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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Clinical Psychology
Evaluation Of Cognitive Control Using Non-Gaussian Reaction Time Distributions In Fractionated Executive Function Tasks, Dmitriy Kazakov
Evaluation Of Cognitive Control Using Non-Gaussian Reaction Time Distributions In Fractionated Executive Function Tasks, Dmitriy Kazakov
Theses and Dissertations
The present study seeks to further investigate and refine the three-factor model of executive function (EF; Inhibition, Shifting, and Monitoring/Updating) known as the unity/diversity framework (Miyake et al., 2000). Past work in this area utilized “power” tasks that prioritize accuracy and difficulty, but real-world problem-solving incentivizes quick and efficient solutions. Ten computerized reaction time (RT) tasks: four elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs; Jensen, 1987; Santos, 2016) with progressively increasing task demands and six EF tasks. The ratio scale of RT necessitated the use of non-Gaussian statistics to better describe distribution shape, while diffusion modeling (DM; Ratcliff, 1978) was used to interpret …
The Influence Of Proximal Processes In Recruitment And Participation Of Monolingual Spanish-Speaking Latinos/As Living With Hiv In Neuropsychological Research In Milwaukee: An Ecological Theory Analysis From A Chicano Cultural Perspective., Enrique Ignacio Gracian
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of the original study was to examine the relationships among neuropsychological measures, laboratory measures of medication management ability, self-report and pharmacy refill records, and biometric information in monolingual Spanish-speaking Latinos/as living with HIV. The researcher experienced difficulties with recruitment and collecting valid and complete data from patients who enrolled in the study. After a one-year recruitment period and with the support of the dissertation committee and advisor, the researcher changed the focus of the dissertation to examine the data that were collected using a case study framework (Berk, 2000; Bronfenbrenner, 1977, 1979). The researcher used Bronfenbrenner Ecological Systems …
A Longitudinal Investigation Of Social Functioning In Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Danielle Glad
A Longitudinal Investigation Of Social Functioning In Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Danielle Glad
Theses and Dissertations
Social difficulties are commonly reported by parents and teachers of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and can impact a child’s social relationships. Investigations of social functioning in children with NF1 during early childhood are scarce, with most studies focusing on school age. This study aims to characterize the emergence of social skills challenges for children with NF1, with a special focus on the stability of social skills longitudinally and the interrelations of social skills with ADHD symptomatology and cognitive function. Participants included children with NF1 who were assessed longitudinally during early childhood from the ages of 3-6 years (T1; …
A Distributional And Theoretical Analysis Of Reaction Time In The Reversal Task Across Adulthood, Kaitlynne N. Leclaire
A Distributional And Theoretical Analysis Of Reaction Time In The Reversal Task Across Adulthood, Kaitlynne N. Leclaire
Theses and Dissertations
The frontal lobes are known to atrophy with age (Lockhart & DeCarli, 2014) and integrity of this region has been implicated in maintaining executive functioning (Chayer & Freedman, 2001). Reversal learning tasks are frequently used in experimental paradigms to assess components of executive function. Extant reversal learning literature has largely assessed measures of accuracy, but reaction time (RT) has not yet been well characterized. The current study examines the empirical RT distribution of the reversal task by utilizing distributional and theoretical analyses to better characterize performance and how it changes with age. Participants included 43 young (ages 18-30; M = …
Psychosocial Characteristics Of Children With And Without Toileting Dysfunction, Ellen Sejkora
Psychosocial Characteristics Of Children With And Without Toileting Dysfunction, Ellen Sejkora
Theses and Dissertations
Toilet training is a stressful time for parents and families; however, pediatric providers are often uncertain of how to guide parents through this period because of limited systematic research in this area. The current study investigated the role of timing and method of toilet training, use of physician and community resources, and parent and child psychosocial variables to better understand normative toilet training and clarify the role of family, parent, and child characteristics in the toilet training process. The literature regarding early childhood development and normative toileting was reviewed, followed by a discussion of voiding dysfunction and relevant psychosocial and …
Examining Interpretation Training For Thought-Action Fusion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Experimental Trial, Stephan Siwiec
Examining Interpretation Training For Thought-Action Fusion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Experimental Trial, Stephan Siwiec
Theses and Dissertations
Found in many emotional disorders, thought-action fusion (TAF) is a distorted cognitive belief that simply having an upsetting intrusive thought can increase the chance of the associated event occurring (TAF Likelihood) or represents a person’s morality (TAF Morality). Challenging these beliefs through cognitive bias modification for interpretations (CBM-I) has been shown to modify negative interpretations, reduce TAF belief, and reduce associated distress. Our previous study (Siwiec, Davine, Kresser, Rohde, & Lee, 2017) showed that an active CBM-I developed to challenge TAF beliefs (TAF-INC) outperformed a control condition (TAF-CON) in reducing TAF belief, distress, and associated symptoms. The current study examined …
Cannabis-Using Youth Demonstrated Blunted Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activation, But Normal Functional Connectivity, During An Emotional Go/No-Go Task, Kristin Elizabeth Maple
Cannabis-Using Youth Demonstrated Blunted Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activation, But Normal Functional Connectivity, During An Emotional Go/No-Go Task, Kristin Elizabeth Maple
Theses and Dissertations
Cannabis use has been associated with deficits in self-regulation, including inhibitory control. Cannabis users have previously exhibited both structural and functional deficits in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), a region involved in self-regulation of emotional response and inhibitory control. The present study aimed to examine whether abstinent cannabis users demonstrated abnormal functional activation and connectivity of the bilateral rACC during an emotional inhibitory processing task, and whether gender moderated these relationships. The study also aimed to examine whether bilateral rACC activation and connectivity in cannabis users was related to perceived stress. It was hypothesized that cannabis users would exhibit …
Evaluating The Effect Of Approach-Avoidance Training On Action Tendencies For Individuals With Skin Picking Disorder, Abel Steven Mathew
Evaluating The Effect Of Approach-Avoidance Training On Action Tendencies For Individuals With Skin Picking Disorder, Abel Steven Mathew
Theses and Dissertations
Pathological skin picking (PSP) or excoriation disorder is a destructive behavior that affects 1-2% of the general population. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a computerized behavior modification task on action tendencies (i.e., approach or avoidance) in adults with PSP. We aimed to reduce these action tendencies by having participants with PSP complete the Approach-Avoidance Training (AAT) task. Thirty-two participants with PSP were placed in one of three training conditions: (1) Avoidance Training (AvT) (2) Approach Training (ApT) (3) Placebo Training (PT). Using a joystick to simulate an approach (=pull) or avoidance (=push) response, …
Evaluating The Effect Of Approach-Avoidance Training On Action Tendencies For Individuals With Skin Picking Disorder, Abel Steven Mathew
Evaluating The Effect Of Approach-Avoidance Training On Action Tendencies For Individuals With Skin Picking Disorder, Abel Steven Mathew
Theses and Dissertations
Pathological skin picking (PSP) or excoriation disorder is a destructive behavior that affects 1-2% of the general population. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a computerized behavior modification task on action tendencies (i.e., approach or avoidance) in adults with PSP. We aimed to reduce these action tendencies by having participants with PSP complete the Approach-Avoidance Training (AAT) task. Thirty-two participants with PSP were placed in one of three training conditions: (1) Avoidance Training (AvT) (2) Approach Training (ApT) (3) Placebo Training (PT). Using a joystick to simulate an approach (=pull) or avoidance (=push) response, …
Bold Responses To Inhibition In Cannabis Using Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Alexander L. Wallace
Bold Responses To Inhibition In Cannabis Using Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Alexander L. Wallace
Theses and Dissertations
Cannabis use has been associated with increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses absent of behavioral deficits during a response inhibition task compared to controls. We investigated whether gender and cannabis use result in differences in BOLD responses and behavioral performance during a Go-NoGo task. Participants included eighty-three 16-26 year olds (MJ=36, Controls=46). An emotion based Go-NoGo task required participants to inhibit their response during a “neutral” face. A whole-brain analysis looked at differences between cannabis group, gender, and their interaction. Significant increased BOLD responses were observed in cannabis users compared to controls in the left frontal cortex, left cingulate …
Bold Responses To Inhibition In Cannabis Using Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Alexander L. Wallace
Bold Responses To Inhibition In Cannabis Using Adolescents And Emerging Adults, Alexander L. Wallace
Theses and Dissertations
Cannabis use has been associated with increased blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses absent of behavioral deficits during a response inhibition task compared to controls. We investigated whether gender and cannabis use result in differences in BOLD responses and behavioral performance during a Go-NoGo task. Participants included eighty-three 16-26 year olds (MJ=36, Controls=46). An emotion based Go-NoGo task required participants to inhibit their response during a “neutral” face. A whole-brain analysis looked at differences between cannabis group, gender, and their interaction. Significant increased BOLD responses were observed in cannabis users compared to controls in the left frontal cortex, left cingulate …