Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Cognitive Impairments And Self-Reported Sleep In Early-Stage Parkinson’S Disease With Versus Without Probable Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder, Jonathan Trout, Taylor Christiansen, M. Brooks Bulkley, Jared J. Tanner, Christopher N. Sozda, Dawn Bowers, Daniel Kay

Faculty Publications

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with cognitive and sleep impairments. The presence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms may represent a worse disease prognosis for PD individuals. We investigated cognitive functioning and self-reported sleep in early-stage PD individuals with (n = 19) or without (n = 31) probable RBD. Probable RBD was defined as >5 on the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire. Inhibition, visuospatial cognitive abilities, working memory, sustained visual attention, verbal fluency, and episodic memory were assessed. Sleep impairments were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and …

Are Physical Measures Related To Patient-Centered Outcomes In Ards Survivors?, Kitty S. Chan Phd, Lisa Aronson Friedman Scm, Victor D. Dinglas Mph, Catherine L. Hough Md, Msc, Carl Shanholtz Md, E. Wesley Ely Md, Mph, Peter E. Morris Md, Pedro A. Mendez-Tellez Md, James C. Jackson Psyd, Ramona O. Hopkins Phd, Dale M. Needham Fcpa, Md, Phd

Faculty Publications

Objective: To inform selection of physical measures for studies of ARDS survivors within 12 months of ARDS Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 6-month survivors participating in a U.S. multicenter prospective study (ARDSNet Long-Term Outcome Study [ALTOS], N=134) or a multi-site prospective study in Baltimore, MD (Improving Care of Acute Lung Injury Patients [ICAP], N=99). Physical measures, assessed at 6-month follow-up, were categorized according to the World HealthOrganization’s International Classification of Disability and Health: body functions and structures, activity, and participation. Patient-centered outcomes were evaluated at 6 and 12- months: survival, hospitalization, alive at home status, and health-related quality of …

知的生産性を飛躍させる録音システム, Yoshihiko Ariizumi

Learning, Teaching, & Researching Optimization

This article explains the benefits of using a recording system, what it is, and why it works. Our intelligence has many unexplored potentials, and by using this recording system, such latent abilities can be utilized for intellectual productivity.

Recording System That Dramatically Increases Intellectual Productivity, Yoshihiko Ariizumi

Learning, Teaching, & Researching Optimization

この記事は、録音システムを使う利点、それが具体的にはどのような活動であり、なぜそのような効果が出るのかについて説明されている。私たちの知性にはまだ多くの研究されていない潜在的な能力があり、この録音システムを使うことによって、そのように眠っている能力を知的生産性のために利用することができる。

The Ies-R Remains A Core Outcome Measure For Ptsd In Critical Illness Survivorship Research, Megan M. Hosey, O. Joseph Bienvenu, Victor D. Dinglas, Alison E. Turnbull, Ann M. Parker, Ramona O. Hopkins, Karin J. Neufeld, Dale M. Needham

Faculty Publications

To the Editor: In response to Dr. Umberger’s comments on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the abbreviated 6-item IES (IES-6), we offer guidance about assessing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as part of the existing National Institutes of Health-funded core outcome measurement set (COMS) for clinical research in acute respiratory failure (ARF) survivors

Impact Of Critical Illness On Resource Utilization: A Comparison Of Use In The Year Before And After Icu Admission*, Eliot L. Hirshberg Md, Ms, Emily L. Wilson Mstat, Valoree Stanfield Ms, Kathryn G. Kuttler Phd, Sarah Majercik Md, Mba, Sarah J. Beesley Md, Ms, James Orme Md, Ramona O. Hopkins, Samuel M. Brown Md, Ms

Faculty Publications

Objectives:

Increasingly, patients admitted to an ICU survive to hospital discharge; many with ongoing medical needs. The full impact of an ICU admission on an individual’s resource utilization and survivorship trajectory in the United States is not clear. We sought to compare healthcare utilization among ICU survivors in each year surrounding an ICU admission.

Design:

Retrospective cohort of patients admitted to an ICU during one calendar year (2012) in a multipayer healthcare system. We assessed mortality, hospital readmissions (categorized by ambulatory care sensitive conditions and emergency department), and outpatient visits. We compared the proportion of patients with visits during the …

Life After Pediatric Critical Illness: Risk Factors For Reduced Health-Related Quality Of Life And Functional Decline, Ramona O. Hopkins

Faculty Publications

Survivors of a critical illness are at risk to develop physical, cognitive, and psychological impairments that can persist for months to years after they leave the hospital. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional abilities are important measures of outcomes after a critical illness, as they reflect not only the effects of the critical illness, its treatment, and comorbid illness but also physical disability, cognitive impairment, and psychological disorders (depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder) after a critical illness in adults (1). A review of HRQL in 557 adult survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome found a substantially lower HRQL …

Enablers And Barriers To Implementing Icu Followup Clinics And Peer Support Groups Following Critical Illness: The Thrive Collaboratives, Kimberely J. Haines Phd, Bhsc (Physiotherapy), Joanne Mcpeake Phd, Msc, Bn (Hons), Rgn, Elizabeth Hibbert B.Physiotherapy, Leanne M. Boehm Phd, Rn, Acns-Bc, Krishna Aparanji Md, Cpe, Rita N. Bakhru Md, Ms, Anthony J. Bastin Mbbs Phd, Sarah J. Beesley Md, Msc, Lynne Beveridge Rgn, Brad W. Butcher Md, Kelly Drumright Msn, Rn, Cnl, Tammy L. Eaton Msn, Rn, Fnp-Bc, Achpn, Thomas Farley Ms, Acnp, Penelope Firshman Bsc, Andrew Fritschle Pharmd, Clare Holdsworth Bphys (Hons), Aluko A. Hope Md, Msce, Annie Johnson Aprn, Acnp-Bc, Michael T. Kenes Pharmd, Bcps, Bcccp, Babar A. Khan Md, Ms, Janet A. Kloos Rn, Phd, Aprn-Ccns, Ccrn, Erin K. Kross Md, Pamela Mactavish Bsc Pharm (Hons) Msc.,, Joel Meyer Bm Bch Dm, Ashley Montgomery-Yates Md, Tara Quasim Mbchb, Md, Howard L. Saft Md, Ms, Andrew Slack Mbbs, Mrcp, Edic, Md (Res), Joanna Stollings Pharmd, Fccm, Fccp, Gerald Weinhouse Md, Jessica Whitten Pharmd, Giora Netzer Md, Msce, Ramona O. Hopkins Phd, Mark E. Mikkelsen Md, Msce, Theodore J. Iwashyna Md, Phd, Carla M. Sevin Md

Faculty Publications

Objective: Data are lacking regarding implementation of novel strategies such as follow-up clinics and peer support groups, to reduce the burden of post-intensive care syndrome. We sought to discover enablers that helped hospital-based clinicians establish post-ICU clinics and peer support programs, and identify barriers that challenged them.

Design: Qualitative inquiry. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to organize and analyze data.

Setting: Two learning collaboratives (ICU follow-up clinics and peer support groups), representing 23 sites, across three continents.

Subjects: Clinicians from 23 sites. Measurement and Main Results: Ten enablers and nine barriers to implementation of ICU follow-up clinics …

Evaluating Muscle Mass In Survivors Of Ards: A 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study, Kitty S. Chan Phd, Marina Mourtzakis Phd, Lisa Aronson Friedman Scm, Victor D. Dinglas Mph, Catherine L. Hough Md, Msc, E. Wesley Ely Md, Mph, Peter E. Morris Md, Ramona O. Hopkins Phd, Dale M. Needham Fcpa, Md, Phd, National Institutes Of Health Nhlbi Ards Network

Faculty Publications

Objective—Rapid muscle wasting occurs during acute respiratory failure, resulting in muscle weakness and functional impairments. This study examines survivors’ body composition in the year after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and tests associations of patient characteristics, hospital exposures, and survivors’ strength and physical functioning with whole body percent lean mass.

Design—Prospective cohort study with 6- and 12-month follow-up

Setting—National study enrolling patients from 5 study centers

Patients—ARDS survivors (N=120)

Interventions—None Measurements and

Main Results—Lean and fat mass from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). On average, survivors gained whole body total mass (+1.4kg, 0.1, 2.7) and fat mass (+1.2 kg, 0.2, …

Cardiovascular Factors Moderate The Association Of Infection Burden With Cognitive Function In Young To Middle-Aged U.S. Adults, Bruce L. Brown, Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Dawson W. Hedges, Andrew N. Berrett, Evan L. Thacker

Faculty Publications

Background: Infectious diseases might affect cognitive aging and dementia risk, possibly via neuroinflammation. Similarly, risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are associated with cognitive function and dementia. We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors moderate the association of exposure to infectious diseases with cognitive function.

Methods: We studied 5662 participants aged 20 to 59 years from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) in the United States. We used linear regression to investigate whether the Framingham general cardiovascular risk index moderated the association of infection burden based on exposure to eight different infectious diseases with cognitive functioning as …

Successful Weight Loss Initiation And Maintenance Among Adolescents With Overweight And Obesity: Does Age Matter?, Diana Rancourt, Chad D. Jensen, Kara Mcrae Duraccio, E. Whitney Evans, Rena R. Wing, Elissa Jelalian

Faculty Publications

Background—Treatments for adolescents with overweight/obesity demonstrate mixed success, which may be due to a lack of consideration for developmental changes during this period. Potential developmental differences in weight loss motivations, weight maintenance behaviors, and the role of parents in these efforts were examined in a sample of successful adolescent weight losers.

Methods—Participants enrolled in the Adolescent Weight Control Registry (n = 49) self-reported demographic information and weight history, reasons for weight loss and weight control, weight loss approach and weight maintenance strategies, and perceived parental involvement with weight loss. Associations between age at weight loss initiation and the aforementioned factors …

Difference Of Opinion: Spousal Influence On Cancer Risk-Reducing Behavior, Wendy C. Birmingham, Maija Reblin, Wendy Kohlmann, Tyler Graff

Faculty Publications

Marriage is consistently associated with better health outcomes. Spouses' attempts to influence partners' lifestyle and general health behaviors may contribute to this effect, although partners may not be aware of this influence. Spousal worry of a cancer diagnosis for an at-risk partner may factor into attempts to influence. An examination of spousal worry and influence on lifestyle choices, general health behaviors, and cancer screening adherence for partners at higher risk of colorectal cancer may shed light on spousal influence and partners' perceptions of influence. Methods: A mixed-method design assessed cancer worry and spousal influence for risk-reducing behavior in first-degree relatives …

Impact Of Acute Sleep Restriction On Cerebral Glucose Metabolism During Recovery Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Among Individuals With Primary Insomnia And Good Sleeper Controls, Daniel Kay, Helmet T. Karim, Brant P. Hasle, Jeffrey A. James, Anne Germain, Martica H. Hall, Peter L. Franzen, Julie C. Price, Eric A. Nofzinger, Daniel J. Buysse

Faculty Publications

Background: Restricting time in bed improves insomnia symptoms, but the neural mechanisms for this effect are unknown. Total and partial acute sleep restriction may be useful paradigms for elucidating these effects. We examined the impact of acute sleep restriction on cerebral glucose metabolism during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in individuals with primary insomnia (PI; n=17) and good sleep (GS; n=19).

Methods: Participants underwent [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDGPET) scans during baseline and recovery NREM sleep following one night of partial or total sleep restriction. We compared group differences (PI vs. GS) in baseline-recovery changes, as well as main effects …

Supportive Hand-Holding Attenuates Pupillary Responses To Stress In Adult Couples, Wendy C. Birmingham, Tyler C. Graff, Steven G. Luke

Faculty Publications

Background

Social relationships, particularly marriage, have been shown to ameliorate the potentially pathogenic impact of stressful events but prior research has been mostly aimed at downstream effects, with less research on real-time reactivity. Pupillometry is an innovative procedure that allows us to see the effects of acute stress in real time. The muscles that control pupil size are linked to the autonomic nervous system, so that when stressed, the pupils dilate; this occurs within 200ms. This quick response allows us to see the immediate effects of acute stress on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the real-time effects of social …

Humanizing The Intensive Care Unit, Michael E. Wilson, Sarah Beesley, Amanda Grow, Eileen Rubin, Ramona O. Hopkins, Negin Hajizadeh, Samuel M. Brown

Faculty Publications

In the midst of trying to correct organ failures, clinicians may neglect to carefully consider what the patient is experiencing: to be on the brink of death, be unable to speak, be stripped naked, have strangers enter the room and simultaneously do things to their bodies without explanation, have tubes inserted into multiple orifices, have their arms restrained, hear a cacophony of disorienting bedside alarms whose meaning lies beyond them, and to be poked, and prodded—all while family is torn away. Compounding these facts, patients often have no memory or understanding of how they ended up in this horrifying situation. …

Longitudinal Effects Of Maternal Love Withdrawal And Guilt Induction On Chinese American Preschoolers’ Bullying Aggressive Behavior, Jing Yu, Charissa S.L. Cheah, Craig H. Hart, Chongming Yang, Joseph A. Olsen

Faculty Publications

Bullying has been understudied among preschool children, especially those from Chinese American families. Previous research has also neglected the dimensional effects of psychological control on child bullying development. This study examined two psychological control dimensions, love withdrawal and guilt induction, and their effects on children’s bullying aggressive behavior using a longitudinal design. Participants were first generation Chinese American mothers (N = 133;mean age [Mage] = 37.82) and their preschool children (Mage = 4.48). Chinese immigrant mothers reported their psychologically controlling parenting and teachers rated children’s bullying aggressive behaviors in the school setting. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to establish the …

Late-Career Unemployment Has Mixed Effects In Retirement, Wendy C. Birmingham, Maren Wright Voss, M Beth Merryman, Lisa Crabtree, Kathy Subasic, Lori Wadsworth, Man Hung

Faculty Publications

Paid work forms a pattern of occupational engagement that shifts during both unemployment and retirement. Similar to unemployment, the occupational disruption associated with involuntary retirement has been linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. To better understand the health impact of work transitions during the pre- and post-retirement years, 24 retired individuals with late-career unemployment were interviewed at the Huntsman World Senior Games in October 2016. Demographic data were collected. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach was utilized to thematically analyse the interview data and interpretations were evaluated against existing theory. Themes identified included struggle, freedom, and transition, followed by …

Spousal Influence: A Study Of Women With Eating And Body Image Concerns, Wendy C. Birmingham, Adriane Ito De Queiroz Cavallini, Jordan Sgro

Faculty Publications

Eating disorder literature often overlooks those exhibiting eating and body image concerns without an eating disorder diagnosis. Supportive spouses may ameliorate negative body image and eating behavior, but spouses who exhibit both supportive and non-supportive behaviors concurrently (ambivalent) may send mixed messages. Eating disorder behaviors and spousal interactions were assessed in 61 women who demonstrated eating disordered behavior and body dissatisfaction but were not clinically diagnosed with an eating disorder. Spouses mostly provided messages of reassurance. However, some women were unable to overcome their internalized negative body image. Feelings of social comparison were seen with ambivalent spouses. Supportive relationships may …

The Structure Of Competence: Evaluating The Factor Structure Of The Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale, Scott A. Baldwin, Simon B. Goldberg, Kritzia Merced, Derek D. Caperton, Zac E. Imel, David C. Atkins, Torrey Creed

Faculty Publications

The Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (CTRS) is an observer-rated measure of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment fidelity. Although widely used, the factor structure and psychometric properties of the CTRS are not well established. Evaluating the factorial validity of the CTRS may increase its utility for training and fidelity monitoring in clinical practice and research. The current study used multilevel exploratory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of the CTRS in a large sample of therapists (n = 413) and observations (n = 1,264) from community-based CBT training. Examination of model fit and factor loadings suggested that three within-therapist factors …

Screening For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Ards Survivors: Validation Of The Impact Of Event Scale-6 (Ies-6), Megan M. Hosey, Jeannie-Marie S. Leoutsakos, Ximin Li, Victor D. Dinglas, O. Joseph Bienvenu, Ann M. Parker, Ramona O. Hopkins Phd, Dale M. Needham, Karin J. Neufeld

Faculty Publications

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are common in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors. Brief screening instruments are needed for clinical and research purposes. We evaluated internal consistency, external construct, and criterion validity of the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6; 6 items) compared to the original Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R; 22 items) and to the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) reference standard evaluation in ARDS survivors.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis from two independent multi-site, prospective studies of ARDS survivors. Measures of internal consistency, and external construct and criterion validity were evaluated.

Results: A total of …

Key Mechanisms By Which Post-Icu Activities Can Improve In-Icu Care: Results Of The International Thrive Collaboratives, Kimberley J. Haines, Carla M. Sevin, Elizabeth Hibbert, Leanne M. Boehme, Krishna Aparanji, Rita N. Bakhru, Anthony J. Bastin, Sarah J. Beesley, Brad W. Butcher, Kelly Drumright, Tammy L. Eaton, Thomas Farley, Penelope Firshman, Andrew Fritschle, Clare Holdsworth, Aluko A. Hope, Annie Johnson, Michael T. Kenes, Babar A. Khan, Janet A. Kloos, Erin K. Kross, Belinda J. Macleod‑Smith, Pamela Mactavish, Joel Meyer, Ashley Montgomery‑Yates, Tara Quasim, Howard L. Saft, Andrew Slack, Joanna Stollings, Gerald Weinhouse, Jessica Whitten, Giora Netzer, Ramona O. Hopkins, Mark E. Mikkelsen, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Joanne Mcpeake

Faculty Publications

Objective: To identify the key mechanisms that clinicians perceive improve care in the intensive care unit (ICU), as a result of their involvement in post-ICU programs.

Methods: Qualitative inquiry via focus groups and interviews with members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s THRIVE collaborative sites (follow-up clinics and peer support). Framework analysis was used to synthesize and inter‑ pret the data.

Results: Five key mechanisms were identifed as drivers of improvement back into the ICU: (1) identifying other‑ wise unseen targets for ICU quality improvement or education programs—new ideas for quality improvement were generated and greater attention paid to …

Efficacy Of Weight Loss Intervention Can Be Predicted Based On Early Alterations Of Fmri Food Cue Reactivity In The Striatum, Petra Hermann, Viktor Gál, István Kóbor, C. Brock Kirwan, Peter Kovacs, Tama Kitkas, Zsuzsanna Lengyel, Eszter Balint, Balázs Varga, Csongor Cseko, Zoltan Vidnyanszky

Faculty Publications

Increased fMRI food cue reactivity in obesity, i.e. higher responses to high- vs. low-calorie food images, is a promising marker of the dysregulated brain reward system underlying enhanced susceptibility to obesogenic environmental cues. Recently, it has also been shown that weight loss interventions might affect fMRI food cue reactivity and that there is a close association between the alteration of cue reactivity and the outcome of the intervention. Here we tested whether fMRI food cue reactivity could be used as a marker of diet-induced early changes of neural processing in the striatum that are predictive of the outcome of the …