Social Psychology Commons^™

Lifespace Patterns Of College Students High And Low In Personal Intelligence, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

Personal intelligence (PI) refers to the capacity to accurately reason about personality in oneself and other people. We hypothesize that people who are higher in personal intelligence differ from others in their relationships and behaviors. We conducted a series of theoretically-guided studies to examine how PI is associated with a person’s self-reported activities, interactions, situations, and group memberships: their lifespace. In two archival and three new studies of college students (Ns = 385, 358, 1186, 416, 696, respectively) we first identified 15 short, factor-based scales describing aspects of college students’ lifespace that are potentially relevant to personal intelligence. …

An Open-Source Template For Introducing A Technical Supplement, John D. Mayer, David R. Caruso

UNH Personality Lab

An open-source template on the relationship between an article and its accompanying technical supplement.

How Many Emotional Intelligence Abilities Are There? An Examination Of Four Measures Of Emotional Intelligence, John Mayer, David R. Caruso, Gill Sitarenios, Manolo Romero Escobar

UNH Personality Lab

The ability model of emotional intelligence (EI) specifies that four related abilities are involved: perceiving emotions, facilitating thought using emotions, understanding emotions, and managing them. Several performance-based assessments have been developed to measure those four abilities. Although some researchers find empirical support for the four abilities, others have argued that emotional intelligence divides into three abilities, two or even a single, unitary ability (Legree et al., 2014; Palmer, Gignac, Manocha, & Stough, 2005). We reanalyzed archival data from four ability tests of emotional intelligence, Ns = 503, 5000, 1000, and 2000, conducting item-level exploratory factor models of all four assessments …

Technical Supplement For How Many Emotional Intelligence Abilities Are There? An Examination Of Four Measures Of Emotional Intelligence, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

No abstract provided.

Personal Intelligence Is Evident In The Sophistication Of People’S Narratives About Personality, Jayne L. Allen, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

Personal intelligence concerns the ability to understand personality in oneself and others—including the understanding of motives, socioemotional traits, and abilities. We examined if people’s scores on the ability-based Test of Personal Intelligence (TOPI) would be reflected in their narratives about someone whose personality they had learned about. In a Preliminary Study (N = 220), we collected narratives and open-ended descriptions about their learning. In Study 1 (N = 212), experts rated the respondents’ open-ended narratives for their sophistication about personality, defined as their knowledge and complexity of thought around the topic. Respondents also filled out checklists concerning what they learned …

Peer Conversation About Substance Use, Danielle M. Pillet-Shore

Communication

What happens when a friend starts talking about her own substance use and misuse? This article provides the first investigation of how substance use is spontaneously topicalized in naturally occurring conversation. It presents a detailed analysis of a rare video-recorded interaction showing American English-speaking university students talking about their own substance (mis)use in a residential setting. During this conversation, several substance (mis)use informings are disclosed about one participant, and this study elucidates what occasions each disclosure, and how participants respond to each disclosure. This research shows how participants use casual conversation to offer important substance (mis)use information to their friends …

Open Source Data For The 2021 Article “How Do People Think About Understanding Personality—And What Do Such Thoughts Reflect?” By J.D. Mayer, D. R. Caruso, And A.T. Panter In Personality And Individual Differences, John D. Mayer, David R. Caruso, A. T. Panter

UNH Personality Lab

This Excel document contains an open-source version of the data for “When people estimate their personal intelligence who is overconfident? Who is accurate”, an article to appear in 2021 in the journal Personality and Individual Differences. The file contains data related to two forms of the measure, the “Self-Estimated Personal Intelligence”. The first is a 120 item version of the scale (the SEPI-120; the second is a 16-item version (the SEPI-16). Personal intelligence involves the ability to understand personality in oneself and others. Self-estimated personal intelligence (as contrasted with the actual ability) involves holding opinions of oneself such as “I …

Technical Supplement For The 2021 Article “How Do People Think About Understanding Personality—And What Do Such Thoughts Reflect?” By J.D. Mayer, D. R. Caruso, And A.T. Panter In Personality And Individual Differences, John D. Mayer, David R. Caruso, A. T. Panter

UNH Personality Lab

This technical supplement provides additional, supplementary information in relation to the article “When people estimate their personal intelligence who is overconfident? Who is accurate”, an article to appear in 2021 in the journal Personality and Individual Differences. The Table of Contents indicates what is included. The Technical Supplement contains a general description of the data sets employed, along with analyses that in some places duplicate those of the article, and in other places go beyond them.

Principal Investigator: John D. Mayer, Psychology Department, University of New Hampshire

Co-Investigator: David R. Caruso, Office of Dean of Yale College, Yale University

Co-Investigator: …

A Meta-Analysis Of The Correlations Among Broad Intelligences: Understanding Their Relations, Victoria M. Bryan, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

The broad intelligences include a group of mental abilities such as comprehension knowledge, quantitative reasoning, and spatial reasoning that are relatively specific in their focus and fall at the second stratum of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence. In recent years, the field has seen a proliferation of mental abilities being considered for inclusion among the broad intelligences, which poses challenges in terms of their effective and efficient assessment. We conducted a meta-analysis of 60 articles that reported correlations among the broad intelligences. Results indicated that the average correlation among broad intelligences fell between r = .52 and r = …

Technical Supplement For The Article "A Meta-Analysis Of The Correlations Among Broad Intelligences: Understanding Their Relations", Victoria M. Bryan, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

This technical supplement was developed by the author along with their report, “A eta analysis of the correlations among broad intelligences: Understanding their relations” as part of a single, ongoing research project. The original report provides the general purpose and theoretical overview of the project, as well as the key analyses. This supplement also includes pieces of that material where relevant but focuses on detailing the programming and data analyses of the project to a far greater extent.

Open Source Data For “When People Estimate Their Personal Intelligence Who Is Overconfident? Who Is Accurate?”, John D. Mayer, A. T. Panter, David R. Caruso

UNH Personality Lab

This Excel workbook contains the key computed variables analyzed in Studies 1, 2, and 3 of the article, “When People Estimate their Personal Intelligence Who is Overconfident? Who is Accurate?”, by Mayer, Panter, and Caruso found the Journal of Personality, 2020. Missing value code and other details are explained in the first worksheet of the Excel Workbook.

When People Estimate Their Personal Intelligence Who Is Overconfident? Who Is Accurate?, John D. Mayer, A. T. Panter, David R. Caruso

UNH Personality Lab

Objective

We explore accurate self-knowledge versus overconfidence in personal intelligence—a “broad” intelligence about personality. The theory of personal intelligence proposes that people vary in their ability to understand the traits, goals, plans, and actions of themselves and others. We wondered who accurately knew that they were higher in personal intelligence and who did not, and whether individuals with more accurate estimates were distinguishable from others in their psychological characteristics.

Method

Three archival data sets were identified that included both self-estimates and objective measures of personal intelligence: The measures were the Self-Estimated Personal Intelligence scale (SEPI) and the Test of Personal …

When To Make The Sensory Social: Registering In Face-To-Face Openings, Danielle M. Pillet-Shore

Faculty Publications

This article analyzes naturally occurring video-recorded openings during which participants make the sensory social through the action of registering—calling joint attention to a selected, publicly perceiv- able referent so others shift their sensory attention to it. It examines sequence-initial actions that register referents for which a participant is regarded as responsible. Findings demonstrate a systematic preference organization which observably guides when and how people initiate registering sequences sensitive to ownership of, and displayed stance toward, the target referent. Analysis shows how registering an owned referent achieves intersubjectivity and puts involved participants’ face, affiliation, and social relationship on the line. A …

Technical Report For “When People Estimate Their Personal Intelligence Who Is Overconfident? Who Is Accurate?”, John D. Mayer, A. T. Panter, David R. Caruso

UNH Personality Lab

The Technical Supplement includes additional information about the article “Who Believes they are High in Personal Intelligence.” The Supplement is organized such that material follows the organization of the article, with the exception that group-wise analyses—i.e., analyses based on median splits of the archival samples on the Test of Personal Intelligence and Self-Estimated Personal Intelligence, are in their own Appendix owing to the considerable length of that material.

Brief Mood Introspection Scale (Bmis): Technical And Scoring Manual (3rd Edition), John D. Mayer, Rachael Cavallaro

UNH Personality Lab

The BMIS scale is an open-source mood scale consisting of 16 mood-adjectives to which a person responds (e.g., Are you "happy"?). The scale can yield measures of overall pleasant-unpleasant mood, arousal-calm mood, and it also can be scored according to positive-tired and negative-calm mood.

Technical Supplement For The Article "Advances In Measuring Personal Intelligence", John D. Mayer, David R. Caruso, Abigail T. Panter

UNH Personality Lab

No abstract provided.

Test Of Personal Intelligencemini-12 (Topi Mini-12): Brief Manual And Test (9th Edition), John D. Mayer, Abigail T. Panter, David R. Caruso

UNH Personality Lab

Personal intelligence can be defined as the capacity to reason about personality and to use personality and personal information to enhance one’s thoughts, plans, and life experience (Mayer, 2008, p. 209). It is a “hot” intelligence in the sense of operating on information that is personally relevant and of importance to the individual.

The gold standard for measuring intelligences is through the use of ability scales. The Test of Personal Intelligence (TOPI), a 134-item ability measure, has been developed over three versions (1.0, 1.1., and 1.2) to test the existence of personal intelligence and to provide for its measurement (Mayer, …

Understanding People-Centered Intelligences, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

No abstract provided.

Arriving: Expanding The Personal State Sequence, Danielle M. Pillet-Shore

Communication

When arriving to a social encounter, how and when can a person show how s/he is doing/feeling? This article answers this question, examining personal state sequences in copresent openings of casual (residential) and institutional (parent-teacher) encounters. Describing a regular way participants constitute – and move to expand – these sequences, this research shows how arrivers display a non-neutral (e.g., negative, humorous, positive) personal state by both (i) deploying interactionally-timed stance-marking embodiments that enact a non-neutral state, and (ii) invoking a selected previous activity/experience positioned as precipitating that non-neutral state. Data demonstrate that arrivers time their non-neutral personal state displays calibrated …

How To Begin, Danielle M. Pillet-Shore

Communication

This article introduces the special issue of Research on Language and Social Interaction organized around the theme “Opening and Maintaining Face-to-Face Interaction.” The contributions to this special issue collectively consider “how to begin” – either a new encounter, or a new sequence after a lapse in conversation. All articles analyze naturally-occurring, videorecorded episodes of casual and/or institutional copresent interaction using multimodal conversation analytic methods. Though the opening phase of a face-to-face encounter may elapse in a matter of seconds, this article shows it to house a dense universe of phenomena central to sustaining our human sense of self and our …

Preference Organization, Danielle M. Pillet-Shore

Communication

Conversation analytic research on “preference organization” investigates recorded episodes of naturally occurring social interaction to elucidate how people systematically design their actions to either support or undermine social solidarity. This line of work examines public forms of conduct that are highly generalized and institutionalized, not the private desires, subjective feelings or psychological preferences of individuals. This article provides a detailed and accessible overview of classic and contemporary conversation analytic findings about preference, which collectively demonstrate that human interaction is organized to favor actions that promote social affiliation (through face-preservation) at the expense of conflict (resulting from face-threat). While other overviews …

Campus Community Readiness To Engage Measure: Its Utility For Campus Violence Prevention Initiatives—Preliminary Psychometrics, Katie Edwards, Mary M. Moynihan, Kara Anne Rodenhizer-Stampfli, Jennifer M. Demers, Victoria Banyard

Peer-Reviewed and Other Publications

The researchers present preliminary psychometric information on a recently developed measure—the Campus Community Readiness to Engage Measure (CCREM)—which was developed as a tool for campuses to determine their readiness to address sexual assault (SA) and relationship abuse (RA). Participants were 353 community leaders and administrators at 131 colleges and universities across New England. Factor analytic results demonstrated that the CCREM had three factors for both SA and RA: denial (the campus community is unwilling to acknowledge that SA and RA are issues for the community), initiation (the campus community is beginning to create efforts to address SA and RA and …

Wearing Memories: Clothing And The Global Lives Of Mourning In Swaziland, Casey Golomski

Anthropology

This article situates a cultural phenomenon of women’s memory work through clothing in Swaziland. It explores clothing as both action and object of everyday, personalized practice that constitutes psychosocial well-being and material proximities between the living and the dead, namely, in how clothing of the deceased is privately possessed and ritually manipulated by the bereaved. While human and spiritual self-other relations are produced through clothing and its material efficacy, current global ideologies of immaterial mortuary ritual associated with Pentecostalism have emerged as contraries to this local, intersubjective grief work. This article describes how such contrarian ideologies paper over existing global …

Test Of Personal Intelligence 1.4 (Topi 1.4) Manual, John D. Mayer, Abigail T. Panter, David R. Caruso

UNH Personality Lab

Personal intelligence involves the capacity to reason about personality and personality-relevant information. People high in personal intelligence are good at understanding themselves and others. The UNH Personality Lab developed a series of ability-based tests that assess this skill, under the name of the Test of Personal Intelligence (TOPI).

Situationist Torts, John D. Hanson, Michael Mccann

Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article calls for a situationist approach to teaching law, particularly tort law. This new approach would begin by rejecting the dominant, common-sense account of human behavior (sometimes called dispositionism) and replacing it with the more accurate account being revealed by the social sciences, such as social psychology, social cognition, cognitive neuroscience, and other mind sciences. At its core, situationism is occupied with identifying and bridging the gap between what actually moves us, on one hand, and what we imagine moves us, on the other. Recognizing that gap is critical for understanding what roles tort law (among other areas of …

Social Psychology, Calamities, And Sports Law, Michael Mccann

Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article examines the role of situational pressures, fundamental attribution errors, and legal frameworks in how professional sports actors respond to the threat and occurrence of calamities. Both natural and manmade threats to American health are likely to rise over the next decade. Such threats may include catastrophic weather, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and communicable disease pandemics. In response to these threats, professional sports leagues, professional athletes, fans, and media might engage in unprecedented behavior. Consider, for instance, increasingly-devastating weather patterns, and how they might animate leagues to relocate franchises to cities with more favorable forecasts. The same outcome might …

Brief Mood Introspection Scale (Bmis): Open-Source Code, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

This is computer code for analyzing the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) data files for the R Statistical Environment open source software.

Technical Notes On R-Based Reanalysis Of The Brief Mood Introspection Scale (Bmis) Of Mayer & Gaschke, 1998, Study 1, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

Notes regarding the creation of the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) and data published in the original article Mayer, J. D., & Gaschke, Y. N. (1988). The experience and meta-experience of mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 102-111.

Brief Mood Introspection Scale (Bmis): Scoring Instructions, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

The BMIS scale is an open-source mood scale consisting of 16 mood-adjectives to which a person responds (e.g., Are you "happy"?). The scale can yield measures of overall pleasant-unpleasant mood, arousal-calm mood, and it also can be scored according to positive-tired and negative-calm mood.

Brief Mood Introspection Scale (Bmis): Open-Source Data, John D. Mayer, Yvonne N. Gaschke

UNH Personality Lab

Mood experience is comprised of at least two elements: the direct experience of the mood and a meta-level of experience that consists of thoughts and feelings about the mood. In Study 1, a two-dimensional structure for the direct experience of mood (Watson & Tellegen, 1985) was tested for its fit to the responses of 1,572 subjects who each completed one of the three different mood scales, including a brief scale developed to assist future research. The Watson and Tellegen structure was supported across all three scales. In Study 2, meta-mood experience was conceptualized as the product of a mood regulatory …