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- Byzantine period (12)
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- Late Byzantine period (2)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 69
Full-Text Articles in Archaeological Anthropology
Tel Iẓṭabba: The Flint Assemblage, Alla Yaroshevich
Tel Iẓṭabba: The Flint Assemblage, Alla Yaroshevich
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Analysis of the flint assemblage from the single-period Intermediate Bronze Age/Early Bronze Age IV site of Tel Iẓṭabba indicates the coexistence of locally produced ad hoc debitage and tools alongside Canaanean blade products, the latter apparently imported as finished implements from specialized production centers. The Canaanean blade component exhibits considerable variability in backing, truncation, edge modification, gloss distribution and dimensions. This diversity suggests the presence of several harvesting implements and hafting solutions, including large blades with proximal modification and oblique or curved truncations, interpreted as probable reaping knives. Comparison with a smaller assemblage recovered in later excavations at Tel Iẓṭabba …
Tel Iẓṭabba: An Intermediate Bronze Age Settlement In The Beth Shean Valley / תל אצטבה: יישוב מתקופת הברונזה הביניימית בעמק בית שאן, Eli Yannai
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A salvage excavation conducted west of Tel Iẓṭabba revealed a single-period settlement dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age. This settlement comprised three architectural complexes, each consisting of one or more central courtyards surrounded by rooms. Most of the walls followed a north–south or east–west orientation, suggesting a planned settlement layout. A wide street, oriented northeast–southwest, continued between the complexes. The finds from the complexes indicate an agricultural economy. Ceramic vessels found crushed in situ on the floors, together with grinding implements, basalt artifacts and other domestic assemblages left at the site, suggest that the settlement was violently destroyed and subsequently …
Jerusalem, City Of David Visitor Center: The Early Islamic, Medieval And Late Ottoman Pottery, Benjamin J. Dolinka
Jerusalem, City Of David Visitor Center: The Early Islamic, Medieval And Late Ottoman Pottery, Benjamin J. Dolinka
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation at the entrance to the Visitor Center in the City of David uncovered a small but significant assemblage of ceramics, all from stratified contexts, including bowls, basins, storage jars, jugs, a cooking pot and a clay tobacco pipe. The pottery dates from the Abbasid period (ninth–tenth centuries CE), the medieval period (mid-twelfth–late fourteenth centuries CE) and the late Ottoman period (mid- to late nineteenth century CE). The ceramic evidence from the excavation provides important insights into the occupational history of the site during these periods.
Jerusalem, City Of David Visitor Center: The Late Roman And Byzantine Pottery, Debora Sandhaus
Jerusalem, City Of David Visitor Center: The Late Roman And Byzantine Pottery, Debora Sandhaus
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This article analyzes two pottery assemblages excavated at the entrance of the City of David Visitor Center in Jerusalem, providing important evidence for the occupation and development of the city during the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. The first assemblage, recovered from above the floors of the Stratum VI building, is a homogeneous domestic collection dominated by serving and food-preparation vessels, including arched-rim basins, bowls/lids and a complete Bet Naṭṭif lamp. These finds date the structure to the third–fourth centuries CE and suggest activities associated with food preparation and communal use rather than storage. The second assemblage, recovered from a …
Jerusalem, City Of David Visitor Center: Remains From The Late Roman–Late Ottoman Periods, Joe Uziel
Jerusalem, City Of David Visitor Center: Remains From The Late Roman–Late Ottoman Periods, Joe Uziel
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The following report presents the results of an excavation conducted on the summit of the City of David, Jerusalem, which exposed remains of six strata, spanning the Late Roman to the Medieval–late Ottoman period. Although the excavation area was quite narrow, important remains were exposed, contributing to our knowledge of the settlement and character of this portion of the city. Several surfaces interpreted as roads were exposed, beginning with an Abbasid road and continuing until the Medieval–late Ottoman period. Beneath these surfaces, a layer of garden soil, similar in character to the layer exposed in the Giv‘ati Parking Lot, was …
Khirbat Jābir: The Sculptured Decorations From The Bathhouse, Rivka Gersht
Khirbat Jābir: The Sculptured Decorations From The Bathhouse, Rivka Gersht
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation of the bathhouse at Khirbat Jābir yielded twelve marble items: a female head and eleven architectural members; among them a small Corinthian capital, a bracket ornamented with a lion head, a richly decorated small pediment and a champlevé revetment plaque. All twelve items were found out of their original display context; almost all are reused spolia or recycled pieces. The workmanship of the recycled items indicates that the craftsmen employed at the Khirbat Jābir bathhouse were skilled stone carvers but had no experience in shaping figural images. The rather good workmanship of the capital and the champlevé revetment …
Khirbat Jābir: The Pottery Finds / ח'ירבת ג'אבר: ממצא כלי החרס, Aviva Bouchenino
Khirbat Jābir: The Pottery Finds / ח'ירבת ג'אבר: ממצא כלי החרס, Aviva Bouchenino
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation at Khirbat Jābir yielded pottery dating from the Byzantine period through the Early Islamic period, indicating continuous activity at the site during these periods. Most of the pottery was characteristic of the Byzantine period, including local wares typical of both northern and southern Israel, as well as imported wares from North Africa, Asia Minor and Cyprus. Byzantine-period clay pipes, apparently associated with the bathhouse water-supply system, were also found. The pottery assemblage from this period enables dating the activity in the bathhouse to the fourth–seventh centuries CE. A smaller portion of locally produced pottery vessels dates to the …
Khirbat Jābir: A Late Byzantine Bathhouse, An Early Islamic Building And Ottoman-Period Remains / ח'ירבת ג'אבר: בית מרחץ משלהי התקופה הביזנטית, מבנה מהתקופה האסלאמית הקדומה ושרידים מהתקופה העות'מאנית, Orit Segal
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Excavations at Khirbat Jābir in Zikhron Ya‘akov revealed three strata (III–I). The earliest Stratum III yielded a well-preserved bathhouse dated to the late Byzantine period (sixth–seventh centuries CE), likely a public complex lavishly decorated with marble elements, which served a small, well-established community comprising several households in the area. In Stratum II, dated to the beginning of the Early Islamic period, the bathhouse was converted into a manor house or a farmhouse. Its plan was slightly altered with the construction of new walls, and its rooms were paved with stones robbed from the original phase of the bathhouse. The latest …
Tel Shor: Jewelry, Dress And Cosmetic Articles From Three Persian Burials, Amir Golani, Eli Yannai
Tel Shor: Jewelry, Dress And Cosmetic Articles From Three Persian Burials, Amir Golani, Eli Yannai
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation northwest of Tel Shor exposed the partial remains of a Persian-period cemetery. Within the burial site were three intact tombs, two belonging to adult females and one to a child of undetermined sex. The burial goods include a rich corpus of jewelry, comprising earrings and finger rings, pendants, beads for necklaces and a few dress and cosmetic articles. The good state of preservation of the tombs allowed the funerary items to be studied in their archaeological context. Two of the tombs were exceptionally rich in finds, indicating the high social status of the deceased.
Tel Shor: The Glass Vessels, Tamar Winter
Tel Shor: The Glass Vessels, Tamar Winter
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Among the glass vessels from Tel Shor is a cast bowl adorned with beaded decoration, dated to the late Hellenistic period, which contributes to the currently meager data on the distribution of this quite rare type. A third-century CE bottle, unearthed alongside a Roman-period clay bottle, supports the attribution of the tomb in which they were found to the Roman period.
Tel Shor: Stamped Amphora Handles, Donald T. Ariel, Tania Panagou
Tel Shor: Stamped Amphora Handles, Donald T. Ariel, Tania Panagou
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation at Tel Shor yielded three closely dated stamped amphora handles: two Rhodian, dating to 158–137 BCE, and one Knidian, dating to the third quarter of the second century BCE.
Tel Shor: A Cemetery From The Persian Period And Finds From The Late Chalcolithic–Roman And Ottoman Periods In The Western Jezreel Valley / תל שור: בית קברות מהתקופה הפרסית וממצאים מהתקופות הכלקוליתית המאוחרת–הרומית והעות׳מאנית במערב עמק יזרעאל, Eli Yannai
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A salvage excavation c. 50 m northwest of Tel Shor uncovered a cemetery dating to the Persian period, as well as two Iron Age graves and one Roman-period grave that overlies a Persian-period cist grave. Pottery sherds dating from the late Chalcolithic period, the Early, Intermediate and Middle Bronze Ages and the Iron Age were also found, indicating settlement at the site from the fourth millennium BCE through the Persian period. Above the Persian-period cemetery stratum were a settlement surface and refuse heaps dating from the Hellenistic period. The Roman-period grave may indicate that the area continued to serve as …
Khirbat Khuwweikha (Kafr Kanna): Hiding Complexes From The Roman And Early Byzantine Periods In The Jewish Galilee, Yinon Shivtiel, Dror Barshad, Dina Avshalom-Gorni, Nili Ahipaz, Ruthy Lewis-Bloom, Yonatan Adler, Ram Bouchnick, Yarden Pagelson, Uri Berger
Khirbat Khuwweikha (Kafr Kanna): Hiding Complexes From The Roman And Early Byzantine Periods In The Jewish Galilee, Yinon Shivtiel, Dror Barshad, Dina Avshalom-Gorni, Nili Ahipaz, Ruthy Lewis-Bloom, Yonatan Adler, Ram Bouchnick, Yarden Pagelson, Uri Berger
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Decades of research on Roman-period hiding complexes in the Galilee have identified 85 such complexes to date. Like the hiding complexes found in Judea, they were used as places of refuge during periods of distress under Roman rule in the country. Extensive archaeological excavations conducted in the hiding complex at Khirbat Khuwweikha, near Kafr Kanna and northwest of Nazareth, have yielded impressive finds, including pottery, glassware, metal items, coins, an ostracon and bones. Such a large quantity of diagnostic finds is rare in Galilean hiding complexes, and the assemblage attests to the use of the complex by Jews during three …
Kafr Kama: The Marble Finds, Anastasia Shapiro
Kafr Kama: The Marble Finds, Anastasia Shapiro
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The study of 127 marble fragments from the excavation of the Umayyad building at Kafr Kama revealed that most of the samples are made of Proconnesian marble and originally belonged to panels that likely decorated a church demolished by the earthquake of 749 CE. The collapse of the building caused the breakage of the panels, which then became spolia. They were marked and reshaped into small geometric forms, such as octagons or trapezoids measuring up to 20–30 cm. Given that no completed items were found, the studied assemblage probably represents the workplace of a stonemason active in Umayyad-period Kafr Kama.
Kafr Kama: The Coins, Robert Kool
Kafr Kama: The Coins, Robert Kool
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavation at Kafr Kama yielded five coins. One coin, minted in Rome, dates to the reign of Constantius II, while the others are from the Early Islamic period. Among these are a gold dinar and two silver dirhams from the early Abbasid period, including a rare dirham minted in al-Haruniya during the brief reign of the caliph al-Hadi. The coin assemblage attests to activity at the site during the third quarter of the eighth century CE.
Kafr Kama: Building, Oil Press And Glass Industry From The Late Byzantine–Early Umayyad Periods And Remains From The Middle Bronze Age, Roman And Mamluk Periods / כפר כמא: מבנה, בית בד ותעשיית זכוכית מהתקופות הביזנטית המאוחרת–האומיית הקדומה ושרידים מהתקופות הברונזה התיכונה, הרומית והממלוכית, Omar Zidan
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A salvage excavation south of Kafr Kama revealed four occupational strata (IV–I). The two lowermost strata yielded meager architectural remains dating to the Middle Bronze Age (Stratum IV) and the Roman period (Stratum III), indicating early settlement at the site. Stratum II, which comprised two distinct occupational phases, yielded a building, an oil press and a glass-production furnace, along with glass-production debris, dating from the transition between the Byzantine and Umayyad periods. The site appears to have been abandoned during the late Umayyad period, with resettlement occurring in the Mamluk period, as indicated by a Mamluk-period refuse pit uncovered in …
Karme Qatif: A Villa From The Second Temple Period In The Judean Shephelah / כרמי קטיף: וילה משלהי ימי בית שני בשפלת יהודה, Daniel Varga, Yigal Israel
Karme Qatif: A Villa From The Second Temple Period In The Judean Shephelah / כרמי קטיף: וילה משלהי ימי בית שני בשפלת יהודה, Daniel Varga, Yigal Israel
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Three seasons of salvage excavations conducted at Karme Qatif uncovered a villa from the Second Temple period. The villa comprised four wings: a central courtyard; a western residential wing; an eastern wing containing a bathhouse; and a northern wing, which probably included the entrance to the villa. Finds from the building include a few locally made pottery vessels attributed to the Roman period, along with ceramic pipes used to convey water to the bathhouse. Several hiding complexes, soft limestone vessels, coins from the time of the Bar Kokhba Revolt and a miqveh uncovered in the vicinity of the villa may …
Highway 3: Microscopic And Elemental Analyses Of Plaster From The Byzantine Levigation Pool Complex, Svetlana Gasanova, Davida Eisenberg-Degen
Highway 3: Microscopic And Elemental Analyses Of Plaster From The Byzantine Levigation Pool Complex, Svetlana Gasanova, Davida Eisenberg-Degen
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Microscopic and elemental analyses were employed on two plaster samples from the Byzantine levigation pools uncovered in the Highway 3 excavations. While the mineral composition of the samples was broadly similar, differences in flakiness and aggregate content imply variations in materials and techniques, indicating different construction or repair phases.
Highway 3: Modern Ammunition, Assaf Peretz
Highway 3: Modern Ammunition, Assaf Peretz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This article presents an analysis of modern ammunition artifacts connected to World War I military operations, uncovered during excavations along Highway 3 near es-Sawafir el-Gharbiya. The finds include British and Ottoman cartridges and spent cartridges and an Ottoman hand grenade, linked to troop movements and engagements during the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force’s pursuit of retreating Ottoman forces following the third battle of Gaza in November 1917. The study contextualizes these artifacts within the operational history of the Australian Mounted Corps and Ottoman defensive actions. Additionally, the article discusses ammunition from the 1948 War of Independence found at the site, highlighting …
Highway 3: Mollusks From Byzantine–Early Islamic Contexts, Inbar Ktalav
Highway 3: Mollusks From Byzantine–Early Islamic Contexts, Inbar Ktalav
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This report discusses 24 bivalve remains retrieved from various fills. Most of the assemblage (twenty specimens) is comprised of the Nilotic bivalve Chambardia rubens, followed by two valves of the Mediterranean bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, one local freshwater bivalve Unio mancus and one Scaphopoda Antalis inaequicostata. The malacological evidence implies geographical connections with both the Mediterranean coast and the Nile region during the Byzantine–Early Islamic period. Most of the assemblage consists of nacreous shells, which may have been used in the inlay industry or as food items.
Highway 3: Faunal Remains From Byzantine, Byzantine–Early Islamic And Ottoman Contexts, Lee Perry-Gal
Highway 3: Faunal Remains From Byzantine, Byzantine–Early Islamic And Ottoman Contexts, Lee Perry-Gal
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A faunal assemblage of 174 identified animal bones was recovered from excavations along Highway 3, mainly from Byzantine and Byzantine–Early Islamic and Ottoman contexts, with a small contribution from Late Roman strata. The remains originate primarily from refuse pits and from industrial-agricultural installations, including reservoirs, ovens and silos. The assemblage was analyzed using a diagnostic zone recording system, standard osteological identification, age-at-death assessment and detailed taphonomic analysis. The Byzantine and Byzantine–Early Islamic assemblages are dominated by caprines, mainly sheep, followed by pigs, equids and cattle, with minor representation of chicken and camel. Caprine mortality profiles indicate mainly mature individuals, suggesting …
Highway 3: The Coins, Gabriela Bijovsky
Highway 3: The Coins, Gabriela Bijovsky
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This is a modest group of coins that span interruptedly a period from the first century CE to the first half of the sixth century CE. The earliest coin, dated to Antiochus IV, is a residual find, and the latest coin is an Abbasid fals. Most coin types are conventional. The fact that four chi-rho pentanummia imitations were discovered strengthens the suggestion that these poorly-preserved coins were minted in the area of modern Ashqelon.
Highway 3: The Glass Finds, Tamar Winter
Highway 3: The Glass Finds, Tamar Winter
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The glass finds from the excavation along Highway 3 include a single cast bowl of the late Hellenistic–Early Roman periods and vessels dated to the Late Roman−early Byzantine, Byzantine and late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. Additionally, the excavation yielded Late Islamic–Ottoman-period glass bracelets, as well as various beads. Especially noteworthy are a Byzantine-period cylindrical beaker, which complements the only other documented example from Israel, and a trough-shaped bar, for which no analogous examples from other excavations have been located so far. Furthermore, the number, variety and quality of the Late Islamic–Ottoman-period bracelets are notable, as not many such finds have been …
Highway 3: The Late Ottoman Ceramics, Anna De Vincenz
Highway 3: The Late Ottoman Ceramics, Anna De Vincenz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A small, ceramic vessel assemblage dated to the late Ottoman period is presented here. The assemblage consists of household ceramics, including a variety of Black Gaza Ware vessels and handmade cooking pots. A rather large number of probably locally made ceramic smoking pipes are also part of this assemblage.
Highway 3: Late Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Pottery, Ilan Peretz
Highway 3: Late Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Pottery, Ilan Peretz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The pottery in this report was recovered from the salvage excavation along Highway 3, at the former Ottoman villages of es-Sawafir el-Gharbiya and es-Sawafir esh-Sharqiya. The finds presented here date from the late Persian, Hellenistic and Roman period. The Roman pottery is attributed to the late first–second centuries CE and includes fine wares (mainly ESA), cooking vessels and imported amphorae and lamps.
Highway 3: The Iron Age Pottery, Svetlana Talis
Highway 3: The Iron Age Pottery, Svetlana Talis
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations along Highway 3 yielded pottery from the Iron Age. The finds were retrieved from fills without clear stratigraphic context, and no architectural remains from the Iron Age were identified. The vessels are therefore presented chronologically, dating from the Iron Age IIA and IIB (tenth–eighth centuries BCE), based on parallels from sites in Judaea, the Shephelah and the southern coastal plain, such as Tel Lakhish, Tel Batash, Tel es-Safi and Tel Ashdod. The Iron Age IIA pottery comprises Philistine-style kraters and chalices, while the Iron Age IIB artifacts include open, rounded and carinated bowls, cooking pots and holemouth jars. …
Highway 3: Architectural Remains From The Late Hellenistic, Late Roman–Early Islamic And Late Ottoman Periods, Davida Eisenberg-Degen
Highway 3: Architectural Remains From The Late Hellenistic, Late Roman–Early Islamic And Late Ottoman Periods, Davida Eisenberg-Degen
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Excavations along Highway 3 revealed intermittent occupation, with remains from the late Hellenistic, Late Roman, Byzantine–Early Islamic and Ottoman periods, as well as earlier unstratified pottery from Iron Age II. The late Hellenistic period is represented by a winepress, likely associated with a rural farmstead. A winepress and a hypocaust, dated to the Late Roman–early Byzantine periods, may reflect the expansion of the settlement exposed in previous excavations to the east of the present excavation. Byzantine–Early Islamic remains include pottery-production facilities comprising potter’s wheels, levigation pools and slags. The latest remains date to the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries (late Ottoman period), reflecting …
Sheikh ḤIlu: The Late Ottoman Ceramic Assemblage, Anna De Vincenz
Sheikh ḤIlu: The Late Ottoman Ceramic Assemblage, Anna De Vincenz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A small assemblage of ceramic artifacts, dating to the late Ottoman period, was recovered from excavations at Sheikh Ḥilu. The assemblage is typical of the period, including locally produced vessels made of Black Gaza Ware and other coarse wares, as well as a few items of imported glazed tableware. The ceramic smoking pipes, characteristic of the Ottoman period, span from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century and could have been made locally or imported from one of the many pipe-making workshops in the Ottoman Empire.
Sheikh Ḥilu: The Medieval Pottery Assemblage, Elisabeth Yehuda
Sheikh Ḥilu: The Medieval Pottery Assemblage, Elisabeth Yehuda
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This article examines the pottery assemblage unearthed during the excavations at Sheikh Ḥilu. It comprises a variety of local and imported vessels, including unglazed and glazed bowls, frying pans, cooking pots and jugs. These vessels range in date from the twelfth century to the early Mamluk period but converge during the thirteenth century, thus testifying to a settlement at Sheikh Ḥilu during the late Crusader period.
Sheikh Ḥilu: A Crusader Structure And Additional Remains From The Iron Age And Late Ottoman Period, Yoav Arbel, ‘Abed A-Salam Sa‘Id
Sheikh Ḥilu: A Crusader Structure And Additional Remains From The Iron Age And Late Ottoman Period, Yoav Arbel, ‘Abed A-Salam Sa‘Id
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Excavations at the site of Sheikh Ḥilu in Ḥadera revealed the remains of a possible manor house or farm dating from the Crusader period. The partially exposed two-phase complex is a rare example of a settlement from this period in the Sharon plain. Careful planning and relatively high construction quality attest to its significance; however, apart from its solid architecture, there is no evidence of fortification. The site underwent a non-violent abandonment at the end of the Crusader period, after which it was temporarily settled by squatters. In the late Ottoman period and the early twentieth century, this was the …