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Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2021

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Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

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Articles 1 - 30 of 128

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Transforming Scientific Research: Organized Basic Research, Jiaofeng Pan, Xiao Lu, Guanghui Wang Dec 2021

Transforming Scientific Research: Organized Basic Research, Jiaofeng Pan, Xiao Lu, Guanghui Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and accelerated industrial transformation and the rapid development of interdisciplinary research, the basic research is shifting from the exploratory behavior of individual scientist to a more organized form. This article raised the conceptualizing framework of "organized basic research", revealed its characteristics and major types. The article also discussed and clarified several important issues in relate to the organized basic research, that it should stick to the goal of scientific development, it should be led by scientists, and academic freedom would always constitute as its foundation.

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Review Of Eu’S Carbon Neutral Policy System And Its Enlightenment, Liping Dong, Jingjing Zeng, Jiansheng Qu, Huijuan Pei, Qin Liao, Yanfei Liu, Lina Liu, Bingxue Qin Dec 2021

Review Of Eu’S Carbon Neutral Policy System And Its Enlightenment, Liping Dong, Jingjing Zeng, Jiansheng Qu, Huijuan Pei, Qin Liao, Yanfei Liu, Lina Liu, Bingxue Qin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Carbon neutrality is a redefinition of human development mode, and a "self-reform" of the production paradigm. It not only affects the economic development of various countries, but also rebuilds the global geopolitical pattern. Since 2060 carbon neutrality target was proposed in September 2020, China has been working hard on exploring how to establish a system of the carbon neutral policy. By considering the system of carbon neutral policy in European Union that is relatively mature, this study comprehensively reviews and analyzes the EU's system of carbon neutral policy from policy framework, key industry measures, R&D deployment support, and fiscal and …

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Development Experience Of International Open Source And Its Enlightenment To Construction Of Open Source Innovation System In China, Yuntao Long, Xiaoming Wang, Rong Gu, Yungang Bao Dec 2021

Development Experience Of International Open Source And Its Enlightenment To Construction Of Open Source Innovation System In China, Yuntao Long, Xiaoming Wang, Rong Gu, Yungang Bao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Open source has become an essential innovation model for global technological progress and the construction of an open source innovation system is an important path for China to achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology. As an indispensable part of the global software value chain and high-tech industry chain, China needs to improve its open source innovation ecosystem. The paper, based on a systematic review of the related development policies and successful experiences on the open source work in US and Europe, puts forward a series of policy suggestions to solve the practical problems faced by the construction of …

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Strategic Thinking On Deepening International Cooperation In National Natural Science Foundation Of China, Rongping Mu, Shuang Ma, Kaihua Chen, Yun Liu Dec 2021

Strategic Thinking On Deepening International Cooperation In National Natural Science Foundation Of China, Rongping Mu, Shuang Ma, Kaihua Chen, Yun Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an important channel for China to support international cooperation in basic research, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) should play a leading role in the international scientific and technological cooperation in the new era. This paper reviews the layout characteristics, achievements, and the new measures of the international cooperation projects of NSFC in the past decade, and summarizes the experiences of typical countries. It is found that the international cooperation in NSFC has formed a project layout with cooperative research, personnel exchange, and talent cultivation projects, providing important support for China's engagement in global scientific and technological …

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New Understanding On Scientific Research, Peng Du, Hua Shen, Feng Zhang Dec 2021

New Understanding On Scientific Research, Peng Du, Hua Shen, Feng Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the continuous deepening of the nested influence of scientific research and economic society, scientific research has received unprecedented attention. At the same time, it faces bottlenecks in its own development. The scientific research itself, the scientific establishment, and the scientific policy are in a state of change. It is necessary to understand the new laws of scientific knowledge production, and re-understand the interactive relationship between science, technology, and engineering to expand the boundaries of scientific research. This article analyzes the reasons for re-understanding scientific research, expounds the new connotation of scientific research from aspects of object, function and method, …

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Scientific Data Management From Perspective Of Scientific Funding Agencies, Qiuhong Zhao, Yuanrui Li, Xiuquan Deng, Chu Zhang, Baofeng Zhang Dec 2021

Scientific Data Management From Perspective Of Scientific Funding Agencies, Qiuhong Zhao, Yuanrui Li, Xiuquan Deng, Chu Zhang, Baofeng Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the development of technologies such as the acquisition, storage, analysis, and processing of scientific data, scientific research and innovation are gradually moving towards the era of big data, which takes scientific data as the basic scientific and technological resources. Moreover, the data-driven research paradigm has been widely used in the practical work of various disciplines, and the value of scientific data has increased to a prominent position of scientific research and innovation. As a result, the scientific data management responsibilities of research funding agencies are becoming increasingly important. Therefore, based on the analysis of the driving factors of the …

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Thinking On Strategic Research Of Dual Carbon By High-End Sci-Tech Think Tank, Dawei Song Dec 2021

Thinking On Strategic Research Of Dual Carbon By High-End Sci-Tech Think Tank, Dawei Song

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the world's largest energy produce, consume, and carbon emission country, China's road map, construction map, and timetable for achieving the dual carbon goal, i.e., peaking carbon emission and achieving carbon neutrality, have attracted worldwide attention, and to achieve such goal, China has to strategically transform its energy system. This energy strategic transformation process is essentially a process for China to build its strength in manufacture, in science and technology, and in a strong economy. High-end sci-tech think tank should take the dual carbon strategic research as an important task to play the role of gathering wisdom and offering advices, …

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Promoting Organized Basic Research: Strategic Layout And Strategic Capacity In Science And Technology, Jinbo Wan, Feng Zhang, Jiaofeng Pan Dec 2021

Promoting Organized Basic Research: Strategic Layout And Strategic Capacity In Science And Technology, Jinbo Wan, Feng Zhang, Jiaofeng Pan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Focusing on "organized basic research", this study reviews the main experience of major countries in promoting "organized basic research" from three aspects, namely, driving scientific and technological innovation, coordinating the strategic layout, and clarifying the division of strategic capacity in science and technology. Then, from the two perspectives, i.e., task layout of five types of "organized basic research", and main orientation of strategic capacity in science and technology of three types of institution, the study analyzes the promotion ideas of "organized basic research" in China in the new era. Finally, the study puts forward the ways to improve implementation mechanism …

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Thoughts On Optimizing Peer Review Mechanism Of Science Foundation, Guang Chen, Kaihua Chen, Xu Gong, Yi Yuan, Xin Fang Dec 2021

Thoughts On Optimizing Peer Review Mechanism Of Science Foundation, Guang Chen, Kaihua Chen, Xu Gong, Yi Yuan, Xin Fang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Peer review is the self-regulating mechanism of the scientific community and the core link of scientific quality control. The core operating mechanism of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is peer review, which is an important guarantee for the selection of high-quality projects. In order to promote the scientificity, objectivity, and impartiality of peer review, and steadily advance the reform and development of NSFC in the new era, this study analyzes the challenges of the current peer review mechanism of science foundation based on the review of the development of the peer review mechanism, and its advantages and disadvantages. …

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How Could National Natural Science Foundation Of China Better Guide Diversified Investment In Basic Research?, Zhengfeng Li, Chenxiao Wu, Lu Huang, Wei Xue Dec 2021

How Could National Natural Science Foundation Of China Better Guide Diversified Investment In Basic Research?, Zhengfeng Li, Chenxiao Wu, Lu Huang, Wei Xue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

It is one of the key tasks of science and technology in China to adjust the investment structure of basic research funds and accelerate the construction of multiple investment pattern. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) plays an important role in leveraging diversified investment in basic research. At present, the joint funds are the main way for NSFC to guide diversified investment in basic research in China. It is a successful exploration for NSFC to meet national needs, guide diversified investment, promote resource sharing and multilateral cooperation. Nevertheless, on the one hand, the cooperation of the joint funds …

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Policy Overview (November, 2021) Dec 2021

Policy Overview (November, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Optimization Of Funding Policies Of Science Foundation Of China For High-Quality Development Of Basic Research, Shouyang Wang, Rui Tao, Jue Wang Dec 2021

Optimization Of Funding Policies Of Science Foundation Of China For High-Quality Development Of Basic Research, Shouyang Wang, Rui Tao, Jue Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Nowadays, with the vigorous rise of a new round of scientific and technological revolution around the world, emerging disciplines continue to spring up, science and technology develop rapidly and show the characteristics of intersection and fusion. Meanwhile, complex models appear in the field of scientific research, and talents play an increasingly prominent role in the process of scientific and technological innovation. In this context, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is facing a new development opportunity and challenge. It is increasingly significant for how to optimize funding policies, strengthen basic research, enhance talent support for basic research, and build …

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Strategic Positioning Of National Natural Science Foundation Of China Within National Innovation System In New Era, Jianping Cheng, Li Chen, Yonghe Zheng, Jian Zhang Dec 2021

Strategic Positioning Of National Natural Science Foundation Of China Within National Innovation System In New Era, Jianping Cheng, Li Chen, Yonghe Zheng, Jian Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the main channel to support basic research, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (refered as science funds hereafter) plays a leading role in the national innovation system. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, it is urgent to deepen the understanding of the strategic positioning of science funds in the national innovation system to optimize the national innovation system and accelerate the construction of China's strength in science and technology. This paper reviews the development process of China's national innovation system and the evolution of funding orientation of science funds, analyzes the characteristics of the national innovation system in …

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Practice And Enlightenment Of Foreign Main Funding Agencies In Promoting Scientists’ Engagement In Science Communication, Kunpeng Qi, Zhimin Zhang, Leipo Jia, Xi Yang, Yunxiao Zhang, Tianxiao Gao, Cong Wang Dec 2021

Practice And Enlightenment Of Foreign Main Funding Agencies In Promoting Scientists’ Engagement In Science Communication, Kunpeng Qi, Zhimin Zhang, Leipo Jia, Xi Yang, Yunxiao Zhang, Tianxiao Gao, Cong Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As scientists have a deeper understanding of science than other groups, they are irreplaceable in science communication. Funding agencies, which are important part of science system, are gradually devoted to promoting scientists' engagement in science communication, in order to strengthen the mutual relationship between science and society. This study investigates the practice of several funding agencies in promoting scientists' engagement in science communication, such as proposing initiatives and policies, offering fundings, setting up awards, and providing technical supports. Based on it, this study further discusses that the roles should funding agencies take, and tries to bring up policy suggestions in …

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Application And Review Of Biotechnology In Promoting Protective Utilization Of Black Soil, Xianwei Song, Baocai Zhang, Yang Bai, Duofeng Pan, Xiangdong Deng, Hongsheng Wang, Bo Sun, Xiaofeng Cao Dec 2021

Application And Review Of Biotechnology In Promoting Protective Utilization Of Black Soil, Xianwei Song, Baocai Zhang, Yang Bai, Duofeng Pan, Xiangdong Deng, Hongsheng Wang, Bo Sun, Xiaofeng Cao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the past 60 years, the highly-intensive and unreasonable farming of the black soil in Northeast China has brought a series of adverse consequences such as the reduction of organic matter, the serious imbalance of carbon and nitrogen, and the instability of microbiota, which seriously threaten China's food security and agricultural sustainable development. The decrease of organic matter content in black soil is the core issue in the degradation of black soil. Organisms are the source of all organic matter, and the dynamic balance of organic matter driven by organisms is the basis for maintaining the stability of farmland ecosystem …

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Data Infomation: Insights Into History Of Global Infectious Disease Research Dec 2021

Data Infomation: Insights Into History Of Global Infectious Disease Research

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Ethical Governance Of Gene Editing Technology, Huiyuan Wang, Pengfei Li, Lijuan Xu, Liwen Zhang, Caihong He, Yuelei Fan, Jianrong Yu, Zhihong Xu Nov 2021

Ethical Governance Of Gene Editing Technology, Huiyuan Wang, Pengfei Li, Lijuan Xu, Liwen Zhang, Caihong He, Yuelei Fan, Jianrong Yu, Zhihong Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Gene editing technology has been one of the breakthrough technologies for life science research. With the application in biomedical research, healthcare, food and agriculture field, related ethical issues are also concerned. This study summarized the research and application progress of gene editing technology involving ethical issues in recent years. Based on sorting out the international discussions, attitudes, and explorations about gene editing ethics issues, after analyzing the current status, discussions, and measures of applications of gene editing technology on human beings in China, we propose five suggestions about the ethical governance system construction of gene editing technology for China.

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Promoting Integrated Management Of Water Resources To Ensure High-Level Protection And High-Quality Developmen, Conglin Zhang, Haujuan Qiao, Yonghuan Ma, Chuguo Wu, Yintang Wang, Baorong Huang, Fengyuan Guo Nov 2021

Promoting Integrated Management Of Water Resources To Ensure High-Level Protection And High-Quality Developmen, Conglin Zhang, Haujuan Qiao, Yonghuan Ma, Chuguo Wu, Yintang Wang, Baorong Huang, Fengyuan Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Water resources management is essential for a region or a country to maintain and improve the natural environment and ecosystem, promote the sustainable development of the economy and society. Under the new situation, China's water problem has systematic, structural, and watershed characteristics. The types of people's water-related demand are more diversified and its levels are gradually elevated. However, the existing water resources management mode is not effective enough, and the contradiction between people demand and water resources has begun to transform. China's water resources management was analyzed. A series of issues are as follows:unbalanced relationship between the development of water …

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Research On Legal Governance System Of American Basic Research, Lingjuan Li, Changran Zhang, Jiang Yu Nov 2021

Research On Legal Governance System Of American Basic Research, Lingjuan Li, Changran Zhang, Jiang Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The study of the legal governance system of American basic research focuses on two dimensions, (1) The composition of American basic research system and the related legal basis. The American basic research system is a highly complex and dynamic system, including the US Science Foundation, which is dedicated to the free exploration of basic research, and the "mission-oriented basic research" agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the US Energy Agency, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which focuses on national security and social development needs. (2) The legal and regulatory framework for the implementation of different types …

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Development Plans And Enlightenments Of Future Industry Of Major Countries In The World, Bo Zhou, Fuhai Leng, Hong Li, Xiaoyi Chen, Xiaoqi Jia, Chunlei Ge, Zhongyang Xi, Jing Ye Nov 2021

Development Plans And Enlightenments Of Future Industry Of Major Countries In The World, Bo Zhou, Fuhai Leng, Hong Li, Xiaoyi Chen, Xiaoqi Jia, Chunlei Ge, Zhongyang Xi, Jing Ye

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan of China's central and local governments, it is clearly proposed to develop the future industries. In order to provide decision-making reference for the future industries development plan of China. This paper has analyzed the future industries development plans of major countries in the world. By collecting 22 future industries development plans of 7 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, South Korea and Russia, this paper summarizes the concept, characteristics, significance and evolution trends of global future industries development. the deployment of the future industries of these seven countries are analyzed …

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Data Information: Progress Of Strategy Priority Research Program (Category B) Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Nov 2021

Data Information: Progress Of Strategy Priority Research Program (Category B) Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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Constructing Ethical Order Of Digital World, Guoyu Wang, Hong Mei Nov 2021

Constructing Ethical Order Of Digital World, Guoyu Wang, Hong Mei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the digital transformation and the construction of digital China, a digital world parallel to the real world is being born. Historically, numbers have shaped our perception of the world and human beings. Digital transformation will further expand human cognitive space and means, release productivity, and change the way people think and behave. However, the virtuality and "outof domain" characteristics of people and things in the digital world have caused ethical problems in the digital world. Therefore, it is urgent to construct and improve the ethical order of the digital world. The article summarizes the existing three paths of scientific …

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Development And Enlightenment Of American Intelligent Manufacturing, Yi Sun, Muxiong Luo Nov 2021

Development And Enlightenment Of American Intelligent Manufacturing, Yi Sun, Muxiong Luo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the coming of technological and industrial revolution, China's economy steps into a period with strategic opportunities, where the economic structure faces a series of challenges. As an industrial country, the transformation and upgrade of manufacturing industry has become an important channel driving high-quality economic growth and realizing the dual circulation in which domestic circulation is prioritized and domestic-international circulations mutually reinforce each other. In contrast to situation that United States values virtual economy and neglects real economy for a long term, the administrations of Obama, Trump, and Biden consider the strategy revitalizing manufacturing industry as the core industrial strategy …

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China’S Strategies For Governance Of Biotechnological Changes And New Ethical Challenges, Yaojin Peng, Zhou Qi Nov 2021

China’S Strategies For Governance Of Biotechnological Changes And New Ethical Challenges, Yaojin Peng, Zhou Qi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Biotechnology is changing greatly over recent years, providing huge benefits to human society. However, the ethics, safety, and negative externalities of biotechnology have become increasingly prominent. Currently, biotechnology is still in the early stage of development, and full of high uncertainty. Technological changes in this field have the characteristics of stronger subversiveness, complexity, and social relevance. The world is facing a process of great development of biotechnology, new outbreaks of ethical challenges, and ethical governance reforms. China should take this opportunity to promote the high-quality development of biotechnology on the one hand, and on the other hand, adopt a multi-pronged …

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Policy Overview (October, 2021) Nov 2021

Policy Overview (October, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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On Coupling And Coordination Evaluation Of Land-Sea Trade Channels In The Belt And Road, Xiaolin Lan, Guozheng Lan Nov 2021

On Coupling And Coordination Evaluation Of Land-Sea Trade Channels In The Belt And Road, Xiaolin Lan, Guozheng Lan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Belt and Road is a road of land-sea linkage. Trade channels are the key to land-sea linkages, and it is of great practical significance to study the coupling and coordination of them. Taking the nine provinces and cities along the Belt and Road in China from 2007 to 2018 as samples, this work empirically studies the coupling and coordination of land-sea trade channels, and evaluates and analyzes their development level, development speed, and regional differences. Research shows that:the land and sea areas of most provinces and cities are unevenly affected by the Belt and Road Initiative, and there are …

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Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Science And Technology Development Worldwide And Its Enlightenment, Yunwei Chen, Lingjing Cao, Zhiqiang Zhang Nov 2021

Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Science And Technology Development Worldwide And Its Enlightenment, Yunwei Chen, Lingjing Cao, Zhiqiang Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The COVID-19 pandemic has catastrophically affected the economy, society, security, and health around the world, and it has also put forward the new requirements for the development of science and technology. Since then, many countries and regions, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Russia, and European Union, have tried to solve the "dangers" and seek the "opportunities" by applying and developing science and technology. Therefore, these countries and regions are ambitious on scientific and technological strategic arrangements in digital economy, cutting-edge technology, biosafety, climate and environment, in order to accelerate economic recovery. With the introduction …

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Analysis And Strategy Of Ai Ethical Problems, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Jiyu Zhang, Tieniu Tan Nov 2021

Analysis And Strategy Of Ai Ethical Problems, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Jiyu Zhang, Tieniu Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the core of the fourth industrial revolution, and it has brought challenges to ethics and social governance. On the basis of explaining the current ethical risks of artificial intelligence, the study furtherly analyzes the current consensus on ethics, governance principles, and governance approaches of artificial intelligence. Moreover, the study also proposes to take "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" as the guiding theory to gradually build a multi-dimensional ethical governance system, including education reform, ethical norms, technical supports, legal regulations, and international cooperation.

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Current Condition And Protection Strategies Of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Security Barrier, Bojie Fu, Zhiyun Ouyang, Peng Shi, Jie Fan, Xiaodan Wang, Hua Zheng, Wenwu Zhao, Fei Wu Nov 2021

Current Condition And Protection Strategies Of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Security Barrier, Bojie Fu, Zhiyun Ouyang, Peng Shi, Jie Fan, Xiaodan Wang, Hua Zheng, Wenwu Zhao, Fei Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is important ecological security barrier of China and even Asia, and one of biodiversity conservation hotspots. Ensuring ecological security and protecting biodiversity are key tasks of ecological protection in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wildlife is very rich but there are many threatened species. During past 15 years, ecosystem pattern is stable, and ecosystem quality generally elevates in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Correspondingly, water retention, soil retention, and sandstorm prevention are improved and the trend of ecological degradation is suppressed. The construction of natural reserves and the implementation of ecological protection projects in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contribute to the improvement of …

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Trends Observation: Current Situation And Trend Of Ethical Governance In The Field Of Life Sciences Nov 2021

Trends Observation: Current Situation And Trend Of Ethical Governance In The Field Of Life Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

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