The Psychosocial Health And Wellbeing Impacts Of Large Scale Land Acquisitions In Coastal Tanzania, Kilian Nasung Atuoye

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This dissertation examines the psychosocial health and wellbeing impacts of Large Scale Land Acquisitions (LSLAs) in coastal Tanzania. Contemporary acquisition of large parcels of land in low-income countries by investors is both transformational and a neo-colonization strategy depending on the philosophical frame and scale of analysis. Despite multiple narratives about its impacts across scale, there is consensus in the conceptualization of LSLAs as a global force that is changing local ecologies and communities. Yet, the impact of these changes on the psychosocial health and wellbeing of local populations is less evident. This study employs mixed methods that combines qualitative and …

Comparative Assessment Of Downscaling Methods And Application Towards Analysis Of Climate Change Impact On Urban Regions, Markus Eichenbaum

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Global climate models (GCM) are sophisticated numerical models used to make long term climate projections. However, the resolution of their output is too coarse for climate change related local impact studies on urban regional scales. Downscaling efforts are taken to address this and increase GCM projection resolution. Physical Scaling (SP) downscaling methodology attempts to incorporate the physical basis of dynamical downscaling efforts with the computational efficiency of statistical methods. In this study, North American Regional Reanalysis surface skin temperature and precipitation data for a 1°x1° region centered on Houston, TX are downscaled to a resolution of 500m via SP and …

South Bend And Ridge Pine 2: Fraternal Twins, Gabryell Kurtzrock Belyea

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The Ridge Pine 2 and South Bend sites lie within four kilometres of each other, both date to the late Middle Archaic period (ca. 5500-4500 before present), and both contain significant amounts of nonlocal chert. This exploitation of nonlocal chert occurred despite the close proximity of the Kettle Point chert outcrop to both sites. Notwithstanding their similarities, the two sites differ dramatically. From the raw material breakdown to projectile point types the two assemblages are quite different. These differences raise questions surrounding the chert procurement strategy employed by the groups at Ridge Pine 2 and South Bend. In order to …

Trial By Space: Lost Cause Monuments And Public Controversy Through Bruno Latour And Henri Lefebvre, Wil Patrick

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This thesis is a discussion of the discourse monuments erected by Neo-Confederate organizations on Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia through the political work of Bruno Latour and Henri Lefebvre. In response to framing the controversy surrounding monuments as conflicts over historical interpretation, this thesis asks how re-orienting the Confederate monument controversy through the intersection of Latour and Lefebvre’s theorization of politics and monumentality alter the approach to addressing Lost Cause spaces. My first chapter addresses the current framing of the controversy as one of imbalanced narratives, where a pedagogical solution is proposed to educate and contextualize Confederate statues. In my …

Development And Application Of A Teen-Informed Tool For Measuring The Power Of Food-Related Advertisements In Canadian Environments, Drew Bowman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Food environments are influential in shaping dietary behaviours of adolescents. Exposure to food and beverage marketing is known to impact food knowledge, behaviours, and health outcomes, yet food environment research largely overlooks advertisements. Given that marketers tend to advertise less healthy foods to teens and teens predominantly purchase low-nutrient foods, it is crucial to study the information environment in the context of secondary school environments. This thesis uses a sequential mixed-methods approach, including environmental audits and teen consultations, to develop and apply a teen-informed tool to measure the power of advertisements surrounding secondary schools. Results indicate that exposure to and …

Response Of Stream Biofilm Function To Pulsed Increases In Velocity And Nutrients: An Artificial Stream Study, Chris Lucas

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Pulsed increases in flow within streams alter abiotic conditions such as nutrient concentrations and velocity which can influence the function of stream ecology, including biofilms. A 31-day artificial stream experiment at Thames River Experimental Stream Sciences (TRESS) Centre, London, Ontario, assessed the response of stream biofilm function (decomposition, primary production, community respiration) to individual and combined increases in velocity and phosphorus associated with a 48-hour hydrological pulse event. There was some evidence of an interactive subsidy effect of increased phosphorus and velocity on algal productivity. Decomposition increased as a result of increased phosphorus but there was no synergistic interaction of …

Social And Municipal Influences On Electric Vehicle Purchases, Jordan M. Fuller

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Growth in electric vehicle ownership in Canada has been slow relative to policy imperatives to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to the 2014 IPCC report the global transportation sector was responsible for approximately 23% of all energy related CO2 emissions - second only to the energy supply sector. Further, transportation-related GHG emissions have risen despite growing availability of more efficient modes of transportation (IPCC, 2014). In Ontario, where there is an emphasis on renewable energy production, the transportation sector is the largest emitter of GHGs at 35% (Ontario Government, 2016). We conducted our case study in London, Ontario where …

Vegetation And Tree Species Classification Using Multidate And High-Resolution Satellite Imagery And Lidar Data, Matthew Roffey

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Remote sensing can play a key role in understanding the makeup of urban forests. This thesis analyzes how high-resolution multispectral imagery, lidar point clouds, and multidate multispectral imagery allow for improved classification of London, Ontario’s urban forest. Chapter 2 uses object-based support vector machine classification (SVM) to classify five types of trees using features derived from Geoeye-1 imagery and lidar data. This results in an overall accuracy of 85.08% when features from both data sources are combined, compared with 77.73% when using only lidar features, and 71.85% when using only imagery features. Chapter 3 makes use of Planetscope and VENuS …

Timely Access To Maternal, Neonatal And Child Healthcare For Rural Communities In Rwanda: The Role Of Community Health Workers, Jean Bosco Bigirimana

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Abstract

Introduction: In Rwanda, although there has been some progress in health care delivery as expressed in the reduction in maternal and child mortality, rates are still high and geographically variable. Improving equitable access to quality healthcare services for maternal, neonatal and child healthcare (MNCH), community-based maternal, neonatal and child healthcare (CBMNCH) depends upon using “community health workers” (CHWs). Yet CHWs program faces difficulties that upset delivery of the quality of the comprehensive package of services. Unfortunately, little is known about CHWs` performance and job satisfaction in the provision of CBMNCH.

Goal: The study aimed to provide insight into …

Empirical Analysis Of Urban Sprawl In Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas Using Satellite Imagery, 1986-2016, Xiaoxuan Sun

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Major Canadian cities have experienced rapid sprawl in the last 30 years. This dissertation presents two studies that empirically examine the causes of urban sprawl, merging census socioeconomics data and satellite imageries of 11 major Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs). The monocentric city model and the Tiebout model are the main traditional theories explaining urban boundary changes and mobility residential. The first study focuses on the cross-sectional comparison among the 11 CMAs in 2016. In the second study, we zoom into the Toronto CMA and examine the longitudinal changes in its urban coverage at the fringe. We detect land cover/use changes …

The Politics Of Where: The Federal Government And Canada's Urbanization, 1867-2017, Charles D. Crenna

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This dissertation responds to a single overarching research question: what is the nature and extent of the federal government’s influence on urbanization in Canada, both on its systems of cities and on their internal structure? Lessons learned regarding the federal role in Canada’s urbanization remain relevant and applicable to emerging conditions. They offer a sound, streetwise foundation for future urban policy development, based on understanding the vital politics of where.

Large, complex systems of cities are both self-organizing and responsive to strategic guidance by the federal government. Politically-difficult choices among competing urban locations can be made both by hiding …

Hiv Vulnerabilities Among Heterosexual African, Caribbean And Other Black Men In London, Ontario, Irenius Konkor

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Heterosexual African Caribbean and Black (ACB) men are overwhelmed with HIV infections in Canada relative to other racial groups. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heterosexual contact is the most common route of HIV transmission among ACB populations. Despite their heightened HIV vulnerabilities, evidence from community consultation and local research shows that heterosexual ACB men tend to face challenges accessing HIV related services. Moreover, there is a dearth of literature on how ACB men build resilience against their HIV vulnerabilities in the Canadian context. This dissertation is part of an Ontario wide HIV study across four cities—Windsor, Ottawa, Toronto and London in …

The Pearl Of The Prairies: The History Of The Winnipeg Filipino Community, Jon G. Malek

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Canadian historical and national narratives often prize the creation of “White Canada” through immigration from European nations. Significant movements of people from the Asia-Pacific region often get left out of these narratives, even though Asian populations have been in Canada as long as white settlers. Furthermore, the growing body of Asian Canadian literature itself has developed a tunnel vision for East and South Asian immigrants, neglecting myriad other groups from regions such as Southeast Asia. While Chinese, Japanese, and South Asian immigrants have dominated immigration from Asia until recently, other groups such as Filipinos have long been living and working …