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2019

Science and Technology Studies

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Articles 1 - 30 of 53

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

More Than Meets The Eye: Toward An Ontology Of Proximity, Laurie J. Bonnici, Brian C. O'Connor Dec 2019

More Than Meets The Eye: Toward An Ontology Of Proximity, Laurie J. Bonnici, Brian C. O'Connor

Proceedings from the Document Academy

Words cannot describe photographs in the same sense that key words or subject headings can describe verbal documents because words are not native elements of photographs. Words can describe anecdata – reactions and associations that might be functional. Some form of data is coded in some medium, transmitted, received, and decoded. Some forms of coding and circumstances of message making and decoding require little proximity of the recipient to the message maker, while some forms utterly depend on proximity. We explore 10 photographs and interactive data accumulated through interactive exhibition to explore proximity and functional meaning. These examples demonstrate three …

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Too Hard To Find With Too Little Time: What School Social Workers Want In Online Resources For Evidence-Based Practice, Michele Patak-Pietrafesa, Natasha K. Bowen, Ashley E. Stewart, Michael S. Kelly Dec 2019

Too Hard To Find With Too Little Time: What School Social Workers Want In Online Resources For Evidence-Based Practice, Michele Patak-Pietrafesa, Natasha K. Bowen, Ashley E. Stewart, Michael S. Kelly

International Journal of School Social Work

School mental health practitioners, including social workers, are mandated through federal, state, and professional entities to provide evidence-based practices to students. Nevertheless, rates of use of evidence-based practices among mental health professionals in schools remain low, even as knowledge about effective practices increases. This study aimed to further knowledge about how to promote and support the use of evidence-based practices among school practitioners using online technology. School social workers attending a summer professional development event took part in focus groups exploring (a) their current perceptions of evidence-based practices, (b) their experiences finding evidence-based practice information online, and (c) their preferences …

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Deconstructing Durin’S Day: Science, Scientific Fan Fiction, And The Fan-Scholar, Kristine Larsen Dec 2019

Deconstructing Durin’S Day: Science, Scientific Fan Fiction, And The Fan-Scholar, Kristine Larsen

Journal of Tolkien Research

An analysis of attempts by fans (including scientists) to either ascribe a Real World date or a consistent Secondary World date to the fictional luni-solar holiday "Durin's Day" in The Hobbit demonstrates the value of such "scientific fan fiction." In particular, such endeavors can increase the scientific knowledge of both the fan-author and audience. These examples can also be used in the classroom or outreach to demonstrate both the impressive level of Tolkien's integration of real-world science in his sub-creation of Middle-earth, as well as highlight the limitations of Tolkien's understanding (an educational endeavor in and of itself).

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Critical Reviews Of Flawed Research On Prostitution, Donna M. Hughes Nov 2019

Critical Reviews Of Flawed Research On Prostitution, Donna M. Hughes

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

No abstract provided.

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A Pilot Qualitative Case Study Of Agricultural And Natural Resources Scientists’ Twitter Usage For Engaging Public Audiences, Jamie Loizzo, Catherine Jones, Abby Steffen Nov 2019

A Pilot Qualitative Case Study Of Agricultural And Natural Resources Scientists’ Twitter Usage For Engaging Public Audiences, Jamie Loizzo, Catherine Jones, Abby Steffen

Journal of Applied Communications

Scientists are frequently asked to broadly share their expertise and research with a variety of audiences, beyond typical academic circles in their home disciplines. That could include developing community engagement programs, school outreach, leveraging online social networks, and other activities. The purpose of this study was to examine U.S. agricultural and natural resources (ANR) scientists’ typical science communication channels, their experiences utilizing Twitter for sharing their knowledge, research, and engaging in online public science discussion. Diffusion of Innovations theory and the model of science in-reach versus outreach guided this study. Researchers used a qualitative case study design. Data collection included …

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Cyber Metaphors And Cyber Goals: Lessons From “Flatland”, Pierre Trepagnier Oct 2019

Cyber Metaphors And Cyber Goals: Lessons From “Flatland”, Pierre Trepagnier

Military Cyber Affairs

Reasoning about complex and abstract ideas is greatly influenced by the choice of metaphors through which they are represented. In this paper we consider the framing effect in military doctrine of considering cyberspace as a domain of action, parallel to the traditional domains of land, sea, air, and space. By means of the well-known Victorian science-fiction novella Flatland, we offer a critique of this dominant cyber metaphor. In Flatland, the problems of lower-dimensional beings comprehending additional dimensions are explored at some length. Inspired by Flatland, our suggested alternate metaphor for cyber is an additional (fourth) dimension. We …

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Investigating Usage Of Social Media Platforms In South Africa, Adheesh Budree, Kaja Fietkiewicz, Elmar Lins Oct 2019

Investigating Usage Of Social Media Platforms In South Africa, Adheesh Budree, Kaja Fietkiewicz, Elmar Lins

The African Journal of Information Systems

This study investigated the differences in usage of different social media platforms within the South African context, broken down by user characteristics, specifically gender and age, in addition to investigating the correlation between usage of differing social media platforms. This was carried out to determine which social media needs do the different population groups aim to fulfill when using different social media platforms. Based on the results, the study confirmed the existence of preferences between types of social media platforms and groups of social media platforms in South Africa, based on frequency of use by age group and gender. Social …

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Interactive Infographics' Effect On Elaboration In Agricultural Communication, Erin Burnett, Jessica Holt, Abigail Borron, Bartosz Wojdynski Sep 2019

Interactive Infographics' Effect On Elaboration In Agricultural Communication, Erin Burnett, Jessica Holt, Abigail Borron, Bartosz Wojdynski

Journal of Applied Communications

In public health, politics, and advertising, interactive content spurred increased elaboration from audiences that were otherwise least likely to engage with a message. This study sought to examine interactivity as an agricultural communication strategy through the lens of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Respondents were randomly assigned a static or interactive data visualization concerning the production of peaches and blueberries in Georgia, then asked to list their thoughts in accordance with Petty and Cacioppo’s thought-listing measure. Respondents significantly exhibited higher elaboration with the interactive message as opposed to the static, extending the results of past research in other communication realms to …

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Assessing Capacity To Engage In Healthcare To Improve The Patient Experience Through Health Information Technology, Cynthia J. Sieck, Daniel M. Walker, Megan Gregory, Naleef Fareed, Jennifer L. Hefner Jul 2019

Assessing Capacity To Engage In Healthcare To Improve The Patient Experience Through Health Information Technology, Cynthia J. Sieck, Daniel M. Walker, Megan Gregory, Naleef Fareed, Jennifer L. Hefner

Patient Experience Journal

Patient engagement is viewed as a means to improve patient care, increase population health, and decrease health care costs. Efforts to improve engagement are prevalent across healthcare, particularly through health information technology (HIT) tools such as patient portals. However, we know that not all patients have the same ability to engage, leading to potential disparities. We present the Engagement Capacity Framework and suggest that examining capacity for engagement would improve our ability to address currently unmeasured factors that facilitate engagement. The objective was to examine factors that influence an individual’s capacity for engagement through HIT. We administered a paper survey …

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A Systematic Review Of Studies On Educational Robotics, Saira Anwar, Nicholas Alexander Bascou, Muhsin Menekse, Asefeh Kardgar Jul 2019

A Systematic Review Of Studies On Educational Robotics, Saira Anwar, Nicholas Alexander Bascou, Muhsin Menekse, Asefeh Kardgar

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

There has been a steady increase in the number of studies investigating educational robotics and its impact on academic and social skills of young learners. Educational robots are used both in and out of school environments to enhance K–12 students’ interest, engagement, and academic achievement in various fields of STEM education. Some prior studies show evidence for the general benefits of educational robotics as being effective in providing impactful learning experiences. However, there appears to be a need to determine the specific benefits which have been achieved through robotics implementation in K–12 formal and informal learning settings. In this study, …

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Table Of Contents Jitim Vol 28 Issue 2, 2019 Jul 2019

Table Of Contents Jitim Vol 28 Issue 2, 2019

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

Table of Contents JITIM 2, 2019

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A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Impact Of The Indicators In The Networked Readiness Index (Nri), Satya Pratipatti, Ahmed Gomaa Jul 2019

A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Impact Of The Indicators In The Networked Readiness Index (Nri), Satya Pratipatti, Ahmed Gomaa

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

World Economic Forum publishes the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) annually, to reflect the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) status of different countries. The NRI is developed by aggregating 53 indicators. The study identifies the most critical indicators to focus on, to improve the NRI status of countries at different stages of economic development. It uses data from 117 countries and analyzes the changes in the indicators along with their impacts between the years 2012 and 2016. The study explores the differences between countries by grouping them into four groups based on their NRI status. The analysis identifies six indicators with …

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Intelligent Software Tools For Recruiting, Swatee B. Kulkarni, Xiangdong Che Jul 2019

Intelligent Software Tools For Recruiting, Swatee B. Kulkarni, Xiangdong Che

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

In this paper, we outline how recruiting and talent acquisition gained importance within HRM field, then give a brief introduction to the newest tools used by the professionals for recruiting and lastly, describe the Artificial Intelligence-based tools that have started playing an increasingly important role. We also provide further research suggestions for using artificial intelligence-based tools to make recruiting more efficient and cost-effective.

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Investigating Consumer Satisfaction Towards Mobile Marketing, Dr Surabhi Singh Jun 2019

Investigating Consumer Satisfaction Towards Mobile Marketing, Dr Surabhi Singh

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

The extensive applications of mobile phones are visible in global companies for the marketing of their products. The popularity of mobile marketing is increasing considerably. This paper has provided insights into the perspectives of consumer attitude towards mobile marketing in India. The companies will develop an understanding of how mobile marketing influence consumer attitudes. The scale of measurement used for Attitudes was Likert scale and explained the consumer's behavior towards mobile marketing. The factors identified through the study will provide insights into Consumer buying behavior via mobile platforms. The analytical tool SPSS has been used for analysis by using methods …

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The Affective Politics Of Twitter, Johnathan C. Flowers May 2019

The Affective Politics Of Twitter, Johnathan C. Flowers

Computer Ethics - Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE) Proceedings

Given the increasing encroachment of Twitter into offline experience, it has become necessary to look beyond the formation of identity in online spaces to the ways in which identities surface through the formation of affective communities organized through the use of technocultural assemblages, or the platforms, algorithms, and digital networks through which affect circulates in an online space. This essay focuses on the microblogging website Twitter as one such technocultural assemblage whose hashtag functionality allows for the circulation of affect among bodies which “surface” within the affective communities organized on Twitter through their alignment with and orientation by hashtags which …

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Difference Between Algorithmic Processing And The Process Of Lifeworld (Lebenswelt), Domenico Schneider May 2019

Difference Between Algorithmic Processing And The Process Of Lifeworld (Lebenswelt), Domenico Schneider

Computer Ethics - Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE) Proceedings

The following article compares the temporality of the life-world with the digital processing. The temporality of the life-world is determined to be stretched and spontaneous. The temporality of the digital is given by discrete step-by-step points of time. Most ethical issues can be traced back to a mismatch of these two ways of processing. This creates a foundation for the ethics of the digital processing. Methodologically, phenomenological considerations are merged with media-philosophical considerations in the article.

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Rethinking Algorithmic Bias Through Phenomenology And Pragmatism, Johnathan C. Flowers May 2019

Rethinking Algorithmic Bias Through Phenomenology And Pragmatism, Johnathan C. Flowers

Computer Ethics - Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE) Proceedings

In 2017, Amazon discontinued an attempt at developing a hiring algorithm which would enable the company to streamline its hiring processes due to apparent gender discrimination. Specifically, the algorithm, trained on over a decade’s worth of resumes submitted to Amazon, learned to penalize applications that contained references to women, that indicated graduation from all women’s colleges, or otherwise indicated that an applicant was not male. Amazon’s algorithm took up the history of Amazon’s applicant pool and integrated it into its present “problematic situation,” for the purposes of future action. Consequently, Amazon declared the project a failure: even after attempting to …

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Autonomous Vehicles And The Ethical Tension Between Occupant And Non-Occupant Safety, Jason Borenstein, Joseph Herkert, Keith W. Miller May 2019

Autonomous Vehicles And The Ethical Tension Between Occupant And Non-Occupant Safety, Jason Borenstein, Joseph Herkert, Keith W. Miller

Computer Ethics - Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE) Proceedings

Autonomous vehicle manufacturers, people inside an autonomous vehicle (occupants), and people outside the vehicle (non-occupants) are among the distinct stakeholders when addressing ethical issues inherent in systems that include autonomous vehicles. As responses to recent tragic cases illustrate, advocates for autonomous vehicles tend to focus on occupant safety, sometimes to the exclusion of non-occupant safety. Thus, we aim to examine ethical issues associated with non-occupant safety, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, and riders of motorized scooters. We also explore the ethical implications of technical and policy ideas that some might propose to improve non-occupant safety. In addition, if safety (writ large) …

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A Ulysses Pact With Artificial Systems. How To Deliberately Change The Objective Spirit With Cultured Ai, Bruno Gransche May 2019

A Ulysses Pact With Artificial Systems. How To Deliberately Change The Objective Spirit With Cultured Ai, Bruno Gransche

Computer Ethics - Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE) Proceedings

The article introduces a concept of cultured technology, i.e. intelligent systems capable of interacting with humans and showing (or simulating) manners, of following customs and of socio-sensitive considerations. Such technologies might, when deployed on a large scale, influence and change the realm of human customs, traditions, standards of acceptable behavior, etc. This realm is known as the "objective spirit" (Hegel), which usually is thought of as being historically changing but not subject to deliberate human design. The article investigates the question of whether the purposeful design of interactive technologies (as cultured technologies) could enable us to shape modes of …

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The Right To Human Intervention: Law, Ethics And Artificial Intelligence, Maria Kanellopoulou - Botti, Fereniki Panagopoulou, Maria Nikita, Anastasia Michailaki May 2019

The Right To Human Intervention: Law, Ethics And Artificial Intelligence, Maria Kanellopoulou - Botti, Fereniki Panagopoulou, Maria Nikita, Anastasia Michailaki

Computer Ethics - Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE) Proceedings

The paper analyses the new right of human intervention in use of information technology, automatization processes and advanced algorithms in individual decision-making activities. Art. 22 of the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides that the data subject has the right not to be subject to a fully automated decision on matters of legal importance to her interests, hence the data subject has a right to human intervention in this kind of decisions.

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Social Media And Othering: Philosophy, Algorithms, And The Essence Of Being Human, Mark Ehlebracht May 2019

Social Media And Othering: Philosophy, Algorithms, And The Essence Of Being Human, Mark Ehlebracht

Consensus

No abstract provided.

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The Accumulation Of Wear On Footwear Pattern Analysis, Sarah Pawloski May 2019

The Accumulation Of Wear On Footwear Pattern Analysis, Sarah Pawloski

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

Wear is defined as the erosion of a shoe’s outsole or the loss of tread pattern, and it happens gradually over time with use. After a shoeprint is collected from a crime scene, it is questioned whether an individualization can be made if an exemplar is created after additional use of the shoe. The shoes of ten volunteers at San Jose State University were analyzed over a period of 40-45 days. Wear and Randomly Acquired Characteristics (RACs) were analyzed over time to determine if there were any observable changes or additions to the already present wear. It was hypothesized that …

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Novice Ideas: Handwriting Comparisons Conducted By An Untrained Individual, Maia Lister May 2019

Novice Ideas: Handwriting Comparisons Conducted By An Untrained Individual, Maia Lister

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

Forensic analysis of questioned documents includes chemical analyses of paper and ink as well as handwriting comparisons. Several elements affect handwriting analyses, including the presence of discriminatory factors that can individualize a handwriting sample and whether the handwriting has been disguised. Five handwriting samples were gathered from six individuals comprising of one reference, three natural unknowns, and one disguised sample per person. A novice conducted analyses on every collected sample and conducted comparisons of the reference sample to the unknown and disguised samples in an attempt to correctly source the unknown and disguised samples. The novice showed a high level …

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Crude Oil Price Prediction With Decision Tree Based Regression Approach, Engu Chen, Xin James He May 2019

Crude Oil Price Prediction With Decision Tree Based Regression Approach, Engu Chen, Xin James He

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

Crude oil is an essential commodity for industry and the prediction of its price is crucial for many business entities and government organizations. While there have been quite a few conventional statistical models to forecast oil prices, we find that there is not much research using decision tree models to predict crude oil prices. In this research, we develop decision tree models to forecast crude oil prices. In addition to historical crude oil price time series data, we also use some predictor variables that would potentially affect crude oil prices, including crude oil demand and supply, and monthly GDP and …

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The Role Of Emotional Expression In Accessing Social Networks: The Case Of Newcomers' Blogs, Michael J. Hine, Luciara Nardon, Daniel Gulanowski May 2019

The Role Of Emotional Expression In Accessing Social Networks: The Case Of Newcomers' Blogs, Michael J. Hine, Luciara Nardon, Daniel Gulanowski

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

Research has established the critical role of social networks in facilitating adjustment to foreign environments. Increasingly, social interactions are happening through computer mediated technology. This paper explores the role of emotional expression in newcomers’ blogs in developing and interacting with social networks in a new country. This research uses a dictionary-based text analytics approach to detect emotional expression in newcomers’ blog posts and their associated discussions. Blog posts with more emotional expression had more associated responses; discussions tended to be more positive than posts; and the relative amount of negative emotion in the discussions increases as posts become more negative. …

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The Use Of Generic Scripting In Certain Application Development Projects, Vance Allen Etnyre, Jian Denny Lin, Nanfei Sun May 2019

The Use Of Generic Scripting In Certain Application Development Projects, Vance Allen Etnyre, Jian Denny Lin, Nanfei Sun

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

This article discusses generic scripting, a useful scripting technology for developing applications. In its simplest use, generic scripting can be used as a documentation tool to replace flowcharting or pseudocode. in certain situations, generic scripting can lead directly to a working application without the need to write, compile and test a new program. Generic scripting is discussed as a tool which can be used in logical design, detailed design and implementation of a new application. An example is presented to show how generic scripting can be used by non-programmers to simplify the development of applications. This example is used to …

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College Choice Criteria Utilizing Conjoint Analysis Enabled On A Saas Platform, Alison Munsch May 2019

College Choice Criteria Utilizing Conjoint Analysis Enabled On A Saas Platform, Alison Munsch

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

College enrollments and low to moderate household incomes are stagnating while tuition costs are increasing. The New York State Legislature enacted the nation’s first tuition-free degree program, the Excelsior Scholarship, designed to make a college education more affordable to middle class families. This legislation can impact what institution of higher education students will choose upon high school graduation. In order to understand the choice criteria for selecting an institution of higher education, a research study was conducted among a representative sample of high school upper classmen and parents of this respondent segment. The data collection and analysis were accomplished using …

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A Few Words And A Brief Recap Of The Jptrca’S Journey, David R. Irvin Apr 2019

A Few Words And A Brief Recap Of The Jptrca’S Journey, David R. Irvin

Journal of the Patent and Trademark Resource Center Association

The Journal of the Patent and Trademark Resource Center has transitioned to TigerPrints at Clemson University. Here we offer some insight about why the Publications Committee recommended the move.

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Adventures In Conference Planning – University Of Maine Ptrc Celebrates 25 Years, Rachel A. Knapp Apr 2019

Adventures In Conference Planning – University Of Maine Ptrc Celebrates 25 Years, Rachel A. Knapp

Journal of the Patent and Trademark Resource Center Association

The challenges and rewards of conference planning come into focus when one librarian organizes the 25th anniversary celebrations for the University of Maine's Patent and Trademark Resource Center.

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The Unfree Space Of Play: Emergence And Control In The Videogame And The Platform, Logan Brown Mar 2019

The Unfree Space Of Play: Emergence And Control In The Videogame And The Platform, Logan Brown

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

This article attempts to understand the economic and informatic ramifications of the convergence between increasingly connective games and massive online platforms by considering recent trends in both that center around designing for emergence. Scholarship on emergence as a property of games overwhelmingly treats emergent design as a liberating force that privileges player agency in a virtual space. Yet, as games fuse with surrounding platform ecosystems like Steam, Facebook, and Google, those emergent behaviors are subject to vast systems of inscription that analyze user behavior in order to reshape the free space of emergence and extract greater social and financial capital. …

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