International Relations Commons^™

Escaping Earth’S Orbit But Not Earthly Regulations: A Discussion Of The Implications Of Itar, Ear, Fcc Regulations And Title Vii On Interplanetary Cubesats And Cubesat Programs, Jeremy Straub, Joe Vacekescaping Earth’S Orbit But Not Earthly Regulations: A Discussion Of The Implications Of Itar, Ear, Fcc Regulations And Title Vii On Interplanetary Cubesats And Cubesat Programs

Jeremy Straub

As a small satellite moves further from Earth a lot of mission elements change. More power and/or a larger antenna is needed for communications, fuel requirements increase and mission operations become more complex. What doesn’t change significantly is the set of laws and regulations that the program and spacecraft must operate under. This paper reviews, principally, the impact of the International Trafficking in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on the development, discrimination of information about and operations of small satellite programs. It reviews the duties imposed by ITAR, the exemptions enjoyed, particularly, …

Globalization's Shift In Accountability: Textile Suppliers And Merchants In 18th And 21st Century Bangladesh, Margaret Jennings

jenningsmargaret@icloud.com

The British East India Company in the 18th century and Wal-Mart in the 21st century share synonymous business practices: the exchange between a less developed nation's unlimited labor force and a developed country's insatiable appetite for cheap garments. By contrasting two events of corruption charges, the Warren Hastings' Trial of the Century and the Tazreen Factory Fire of 2012 illustrate how the accountability of the exchange between the merchant and the suppliers has shifted.

Rethinking Crises And The Accretion Of Executive Power: The "War On Terror" And Conditionality Evidence From Seven Political Systems, Riccardo Pelizzo, John E. Owens

riccardo pelizzo

External shocks to democratic systems are likely to threaten the stability of relations between the executive and the representative assembly. This article investigates the impact of the so-called “war on terror” on executive-assembly relations in comparative perspective. We analyze data from seven countries, which varied in terms of form of government, level of democracy, culture, social structure, and geographic location, to evaluate its effects. We find that whereas in some systems the “war on terror” altered the balance of power between the executive and the assembly, in other cases the extant balance of power was preserved. We postulate various conditions …

Unanswered Questions Of A Minority People In International Law: A Comparative Study Between Southern Cameroons & South Sudan, Bernard Sama Mr

Bernard Sama

The month July of 2011 marked the birth of another nation in the World. The distressful journey of a minority people under the watchful eyes of the international community finally paid off with a new nation called the South Sudan . As I watched the South Sudanese celebrate independence on 9 July 2011, I was filled with joy as though they have finally landed. On a promising note, I read the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon saying “[t]ogether, we welcome the Republic of South Sudan to the community of nations. Together, we affirm our commitment to helping it meet its …

Developing Focal Point Networks For State-Centered Genocide Prevention, Alon Hillel-Tuch

Alon Hillel-Tuch

While genocide, at times, appears to be sporadic in its emergence; it, in fact, requires diligent planning, strategy, and execution; inferring potential prevention through effective response. Within the last decade, there has been an increased attention on the need for governments to respond effectively to potential genocides. One manifestation of this concern has been an effort to construct governmental systems that can foresee the development of such politics (early warning) and transmit this information for decision makers to respond effectively to the threat (early action).

Through qualitative data analysis of a United States’ case study, this paper explores the influences …

Bureaucracy And The U.S. Response To Mass Atrocity, Gregory Brazeal

Gregory Brazeal

The U.S. response to mass atrocity has followed a predictable pattern of disbelief, rationalization, evasion, and retrospective expressions of regret. The pattern is consistent enough that we should be skeptical of chalking up the United States’ failures solely to a shifting array of isolated historical contingencies, from post-Vietnam fatigue in the case of the Khmer Rouge to the Clinton administration’s recoil against humanitarian interventions after Somalia. It is implausible to suggest that the United States would have acted to mitigate or end mass atrocities but for the specific historical contingencies that happen to accompany each outbreak of violence. This essay …

Collective Choice, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

This short nontechnical article reviews the Arrow Impossibility Theorem and its implications for rational democratic decisionmaking. In the 1950s, economist Kenneth J. Arrow proved that no method for producing a unique social choice involving at least three choices and three actors could satisfy four seemingly obvious constraints that are practically constitutive of democratic decisionmaking. Any such method must violate such a constraint and risks leading to disturbingly irrational results such and Condorcet cycling. I explain the theorem in plain, nonmathematical language, and discuss the history, range, and prospects of avoiding what seems like a fundamental theoretical challenge to the possibility …

Cancun Climate Negotiations, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson

Prof. Elizabeth Burleson

The United Nations Climate Change Conference, held from November 29 to December 11, 2010, in Cancún, Mexico, relaunched the United Nation's multilateral facilitation role.

Tribes As Essential Partners In Achieving Sustainable Governance, Prof. Elizabeth Burleson

Prof. Elizabeth Burleson

Indigenous peoples have modeled sustainable development around the world. Incentivizing the innovation and instillation of wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources can come in the form of public funding, including renewable portfolio standards, feed in tariffs and green tag programs. This article analyzes ways in which tribal communities are helping to expand cooperative good governance.

A Tale Of Two Campaigns: A Comparative Assessment Of The Internet In French And Us Presidential Elections, Dylan Kissane

Dylan Kissane

French politicians, like those in democracies around the world, were enthralled by the success of Democratic candidate Barack Obama in the 2008 US Presidential elections. Part of that thrall sprung from the candidate’s embrace of internet campaigning and his use of Web 2.0 tools to communicate his ideas, raise campaign funds and break through to voters that might otherwise not be reached through traditional and mainstream media campaigning. In the wake of Obama’s win, speculation emerged that internet and Web 2.0 campaigning would soon become a key tool in French politics, particularly at the personality-driven and high-profile Presidential level. In …

Haiti Needs Socialism, David E. Clark

David E Clark

Bill Clinton said that the Tsunami survivors six years ago deserved the chance to decide their own future. Haiti deserves the same hands-off approach as they rebuild after the 2010 earthquake. Aristide should be allowed to return and work with Venezuela and Cuba. If he decides to implement the same socialist reforms that have worked elsewhere in the Americas, so be it.

Diabolical Frivolity Of Neoliberal Fundamentalism, Sefik Tatlic

Sefik Tatlic

Today, we cannot talk just about plain control, but we must talk about the nature of the interaction of the one who is being controlled and the one who controls, an interaction where the one that is “controlled” is asking for more control over himself/herself while expecting to be compensated by a surplus of freedom to satisfy trivial needs and wishes. Such a liberty for the fulfillment of trivial needs is being declared as freedom. But this implies as well the freedom to choose not to be engaged in any kind of socially sensible or politically articulated struggle.

American Muslims As Allies In The War On Terrorism, Muqtedar Khan

Muqtedar Khan

This chapter argues that rather than threat to America, American Muslims can be strong allies against extremism.