Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Identity And Technology: Organizational Control Of Knowledge-Intensive Work, Guowei Jian

Guowei Jian

Much has been written about the functioning of managerial ideologies in identity-based organizational control. However, less attention has been given to the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and identity defined by a technological discourse in regulating knowledge-intensive work. The purpose of this research is to examine the roles of identity and ICTs in the control of knowledge-intensive work. A case study of a technology service organization reveals that the construction and consumption of a technologist identity operate as organizational control, and that ICTs enable the functioning of a dialectic of technological control. This study also demonstrates the paradoxical …

Cognitive Trait Anxiety, Situational Stress, And Mental Effort Predict Shifting Efficiency: Implications For Attentional Control Theory, Elizabeth Edwards, Mark Edwards, Michael Lyvers

Mark Edwards

Attentional control theory (ACT) predicts that trait anxiety and situational stress interact to impair performance on tasks that involve attentional shifting. The theory suggests that anxious individuals recruit additional effort to prevent shortfalls in performance effectiveness (accuracy), with deficits becoming evident in processing efficiency (the relationship between accuracy and time taken to perform the task). These assumptions, however, have not been systematically tested. The relationship between cognitive trait anxiety, situational stress, and mental effort in a shifting task (Wisconsin Card Sorting Task) was investigated in 90 participants. Cognitive trait anxiety was operationalized using questionnaire scores, situational stress was manipulated through …

Reflections From The Wearable Computing Conference In Toronto, Canada, Nick Rheinberger, Katina Michael, Alexander Hayes

Alexander Hayes Mr.

Could sports men and women who are monitored using wearable computers actually be playing to a global theatre to ensure the upkeep of their performance benchmarks instead of consciously watching and reacting to what is happening in the game they are playing? What are the social implications of heart rate monitors and GPS units now embedded into player clothing? What were some of the reflections from the IEEE ISTAS13 meeting on Wearable Computers in Every Day Life? What were some of the main messages that you walked away with from that conference? What made the greatest impression on us was …

Cognitive Trait Anxiety, Situational Stress, And Mental Effort Predict Shifting Efficiency: Implications For Attentional Control Theory, Elizabeth Edwards, Mark Edwards, Michael Lyvers

Mike Lyvers

Attentional control theory (ACT) predicts that trait anxiety and situational stress interact to impair performance on tasks that involve attentional shifting. The theory suggests that anxious individuals recruit additional effort to prevent shortfalls in performance effectiveness (accuracy), with deficits becoming evident in processing efficiency (the relationship between accuracy and time taken to perform the task). These assumptions, however, have not been systematically tested. The relationship between cognitive trait anxiety, situational stress, and mental effort in a shifting task (Wisconsin Card Sorting Task) was investigated in 90 participants. Cognitive trait anxiety was operationalized using questionnaire scores, situational stress was manipulated through …

Cognitive Trait Anxiety, Situational Stress, And Mental Effort Predict Shifting Efficiency: Implications For Attentional Control Theory, Elizabeth Edwards, Mark Edwards, Michael Lyvers

Dr Elizabeth Edwards

Attentional control theory (ACT) predicts that trait anxiety and situational stress interact to impair performance on tasks that involve attentional shifting. The theory suggests that anxious individuals recruit additional effort to prevent shortfalls in performance effectiveness (accuracy), with deficits becoming evident in processing efficiency (the relationship between accuracy and time taken to perform the task). These assumptions, however, have not been systematically tested. The relationship between cognitive trait anxiety, situational stress, and mental effort in a shifting task (Wisconsin Card Sorting Task) was investigated in 90 participants. Cognitive trait anxiety was operationalized using questionnaire scores, situational stress was manipulated through …

Inline Control Period: An Important Methodological Design Consideration For Assessing Adaptation To A Resistance Training Intervention, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Alison Britton

Darryl J McAndrew

No abstract provided.

No Limits To Watching?, Katina Michael, M.G. Michael

Professor Katina Michael

Little by little, the introduction of new body-worn technologies is transforming the way people interact with their environment and one another, and perhaps even with themselves. Social and environmental psychology studies of human-technology interaction pose as many questions as answers. We are learning as we go: 'learning by doing' through interaction and 'learning by being'. Steve Mann calls this practice existential learning; wearers become photoborgs, a type of cyborg (cybernetic organism) whose primary intent is image capture from the domains of the natural and artificial. This approach elides the distinction between the technology and the human; they coalesce into one.

Session Based Differentiated Quality Of Service Admission Control For Web Servers, Yaya Wei, Chuang Lin, Fengyuan Ren, Eryk Dutkeiwicz, Raad Raad

Dr Raad Raad

Recent advance-session based admission control (SBAC) has resulted in protecting the server from entering a regime in which latencies are excessive or session throughput collapses due to dropped requests and aborted sessions. The goal of this work is to introduce differentiated QoS to SBAC. We propose a two-threshold SBAC scheme (QSBAC). It can provide high throughput for preferred clients especially in overload situation. Furthermore, to adapt to varying traffic loads, a dynamic QSBAC (DQSBAC) scheme is also proposed. The experimental results show that comparing with SBAC scheme, both QSBAC scheme and DQSBAC scheme can sustain higher session throughput for preferred …

Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Of Tri-Layer Conjugated Polymer Actuators, Xiangjiang Wang, Gursel Alici, Chuc Nguyen

Chuc Huu Nguyen

This paper proposes an adaptive sliding mode control methodology to enhance the positioning ability of conducting polymer actuators typified by tri-layer conjugated polymer actuators. This is motivated by the search for an effective control strategy to command such actuators to a desired configuration in the presence of parametric uncertainties and unmodeled disturbances. After analyzing the stability of the adaptive sliding mode control system, experiments were conducted to demonstrate its satisfactory tracking ability, based on a series of experimental results. Implementation of the control law requires a valid model of the conducting polymer actuator and boundaries of the uncertainties and disturbances. …

Feedback Regulation Of Temporal Muscle Activation Patterns For Postural Control Before And After Peripheral Neuropathy, L Ting, D Lockhart, P Stapley, J Macpherson

Dr Paul J Stapley

Introduction: Neural mechanislllS determining temporal pattcl1ls of muscle activity during poshlral responses are not understood. Fulluwing pyridoxine inuuced somatosensory loss in cats, unset latencies of automatic poshu-al responses are delayed, and balance is impaired. We introduce a new method for correlating temporal patterns of muscle activation with task-level variahles in the context of postural responses to perturbation. Methods: We measured postmal responses to support smface tronslations before and after loss of group I afferents indnced by pyridoxine intoxication. We reconstructed temporal EMG patterns llsing a feedback loop with delays, on CoM acceleration. velocity, and displacement. Resnlts: Prior to lesion, temporal …

A Common Neural Substrate For The Control Of Anticipatory And Compensatory Postural Responses, Paul Stapley, Benedicte Schepens, Trevor Drew

Dr Paul J Stapley

We have shown previously that reticulospinal neurones (RSNs) in the brainstem pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) contribute to the production of the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) that precede reaching movements executed in a standing pOSition (Schepens and Drew, 2004, 2006; Schepens, Stapley and Drew, 2008). More recently (Stapley and Drew, 2009), we have also shown that cells in the PMRF contribute to the production of the compensatory responses that are produced by unexpected perturbations (drops) of the support surface from under one paw during quiet stance. In this poster we address the question of whether the same cells in the PMRF …

Posture Control During Online Corrections Of Arm Movements Is Predictive, Julia Leonard, Paul Stapley

Dr Paul J Stapley

The control of reaching to a target in standing involves the feed-forward programming of associated postural adjustments (a PAs) that decelerate the body and arm toward the target (Leonard et ai, 2009). However, little is known about the control of aPAs in situations where the final position of the target goal shifts after the reach movement has been initiated. We hypothesized that a predictive reprogramming of the aPA would occur prior to the adjustment of the arm movement to ensure correct execution of the reaching movement. Using a double step paradigm, we investigated the postural adjustments in standing humans exposed …

Independent Control Of Limb Force Underlies Stability During Voluntary Head Movements In Standing Humans, Paul Stapley, Alicia Hilderley, Julia Leonard

Dr Paul J Stapley

Postural stability during voluntary head movements is maintained through the integration of vestibular and neck afferent inputs. These inputs combine to accurately estimate trunk position in space, relative to a turning head. In animals, a loss of vestibular information leads to an active destabilization of balance as neck afferent information is interpreted as a movement of the trunk under a stable head (Stapley et al. 2006).

Neuromuscular Control And Exercise-Related Leg Pain In Triathletes, Andrew Chapman, Paul Hodges, Andrew Briggs, Paul Stapley, Bill Vicenzino

Dr Paul J Stapley

Previous studies have shown that cycling can directly influence neuromuscular control during subsequent running in some highly trained triathletes. A relationship between this altered neuromuscular control of running and musculoskeletal pain and injury has been proposed; however, this link has not been investigated. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during subsequent running in highly trained triathletes with and without exercise-related leg pain (ERLP). METHODS: Participants were 34 highly trained triathletes: 10 triathletes with a history of ERLP and 24 training-matched control triathletes with no history of ERLP. Knee and ankle kinematics and leg …

Globalization, Management Control & Ideology: Local And Multinational Perspectives, Riad Ajami, C Arrington, Falconer Mitchell, Hanne Nørreklit

Ed Arrington

The ideas and thoughts presented in this book are the result of an academic process which began with a conference entitled Corporate Management, Accounting and Ideology - A Multinational Prespective, held at The Aarhus School fo Business, Denmark, 11-13 December 2003.

Globalization, Management Control And Ideology, Riad Ajami, Cecil Arrington, Falconer Mitchell, Hanne Norreklit

Ed Arrington

No abstract provided.

Inline Control Period: An Important Methodological Design Consideration For Assessing Adaptation To A Resistance Training Intervention, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, Alison Britton

John Sampson

No abstract provided.

Dangerous Psychopaths: Criminally Responsible But Not Morally Responsible, Subject To Criminal Punishment And To Preventive Detention, Ken Levy

Ken Levy

How should we judge psychopaths, both morally and in the criminal justice system? This Article will argue that psychopaths are generally not morally responsible for their bad acts simply because they cannot understand, and therefore be guided by, moral reasons.

Scholars and lawyers who endorse the same conclusion automatically tend to infer from this premise that psychopaths should not be held criminally punishable for their criminal acts. These scholars and lawyers are making this assumption (that just criminal punishment requires moral responsibility) on the basis of one of two deeper assumptions: that either criminal punishment directly requires moral responsibility or …