Archaeological Anthropology Commons^™

Architecture And The Organization Of Labor At Tsegi Phase (Ad 1250-1300) Cliff Dwellings, Navajo National Monument, Katharine M. Williams

Anthropology ETDs

This study focuses on the organization of architectural labor at Betatakin and Keet Seel during the Tsegi Phase (AD 1250-1300). The goal of this project is to identify whether people worked together as households, suprahouseholds, communities, or had specialists come in to build. I document variability in architectural attributes across rooms within individual houses, which is then linked to builder choices, and thus allows for the identification of architectural products associated with discrete production groups. Builders that work together share their decisions to the extent that their output is distinct from the work of others. This project expands on traditional …

Folsom Activity, Mobility, And Flaked Stone Technological Organization At The Rio Rancho Folsom Site, New Mexico Locus 4147 And As-2, William A. Skidmore-Farren

Anthropology Graduate Student Publications

What are the similarities and differences within locus 4147/AS-2 technological organization? Determining the function of the site may reveal new adaptive strategies used by Paleoindian groups and perhaps tell us more about their social and technological organization. By measuring, identifying, analyzing, and comparing the lithic components of the locus 4147/AS-2, I hope to further our understanding of the Rio Rancho site’s function and technological organization. A study of the spatial distribution of various artifact types within the locus will also help determine the function. Chemical (XRF) and physical analysis of the variety of lithic materials from the sites will also …

"When The Tide Is Out, The Table Is Set": Shellfish Harvesting Throughout The Holocene At Labouchere Bay, Southeast Alaska, Mark R. Williams

Anthropology ETDs

“When the tide is out, the table is set” is a familiar saying among Native communities on the Northwest Coast of North America. This phrase encapsulates traditional ecological knowledge passed down for generations concerning intertidal marine resources. Recent archaeological excavations of shellfish gathering camps at Labouchere Bay confirm that ancient people may have followed similar principles throughout the Holocene (c.9,500 -2,500 years ago). For millennia, shellfish have been a highly reliable food source that helped support sedentary fisher-hunter-gatherer settlements. Although shellfish habitats represent highly predictable foraging opportunities, optimal foraging strategies must be carefully managed to avoid overharvesting. Collecting just enough …

Buying Goodwill: Local And Regional Consumer Relationships In Nineteenth Century New Mexico, Erin Nicole Hegberg

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation uses comparative analysis of four nineteenth century Hispanic sites to examine the daily practices by Hispanic residents of acquiring and consuming material goods (1821–1912). Through the practice of consumption, Hispanics created and reinforced social relationships with the groups who bartered or sold them goods. In frontier New Mexico consumer relationships reflected important networks that may have played a role in the creation and maintenance of modern Hispanic identity after U.S. annexation. The nineteenth century was a key moment in the developing racialization of Hispanic identity in New Mexico, which makes it a vital period of study for archaeologists …

3d Library From Body Size From Unconventional Specimens: A 3d Geometric Morphometrics Approach To Fishes From Ancestral Pueblo Contexts, Jonathan Dombrosky, Thomas F. Turner, Alexandra Harris, Emily Lena Jones

Anthropology Faculty & Staff Publications

Animal body size estimation from zooarchaeological specimens often relies on specific, one-dimensional (i.e., conventional) measures from skeletal elements. Here, we introduce an animal body size estimation technique for archaeological fishes that relies on 3D reference scans and the calculation of centroid size, a standard 3D geometric morphometric proxy measure for organism size. Centroid size-based estimations on whole caudal vertebrae are strongly correlated with a widely accepted measure (i.e., centrum width), but the scalability and flexibility of the centroid size-based approach allows for use on a wide variety of fragmented remains. We use zooarchaeological fish remains (subfamily Ictiobinae) from late pre-Hispanic …

Paleoindian Response To Climate Change In The Northern Jornada Del Muerto, Christopher Wayne Merriman

Anthropology ETDs

Human-environment interaction is a long-standing and productive line of inquiry that includes the study of cultural responses to climate change. However, demonstrating a causal relationship between climate change and the consequent culture change is rarely straightforward for numerous reasons. In this dissertation I develop an optimality model to predict how Paleoindians should have responded to changes in precipitation across the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene. The water supply model (WSM) ranks water supplies much like the diet breadth model ranks food resources. To adjust the WSM for climate change, paleoclimate records from playas in the northern Jornada del Muerto were used in …

Hand Of The Potter, Hand Of The State: Pottery Production And Control In Tawantinsuyu, James A. Davenport

Anthropology ETDs

In empires, material culture plays an important role in creating and maintaining state power and legitimizing imperial rule. Through their form and decoration in imperial styles, these objects convey messages about state power, yet their production is often decentralized and carried out by subjects. This dissertation asks the question, how do imperial authorities organize the production of material culture? This question is addressed through a study of one category of material culture—Inka imperial pottery—from the site of Pachacamac, in Peru.

The Inka empire, called Tawantinsuyu, was a territorial empire spanning over 2 million km² in Andean South America …

Effects Of Environmental Change On Ancestral Pueblo Fishing In The Middle Rio Grande, Jonathan William Dombrosky

Anthropology ETDs

It has long been assumed that fishes were unimportant in the diet of past Pueblo people in the U.S. Southwest. Yet, small numbers of fish remains are consistently recovered from Late pre-Hispanic/Early Historic archaeological sites in the Middle Rio Grande of New Mexico. The end of drought conditions may have impacted food choice and fishing decisions during this time. I use behavioral ecology to understand how fishing could have been an optimal food-getting strategy for Ancestral Pueblo farmers. Stable isotope analysis offers a way to account for environmental change. I provide a refined ¹³C Suess correction model to support …

The Tijeras Pueblo (La 581) Archaeofaunal Project, Emily Lena Jones, Scott Kirk, Caitlin S. Ainsworth, Asia Alsgaard, Jana Valesca Meyer, Cyler Conrad

Anthropology Datasets

These files contain data generated by the Tijeras Pueblo (LA 581) Archaeofaunal Project, a project of the University of New Mexico Department of Anthropology Zooarchaeology Laboratory between 2011 and the present. This project has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1732622 and by a grant from the Research Allocations Committee of the University of New Mexico.

These data are the basis of the analyses presented in the following publication:

Jones, Emily Lena, Scott Kirk, Caitlin S. Ainsworth, Asia Alsgaard, Jana Valesca Meyer, and Cyler Conrad. 2021. The Community at the Crossroads: Artiodactyl Exploitation and …

Radiocarbon And Contextual Data For Non Nok Tha, Don Kok Pho And Don Pa Daeng, Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand, Cyler N. Conrad, Eden Franz, Ernestene Green, Emily Lena Jones

Anthropology Datasets

This compendium includes ten documents: 1) the "Buckley Letter" describing the radiocarbon analysis results for sample I-5324, 2) the "GaK-653" sheet describing the radiocarbon analysis results for sample GaK-653, 3) the "GaK-1026" sheet describing the radiocarbon analysis results for sample GaK-1026, 4) the "Geochron Letter" describing radiocarbon analysis results for sample GX-1612, 5) Ernestene Green's ca. 1965 field notes on her test excavations at Don Kok Pho (NP6), 6) Ernestene Green's ca. 1965 field notes on her test excavations at Non Nok Tha (NP7), 7) Ernestene Green's ca. 1965 field notes on her test excavations at Don Pa Daeng (NP8), …

Digitized Galapagos Tortoise Whaling Data From 1831-1868, Cyler Norman Conrad, Noah Garwood, James P. Gibbs

Anthropology Datasets

This repository includes a spreadsheet of digitized Galapagos tortoise count data originally transcribed from whaling and sealing logbooks by Charles H. Townsend and published in 1925. Notes are included which describe how the counts were digitized. Data published in Townsend (1925) and digitized here are presented in: Conrad, C. and Gibbs, J.P. (in preparation). Chapter 4: The Era of Exploitation: 1535-1959. In Galapagos Giant Tortoises, Gibbs, James P., Linda J. Cayot and Wacho Tapia (eds.). Elsevier.

Using Archaeological Remote Sensing To Evaluate Land Use And Constructed Space In Chaco Canyon, Jennie Odessa Sturm

Anthropology ETDs

Archaeological remote sensing includes a suite of non-invasive methods that can be used to study elements of the archaeological record that may not be achievable otherwise. Using primarily geophysical remote sensing, and especially ground-penetrating radar (GPR), three studies involving questions of “use” were conducted in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. The first used GPR to study the built interior features of a single room in Pueblo Bonito to evaluate use and function of that room. Three categories of features were identified in the GPR data and confirmed with subsequent excavation. The second study used GPR to re-evaluate an enigmatic land use …

Seventeenth-Century Spanish Colonial Identity In New Mexico: A Study Of Identity Practices Through Material Culture, Caroline Marie Gabe

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation explores how seventeenth-century Spanish colonial households expressed their group identity at a regional level in New Mexico. Through the material remains of daily practice and repetitive actions, identity markers tied to adornment, technological traditions, and culinary practices are compared between 14 assemblages to test four identity models. Seventeenth-century colonists were eating a combination of Old World domesticates and wild game on colonoware and majolica serving vessels, cooking using Indigenous pottery, grinding with Puebloan style tools, and conducting household scale production and prospecting. While assemblages are consistent in basic composition, variations are present tied to socioeconomic status. This blending …

Trends In Health, Stress, And Migration In The Pre-Contact Southwest United States, Alexis O'Donnell

Anthropology ETDs

The major goal of this dissertation was to examine migration and its impacts on health through use of dental morphological and paleopathological data. The case study is the Southwest United States between A.D. 1200-1400s. The second chapter, written with Corey Ragsdale, Biological Distance and the Fate of the Gallina in the American Southwest, examines where the Gallina people may have gone upon abandoning their homes in the late A.D. 1200s. We used dental data for 492 individuals and mean measure of divergence (biodistance) analysis to examine several hypotheses regarding where the Gallina went. We find that the Gallina may have …

Explaining Variation And Change Among Late Pleistocene And Early Holocene Microblade-Based Societies In Northeastern Asia, Meng Zhang

Anthropology ETDs

This project aims to provide a culture-ecological explanation of variation and change among microblade-based societies in Northeastern Asia during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene between c. 30,000 - 6,000 years ago. Assuming that paleoenvironmental changes stimulated cultural changes due to available food resources and that local environment conditioned cultural variation, the development of microblade-based societies can be divided into four phases (c.30-22 kya, 22-15 kya, 15-10 kya, 10-c.1 kya uncal. BP) in four regions (north continental, south continental, north insular, and south insular).

The study’s macroecological approach based on Constructing Frames of Reference (Binford 2001) is applied to elucidate …

Women Hidden In In-Between Spaces: Using Brothels To Expand The Archaeology Of Gender, Addey Susanne Dominguez

2019 Award Winners

No abstract provided.

Ecospaces Of The Iberian Peninsula At The Middle-Upper Paleolithic Transition: A View From The Archaeofaunal Record [Dataset], Emily Lena Jones, Milena M. Carvalho

Anthropology Datasets

No abstract provided.

Vecinidad And Hispanidad: Using Consumer Relationships To Understand Local And Regional Hispanic Identity In Nineteenth Century Territorial New Mexico, Erin N. Hegberg

Shared Knowledge Conference

The years 1821–1912 were politically tumultuous and may have been especially important in the development of modern Hispanic identity in New Mexico. After New Mexico was annexed by the United States, one significant impact of incoming American racial discourses was a shift in the perception of Hispanic identity from a localized community identity, to a racial or ethnic identity at a regional or national scale. However, we have little understanding of what this meant in the lives of typical rural New Mexicans. This research addresses this problem through the study the material goods that historic New Mexicans consumed on a …

Mainland Southeast Asia In The Longue Durée: A Zooarchaeological Test Of The "Broad Spectrum Revolution" In Northern Thailand, Cyler Norman Conrad

Anthropology ETDs

In northern Thailand, previous zooarchaeological research suggests that hunter-gatherers consumed a broad diversity of animal resources during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and afterwards (Gorman 1971a). This is a pattern characteristic of Kent Flannery’s (1969) “broad spectrum revolution” hypothesis. Based primarily on presence and absence evidence, faunal assemblages in northern Thailand typically include species of mammals, reptiles, birds, fish and shellfish, suggesting that prehistoric foragers consumed a wide range of taxa within this mainland Southeast Asian tropical environment. Although zooarchaeological analyses commonly identify this pattern within prehistoric cave and rockshelter sites, past investigations have 1) not attempted to formally test Flannery’s hypothesis, …

Revisiting The Vasco-Cantabrian Solutrean: The Archaeofaunal Record [Dataset], Emily Lena Jones

Anthropology Datasets

No abstract provided.

The Past In The Present: Federal Implementation Of The Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act, Erin J. Hudson

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation examines the implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act by federal agencies. Specifically, it examines the processes that archaeologists, working in different geographic regions and for different federal agencies, use to complete NAGPRA actions and determine cultural affiliation. A total of nine case studies from two regions (US Southwest and Pacific Northwest) and three federal agencies (USDA Forest Service, National Park Service, and US Army Corps of Engineer) were used to document the complete NAGPRA process as it occurs in real situations, to identify the processes and lines of evidence used to complete those actions, …

Changes In Middle Holocene Shellfish Harvesting Practices: Evidence From Labouchere Bay (49-Pet-476), Southeast Alaska, Mark R. Williams

Anthropology Graduate Student Publications

This paper uses zooarchaeology and community paleoecology to interpret the invertebrate assemblage from a middle Holocene shell midden in Southeast Alaska. The composition of midden 13.3 at Labouchere Bay (AHRS# 49-PET-746), which was occupied between 6,500 and 2,500 calendar years before present, reflects changes in how the human inhabitants of the site interacted with intertidal shellfish communities. The amount of shellfish from soft substrate habitats (mudflats) did not change significantly over time, while the amount of shellfish from hard substrate habitats (rocky tide pools) declined. This trend in the relative abundance of these shellfish in the midden may have been …

Historic And Modern Eastern Pacific Green Sea Turtle Stable Isotopes, Cyler Conrad, Laura Pagès Barceló, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, Calandra N. Turner Tomaszewicz, Marie J. Labonte, Brian M. Kemp, Emily Lena Jones, Michael Stoyka, Kale Bruner, Allen G. Pastron

Anthropology Datasets

Stable isotope data, specimen photographs and R script for the Gold Rush-era sea turtle specimens from San Francisco, California. The stable isotope data are saved as .csv files. R script is provided as a zip file (OQ_SeaTurtle-master.zip) created from the repository developed and hosted at https://github.com/cylerc/OQ_SeaTurtle. Note: Some stable isotope data provided during analyses are from previously published sources (see .csv files and manuscript for references). This repository dataset is described in the manuscript: Conrad, C., L. Pagès Barceló, J.A. Seminoff, C.N. Turner Tomaszewicz, M.J. Labonte, B.M. Kemp, E.L. Jones, M. Stoyka, K. Bruner and A.G. Pastron. in press. …

Data For The Distribution Of Flat-Backed Canteens, Kristina L. Whitney

Anthropology Graduate Student Publications

Since water transport vessels are often a highly conservative vessel form, the appearance of a new water vessel shape—the flat-backed canteen—in the American Southwest around the time of Spanish arrival raises questions concerning its introduction. These data are the basis of a study aimed at documenting the presence of the flat-backed canteen in the American Southwest from the sixteenth through twentieth centuries and explores changes in their distribution and use through time. A total of 128 flat-backed canteens were analyzed from archaeological and ethnographic collections, while 97 additional New World canteens were documented through an extensive literature review. Its contemporary …

Belén’S Plaza Vieja And Colonial Church Site: Memory, Continuity And Recovery, Samuel E. Sisneros

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

This is my capstone project for completion of a Post MA certificate in Historic Preservation and Regionalism. I received the degree in Spring, 2019. The project involves recovering the legacy of a historic colonial church site in Belén, New Mexico. The work involves the descendant community’s sense of place and the continuity of memory and sacredness of Belen’s first church and original plaza.

Investigaciones Sobre La Agricultura Prehispánica Del Sistema Regional De Paquimé, Chihuahua, Mexico: Temporada De 2005, Paul E. Minnis, Michael E. Whalen

Reports from Paquimé, Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, México

Tratar con todas las cuestiones que tenemos será un trabajo de muchos años y el presente proyecto toma los primeros pasos en este proceso. Llevamos a cabo un proyecto corto durante el verano de 2007 con el fin de llegar a una interpretación más elaborada de aspectos importantes de los datos de proyectos previos. Este proyecto consta un estudio de los sistemas de terrazas agrícolas ubicados en los terrenos altos de la region. El cultivo de plantas en dichos terrenos parece haber formado una parte importante -- pero aún mal entendido -- del sistema grande de subsistencia que existía en …

El Sistema Regional De Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, 1991, Paul E. Minnis, Michael E. Whalen

Reports from Paquimé, Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, México

El presente informe se divide en dos partes. La primera parte es una descripción narrativa del proyecto de reconocimiento que reicentemente se llevó a cabo en el noroeste del estado de Chihuahua. Aquí se presenta el fondo del estudio, el metodo de recolección de datos, y una interpretación breve de los resultados mas importantes. Finalmente, se considera la cuestion de investigación futura en base de lo que hemos aprendido. La segunda parte del informe es un apéndice que contiene copias de las formas de inventario de todos los sitios localizados por el proyecto. Mapas topográficos, los cuales indican las localidades …

El Pueblo Guaymí Y Su Futuro, Milton R.A. Machuca-Gálvez, Daniel Holness Carrasco Sr.

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Esta publicación contiene las ponencias y documentos que se presentaron en el FORO SOBRE EL PUEBLO GUAYMÍ SU FUTURO, celebrado en la ciudad de Panamá del 23 al 27 de marzo de 1981. El material está dividido en cinco secciones: una introducción seguida de 1. La historia de los guaymíes; 2. Situación actual del pueblo guaymí; 3 Las luchas guaymíes; 4. Los grandes proyectos de desarrollo: ¿bendición o maldición?; y, 5. "Se hace el camino al andar": pasos en la lucha. Las secciones “guardan una estrecha relación temática con un eje central que aparece a lo largo de la publicación: …

The Significance Of Fluted Points In North American Archaeology, William B. Roosa

Anthropology ETDs

Since publication of the first report on the Folsom site in 1927 much has been written on the subject of Folsom and other fluted points. There is, however, no current synthetic of information on fluted points. This paper is an attempt to synthesize the existing data on this subject. An effort will be made to show the significance of fluted points and their place in North American archaeology. Previous efforts dealing with this subject will be discussed with emphasis on terminology used, typologies established, and distribution studies made. Criteria for establishing types of fluted points with be discussed. Published and …

A Re-Evaluation Of The San Juan Basket Maker Culture And Possible Relationships To Non-Ceramic Group, Charles H. Mcnutt

Anthropology ETDs

During the past few years of study, several of the many problems of Southwestern archeology have come to my attention. That which seems perhaps more interesting then any other concerns the early Anasazi horizons which are variously described as "the Basket Makers," "Basket Maker II and III,” and "the Basket Maker culture." For this reason there is here submitted a discussion of the general Basket Maker concepts.