics suggest that rates of drug abuse continue to rise worldwide. Drug use is a recognized epidemic in the United States, and it is far from a recent issue. Health professionals, government officials, and researchers have been trying to solve the problem for …

Implementasi Kebijakan Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai Dalam Rangka Pengatasan Kemiskinan Di Era Covid - 19, Haura Ariesta, Fentiny Nugroho

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

This study focuses on the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) policy in poverty alleviation efforts in Kembangan District, West Jakarta, during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the BPNT program managed by the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia adheres to the distribution procedures, several challenges have emerged, including delays in disbursing aid funds, invalid beneficiary data, issues with E-waroeng (food stalls), account registration, delayed distribution, and occasional inadequacy of food supplies. However, supportive factors such as effective coordination, improved data management, education, active participation from local authorities, and the commitment of E-waroeng owners have contributed to …

Desa Wisata Atau Wisata Desa:Menelaah Fase Kesepian Masyarakat Pasca Pandemi Covid -19, Maureen Wanda Sabrina, Kania Saraswati Harisoesyanti

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

The Tourism Village Policy launched by the government has developed into an ambitious initiative that can boost the community's economy. However, behind this dream, there is a complex discussion about how ready the village community is to undertake this transformation. This article discusses the stages of the community undergoing the tourism village program against the background of Taraju Village having limited access, the existence of newly formed supporting community self-help groups, and even the community's initial rejection of the development of a tourism village. Meanwhile, this tourist village has achieved achievements on a provincial and national scale. The research used …

Peran Program Pengembangan Petani Sebagai Implementasi Csr Pt. Smgp Terhadap Resistensi Masyarakat, Ahmad Taufik, Indra Lestari

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

The presence of mining projects or power plants that utilize or exploit natural resources has the potential for environmental, social, and economic problems for the community. There are many cases of rejection from communities around the project area, which can even lead to conflict and anarchic actions that cause losses for several parties. Meanwhile, there are demands for energy sustainability amidst the current crisis in the availability of fossil energy. Therefore, the government provides support through several policies, one of which is encouraging the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility so that core project activities can take place with attention to …

Implementasi Tahapan Pengembangan Masyarakat Dalam Program Perhutanan Sosial, Ahmad Nur Faizal, Moch. Ilham Noer Sunan

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

The community's dependence on the forest makes the community's position vulnerable when access to the forest is restricted. The restrictions on community access to forests impact on emerging social problems such as poverty, conflict, and illegal logging. Responding to this problem, the government rolled out a social forestry program to improve people's lives. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation to study in depth how the community development stages are implemented in the social forestry program in Burno Village. The results showed that there were community development efforts from CDK Lumajang …

Model Perencanaan Strategis Dalam Service Organization : Sebuah Kajian Literatur, Rakhmiana, Johanna Debora Imelda

Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial

In Indonesia, several types of HSOs include government organizations, private organizations, and non-profit organizations. Strategic planning is crucial for HSOs as it helps them to map their direction and goals, manage their resources, identify opportunities and challenges, coordinate their activities, and measure and evaluate their performance. To assist in strategic planning, various mapping models can be used. One of the models that can be used is Scenario- Based Road Mapping (SBRM). This research is a literature review that discusses different strategic planning models for HSOs, which can help organizations formulate more effective and adaptive strategies. These models can help HSOs …

Treating Opioid Use Disorder: One Shot At A Time, Shelly Haferkamp, Michael P. Kinney, Daniel Yang, Lindsey Cunningham, Anna Davey, Amy G Burns

View All Graduate Medical Education Content

No abstract provided.