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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
A Machine Made Of Words: Our Incompletely Theorized Constitution, Gregory Brazeal
A Machine Made Of Words: Our Incompletely Theorized Constitution, Gregory Brazeal
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt]”Many scholars have observed that the Constitution of the United States can be understood as an example of what Cass Sunstein calls an “incompletely theorized agreement.” The Constitution contains a number of extremely general terms, such as “liberty,” “necessary and proper,” and “due process.” The Framers of the Constitution, it is suggested, did not attempt to specify precisely how each of these principles would operate in every case. On this view, the Constitution is incompletely theorized in the sense of representing “a comfortable and even emphatic agreement on a general principle, accompanied by sharp disagreement about particular cases.” For example, …
Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus) Do Not Form Expectations Based On Their Partner’S Outcomes, Sarah F. Brosnan, Timothy Flemming, Catherine F. Talbot, Laura Mayo, Tara Stoinski
Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus) Do Not Form Expectations Based On Their Partner’S Outcomes, Sarah F. Brosnan, Timothy Flemming, Catherine F. Talbot, Laura Mayo, Tara Stoinski
Psychology Faculty Publications
Several primate species form expectations based on other’s outcomes. These individuals respond negatively when their outcomes differ from their partners’. The function and evolutionary pathway of this behavior are unknown, in part because all of the species which have thus far shown the response have similar life history patterns. In particular, all share traits related to a gregarious lifestyle, intelligence, and cooperativeness. The goal of the current paper was to test whether inequity is a homology among primates or a convergence based on some other characteristic by comparing one species known to show social comparisons, the chimpanzee, to another great …
A Comparative Study Of Three Inverse Kinematic Methods Of Serial Industrial Robot Manipulators In The Screw Theory Framework, Emre Sariyildiz, Eray Cakiray, Hakan Temeltas
A Comparative Study Of Three Inverse Kinematic Methods Of Serial Industrial Robot Manipulators In The Screw Theory Framework, Emre Sariyildiz, Eray Cakiray, Hakan Temeltas
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B
In this paper, we compare three inverse kinematic formulation methods for the serial industrial robot manipulators. All formulation methods are based on screw theory. Screw theory is an effective way to establish a global description of rigid body and avoids singularities due to the use of the local coordinates. In these three formulation methods, the first one is based on quaternion algebra, the second one is based on dual-quaternions, and the last one that is called exponential mapping method is based on matrix algebra. Compared with the matrix algebra, quaternion algebra based solutions are more computationally efficient and they need …
The Relationship Between Computer-Mediated Communication And The Employment Of Deaf People, James A. Schiller
The Relationship Between Computer-Mediated Communication And The Employment Of Deaf People, James A. Schiller
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Job satisfaction results from a workplace meeting individual needs for income, belonging, and professional growth. Accordingly, core factors contributing to satisfaction vary across individuals and groups. Deaf people have traditionally located satisfying employment among enclaves of other deaf people working within the predominantly manufacturing oriented economy of the 20th Century. With the current shift toward more spatially distributed service industries in the 21 stcentury, there is little research on factors that contribute to job satisfaction among deaf people engaged in this new workforce. Operating from a theoretical perspective of worker/environment fit proposed by Alderfer, the exploratory correlational study investigated relationships …
The Potential Role Of Business Intelligence In Church Organizations, Charmaine Felder
The Potential Role Of Business Intelligence In Church Organizations, Charmaine Felder
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Business intelligence (BI) involves transforming data into actionable information to make better business decisions that may help improve operations. Although businesses have experienced success with BI, how leaders of church organizations might be able to exploit the advantages of BI in church organizations remains largely unexplored. The purpose of the phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of pastoral leaders concerning the potential usefulness of BI in church organizations. Conceptual support for the study was based on the premise that churches may also benefit from BI that helps improve decision making and organizational performance. Three research questions were used to …
Perceptions Of White Men On Affirmative Action Planning, Linda Lee Hansken
Perceptions Of White Men On Affirmative Action Planning, Linda Lee Hansken
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This study examined the perceptions of White men on whether they should or should not be treated with total equality and be included in affirmative action (AA) planning in the workplace. Previous studies explored the topic of discrimination toward white males and AA. Using Festinger's cognitive-dissonance theory and Adams's theory of equity, this study focused on research questions addressing basic knowledge of AA planning, perceived discrimination, dissonance, and, the perceptions of White men about AA planning. Using phenomenological methodology, data were collected from personal interviews, and analyzed by obtaining a sense of the phenomenon, categorizing the interviews into meaningful and …
Information Withholding And The Management Of Productivity In Teams, Dolores Drumheller
Information Withholding And The Management Of Productivity In Teams, Dolores Drumheller
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The importance of good communications between team members has been well documented. Yet previous studies on communications between team members have neglected to focus on reasons for information withholding between people working on teams. The purpose of this case study of 16 engineers and 6 educators was to understand why team members withhold information when working together. A convenience sample was selected from a software engineering organization. Collective intelligence theory in a modern communications environment was used as the theoretical foundation. This theory posits that the synergy of full group collaboration results in enhanced performance and the spread of new …
Board Member Perceptions Of Nonprofit Organization Effectiveness, Laura Levy Maurer
Board Member Perceptions Of Nonprofit Organization Effectiveness, Laura Levy Maurer
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In contemporary American society, the nonprofit board is accountable for ensuring that an organization has sufficient resources to carry out its mission. Filling the gap between demands for services and the resources to meet them is often a struggle for small, local nonprofit organizations. This hermeneutic phenomenological study examined how board members of small, local nonprofits in the focal community perceive organizational effectiveness. Understanding the nature of nonprofit organization effectiveness according to board members contributes to understanding how those accountable meet their organizational objectives. A review of the literature revealed that nonprofit effectiveness involves the action of contributing and the …
A Q Methodology Analysis Of Individual Perspectives Of Public Decision Making Influences Of Collaborative Processes, Perry D. Gross
A Q Methodology Analysis Of Individual Perspectives Of Public Decision Making Influences Of Collaborative Processes, Perry D. Gross
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Suboptimal public policy formulation and implementation often result from traditional representative democratic practices. Increasing government fragmentation, eroding trust among policy actors, and an increasingly complex policy making environment contribute to this problem. Collaborative decision making is considered to be a pragmatic alternative by its advocates. The purpose of this research was to explore the claim that process dynamics lead participants to prefer collaborative approaches to decision making among local and regional transportation plans in a western state. The conceptual framework was the diversity, interdependence, and authentic dialogue (DIAD) theory-based model of collaboration in decision making. The research questions focused on …
"Fourth World" Values In A Spanish-Language Newspaper Serving An Immigrant Community, Richard J. Peltz-Steele
"Fourth World" Values In A Spanish-Language Newspaper Serving An Immigrant Community, Richard J. Peltz-Steele
Faculty Publications
This study operationalized the Four Worlds model for mass media values in a new context — that of a foreign-language newspaper serving a recent-immigrant community within a First World society, namely a Hispanic community in central Arkansas, in the United States. The study established baseline representations of previously described “First World” and “Fourth World” values in a mainstream central Arkansas newspaper, and in Cherokee and Koori newspapers. The study speculated that the central Arkansas Hispanic community exists with a measure of physical and cultural separation from mainstream society — arising from informal barriers such as socioecomomic status, residential neighborhoods, language, …